05 SEP-602B RED670 1p1 Current Functions

Substation Automation and Protection Training
RED670 Line Differential Protection IED Current functions
ABB AB, 2007 2008-01-30 1
RED 670; Current functions

Instantaneous phase overcurrent, IOC max 2 instances Four step phase overcurrent, TOC, 1 instance Instantaneous residual current, IEF, 1 instance Four step residual overcurrent, TEF, max 1 instance
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Breaker failure protection, BFP, max 2 instances Stub protection, STB, max 2 instances Thermal overload protection, THL, max 2 instances Pole Discordance, PD, max 2 instances
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IOC, TOC, THL, BFP and PD are standard in the preconfigured variants:

A31 3ph 1 CB A32 1ph 1 CB B31 3ph 2 CB B32 1PH 2 CB
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Instantaneous Phase Overcurrent function (PIOC, 51)

IF
Set as instantaneous protection where the fault current is limited to defined maximum values e.g. from a long power line or a transformer reactance. Low transient overreach to allow setting close to the maximum through fault current level High speed to give fast fault clearance at heavy fault currents Can give phase information and be used with Distance protection as fast optional function also giving single phase tripping Current can be summated from two (or more) current input sets.

3I>>

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Instantaneous Phase Overcurrent function (PIOC, 51)
OpMode = 1out of 3 or 2 out of 3 IP>> = The setting threshold for the current function StVaMult = A multiplication factor for increase of IP>> by activating input ENMULT
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PIOC,51; Calculation of settings
Select IP>> = max(IfB,IfA)

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Consider also eventual transient overreach due to possible dc component of the fault current
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PIOC,51; Calculation of settings

Consider also the effect of parallel line when applicable
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PIOC, 51; Function block
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Phase Overcurrent function (TOC, 51_67)

Four stage Phase overcurrent. Each stage can be set Directional or Non directional Each stage can be Definite- or Inverse time delayed.

IF

19 IEC/ANSI curves Logaritmic invers
Taylor made curve is available Each stage can be blocked from second harmonic inrush currents. With directional memory Current can be summated from two (or more) current input sets.
3I> 4
ABB AB, 2007 2008-01-30 10 Substation Automation and Protection Training

Phase Overcurrent function (PTOC, 51_67)

4 step over current element One element for each step
faultState I3P V3P
Direction Element
dirPhAFlt dirPhBFlt dirPhCFlt
faultState PICKUP
TRIP
I3P
Harmonic Restraint Element
harmRestrBlock
enableDir Mode Selection enableStep1-4 DirectionalMode1-4
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Phase Overcurrent function (PTOC, 51_67)

The filtering principal can be selected to Discrete Fourier Filtering (DFT) or true RMS (RMS) by the setting parameter MeasType DFT filer out the fundamental component which is most common in normal line protection applications RMS gives a current which includes harmonics, which is usefull in shunt capacitor applications
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Phase Overcurrent function (PTOC, 51_67), - Application
IF
G 4
67/51 3I> G
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Back-up selectivity with direction and different time grading in both directions
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PTOC, 51_67; Direction

Reverse
The direction is determined by checking the angle of U and I Voltage is the angle reference Lagging current is plus angle With directional memory Direction can be set

Uref RCA

ROA
ROA
Off/Non-directional Forward/Reverse
Forward
Idir

en05000745.vsd
RCA ~ 10-40 ROA ~ 100-150
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TOC, 51_67; Reset possibilities

Curve name Curve Index no.
Instantaneous
IEC Reset (constant time) ANSI Reset (Inverse time)
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4-step Phase overcurrent protection (TOC)

jX
The direction is determined by checking the angle of U and I Voltage is the angle reference Lagging current is plus angle With directional memory

Forward operation Forward operation
110-150

10-40 R
Reverse operation
Reverse operation
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TOC, 51_67; Polarizing voltages

Polarizing voltages at phase to phase fault IdirL1L2 = IL1 - IL2 UrefL1L2 = UL1 - UL2
UrefL2 L3 = UL2 - UL3 UrefL3 L1 = UL3 - UL1
IdirL2 L3 = IL2 - IL3 IdirL3 L1 = IL3 - IL1
Polarizing voltages at phase to earth fault UrefL1 = UL1

UrefL2 = UL2 UrefL3 = UL3
IdirL1 = IL1 IdirL2 = IL2 IdirL3 = IL3
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TOC, 51_67; Function block inputs

TOC1OC4PTOC_51_67 I3P U3P BLOCK BLKTR BLKST1 BLKST2 BLKST3 BLKST4 ENMULT1 ENMULT2 ENMULT3 ENMULT4 TRIP TR1 TR2 TR3 TR4 TRL1 TRL2 TRL3 TR1L1 TR1L2 TR1L3 TR2L1 TR2L2 TR2L3 TR3L1 TR3L2 TR3L3 TR4L1 TR4L2 TR4L3 START ST1 ST2 ST3 ST4 STL1 STL2 STL3 ST1L1 ST1L2 ST1L3 ST2L1 ST2L2 ST2L3 ST3L1 ST3L2 ST3L3 ST4L1 ST4L2 ST4L3 2NDHARM DIRL1 DIRL2 DIRL3
When activated, the current multiplier InMult (n=1 for step1 etc) is in use for step1, Step2, step3 and step4 for increasing the operate level
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VisioDocument
TOC, 51_67; Function block outputs

TOC1OC4PTOC_51_67 I3P U3P BLOCK BLKTR BLKST1 BLKST2 BLKST3 BLKST4 ENMULT1 ENMULT2 ENMULT3 ENMULT4 TRIP TR1 TR2 TR3 TR4 TRL1 TRL2 TRL3 TR1L1 TR1L2 TR1L3 TR2L1 TR2L2 TR2L3 TR3L1 TR3L2 TR3L3 TR4L1 TR4L2 TR4L3 START ST1 ST2 ST3 ST4 STL1 STL2 STL3 ST1L1 ST1L2 ST1L3 ST2L1 ST2L2 ST2L3 ST3L1 ST3L2 ST3L3 ST4L1 ST4L2 ST4L3 2NDHARM DIRL1 DIRL2 DIRL3
General TRIP TRIP step1, step2, step3 and step4 TRIP phase L1, L2, and L3 TRIP step1 phase L1, L2, L3 TRIP step2 phase L1, L2, L3 TRIP step3 phase L1, L2, L3 TRIP step4 phase L1, L2,L3 General start START step1, step2, step3 and step4 START L1, L2 and L3 START step1 phase L1, L2 and L3 START step2 phase L1, L2 and L3 START step3 phase L1, L2 and L3 START step4 phase L1,L2 and L3 Second harmonic block Direction phase L1, L2 and L3
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TOC, 51_67; Setting calculation For directional underreaching step1

Select the max(IfB) Consider also eventual transient overreach due to possible dc component of the fault current The set value for the high set underreaching step can be derived as:
I1 > = 1.31 IfB

The value 1.31 includes a security margin of 10% for transient overreach and 20 % general security margin
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TOC, 51_67; Setting parameters
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TOC, 51_67; Setting parameters General setting parameters

Basic settings
Advanced settings StartPhSel = Number of phases needed for operation (1, 2 or 3 of 3) IminOpPhSel = Minimum current in % of Ibase for directionality Should be set lower than setting of the lowest step
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TOC, 51_67; Setting parameters Basic setting parameters for step1
K1 = Time multiplier for inverse time characteristic t1Min = Minimum operate time for inverse time characteristic I1Mult = Current multiplication factor for step1, activates if input ENMULT1 is high
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TOC, 51_67; Setting parameters Advanced setting parameters for step1
ResetTypeCrv1 = Reset curve type for step1 tReset1 = Reset time delay for IEC inverse curve for step1 tPCrv1, tACrv1, tBCrv1, tCCrv1, tPRCrv1, tTRCrv1, tCRCrv1 = Parameter P, A, B, C , PR, TR and CR for customer programmable inverse time curve for step1
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PTOC, 51_67; Setting parameters

IBase: Base current in primary A.

Normally set to the primary current of the CT. Range 1-99999 Normally set to the primary voltage of the VT (PT). Range 0.05-2000
UBase: Base voltage in primary kV

AngleRCA: Protection characteristic angle set in degrees.

Default set to 55. Range 40-65
AngleROA: Angle to define the angle sector of the directional function

Default set to 80. Range 40-89
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IminOpPhSel: Minimum current for phase selection set in % of Ibase

should be less than the lowest step setting. Default setting is 7%.
StartPhSel: Number of phases, with high current, required for operation: 1 of 3, 2 of 3 or 3 of 3.

Default setting is 1 of 3. Default set to Non-Directional
DirMode1: Directional mode

2ndHarmStab: Operate level of 2nd harmonic current restrain set in % of the fundamental current, range is 5-100% I steps of 1%.
Default setting is 20%.
HarmRestrain: Off/On, enables blocking from harmonic restrain.
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Instantaneous Earth Overcurrent function (IEF)

Set as instantaneous protection where the fault current is limited to defined maximum values e.g. from a long power line or a transformer reactance. Low transient overreach to allow setting close to the maximum through fault current level High speed to give fast fault clearance at heavy fault currents Can give phase information and be used with Distance protection as fast optional function also giving single phase tripping Current can be summated from two (or more) current input sets. Residual connection or separate inputs can be used.
IF
Irsd or 3I0
IN>>
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4-step Earth fault protection (TEF, 51N_67N) Application

Earth fault protection of feeders in effectively earthed distribution and sub transmission systems Back-up earth fault protection of transmission lines Sensitive earth fault protection of transmission lines Back-up earth fault protection of power transformers Earth fault protection of different kinds of equipment connected to the power system such as shunt capacitor banks, shunt reactors and others
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4-step Earth fault protection (TEF)
Four stage Earth overcurrent. Each stage can be set Off, Nondirectional, Forward or Reverse Each stage can be Definite- or Inverse time delayed. Taylor made curve is available Each stage can be blocked from second harmonic inrush currents. Directional polarizing from calculated UL1+UL2+UL3 or by external Open delta to a separate Analogue input.
IF

UL1+UL2+UL3
IN> 4
4-step Earth fault protection (TEF, 51N_67N)

Directional element with communication and WEI

Operation based on I*cos Polarising -3U0 > 1.0 % CVT filter against 3rd harm Characteristic angle AngleRCA = -180--180 o (default -65 ) Current can be summated from two current sets and the measurement can be from separate IN input or internally calculated: 3I0 = IL1+IL2+IL3
Reverse operation

3Io
3Io(rev) = 0,6 x 3Io (forward)

AngleRCA
3Io
Forward operation
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-Upol
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TEF, 51N_67N; Polarizing alternatives

Voltages polarization (-3U0) Current polarization (IN*ZN) Dual polarization

Both voltage and current is allowed to polarize
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Earth Overcurrent function (TEF) - Application
IF
G 4
IN>
67N/51N G

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Back-up selectivity with two directions and different time grading in both directions
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PEFM, 51N_67N; Functional overview

Directional Check Element signal to communication scheme
3U0 3I0
Direction Element
operatingCurrent earthFaultDirection angleValid
4 step over current element One element for each step
TRIP
enableDir
3I0
Harmonic Restraint Element
harmRestrBlock
start step 2, 3 and 4 Blocking at parallel transformers SwitchOnToFault CB pos or cmd TRIP
Mode Selection
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enableDir enableStep1-4 DirectionalMode1-4
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TEF, 51N_67N; Analogue inputs

The function are connected to pre-processing block by the following signals

I3P, input for the function Operating Quantity U3P, input for the function Voltage Polarizing Quantity IP3P, input for the function Current Polarizing Quantity
The function uses Residual Current (i.e. 3Io) for its operating quantity

directly measured Internally calculated from three phase current input within IED 670 (when the fourth analog input into the pre-processing block connected to TEF function Analog Input I3Pis not connected to a dedicated CT input of IED 670 in SMT tool).
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4-step earth fault protection (TEF) t Set to match the distance protection reach
Step 1-3:

Directional or Non- directional Definitive time Second harmonic restrained Directional or Non- directional Normal inverse Very Inverse Extremely inverse Logarithmic inverse Definitive time Second harmonic restrained -
Step 4:

1sec
min
20 ms

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4-step earth fault protection (TEF)

t
Directional Non-directional Independent or dependent time delay Second harmonic restrained Settable minimum operate current and time delay
Independent Logarithmic inverse

t min I min
Normal inverse Very inverse Extremely inverse
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4-step earth fault protection (TEF)
10
10
19 different IEC/ANSI Current dependent characteristic curves (New) Communication logic

t1 i t2 i t3 i t4 i t5 i t6 i 1
Blocking Permissive overreach (POR) Fault current reversal Weak-end infeed echo and trip
0.1 0.1 100 100
1 .10
1 .10 Sti
1 .10 100000
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Inverse characteristic for time-current back-up

Required for Back-up functions TOC, TEF Diagram or characteristic showing the operating times and corresponding actuating quantities or fault positions for the selective protection relays in the network
Purpose Coordinate the relay settings so that Faulty equipment is tripped as fast as possible The least possible damage is obtained for the healthy equipment A Back-up protection is obtained if the primary protection fails to trip
Directional
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Earth fault protection (TEF) Application problem

Energizing a transformer will always mean inrush currents. Inrush has a high neutral content in directly earthed systems A parallel transformer in service will also see the inrush. The inrush will increase successively 2nd harmonic will be in phase opposition and the total content will after a while be reduced to small values. BlkParTrans set to ON and IN over a set level (1-4) can be used to maintain the blocking even if the harmonic contents is reduced and gives an advantage at parallel transformers.
51N 51N
IN>
51N
IN> Close
51N
IN>
IN>
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STUB protection (STB)

Instantaneous overcurrent protection of busbar connection (STUB) when a line disconnector is open Required in Multi-breaker arrangements with CVT (VT) on line side of DS Z< (21) function cannot measure when line disconnector is open and must be blocked.
Line discon.
open
&
Trip
I STUB >
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Pole discordance protection (PD)

Pole discordance can occur at breaker closing or opening when single pole operating devices are used. - Higher than 300 kV - Single phase trip breakers Contact based supervision of the poles I2 criteria to verify can be added as additional criteria to increase security Can be blocked during 1-ph AR to allow shorter trip times. Note! Only remote b-u trip if local attempt does not remove asymmetry. Bus trip will mean a big disadvantage for service.

&
Trip t
1Ph AR in progr
Trip rem end
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Breaker failure protection (BFP)

BFP is the Local back-up for breaker failures. The failures can be due to trip coil, breaker drive or breaking components failure. At an breaker failure the surrounding breakers are used to clear the fault. Due to the big impact a breaker failure trip will have on the power system service, the BFR function has very high requirements on security against unnecessary tripping. The BFR function is started at CB tripping and if current still flows within, about 150 ms the surrounding breakers are tripped.

Failing breaker

G
Back-up breakers
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Some setting parameters
Current level Retrip of actual breaker Iset 0,1 2 * Ibase -No retrip -With current check -Without current check 1 out of 3 or 2 out of 4 t1 0.000 60.000 s t2 0.000 60.000 s t3 0.000 60.000 s tp 150 ms (settable)
BFP
I>
t1 t2
Current check mode Retrip delay, one per phase Back up trip delay, one timer per phase Back-up trip 2 Trip pulse
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Pre-filter Post-filter 0.5 * Stab zone
Adaptive current detection ASD No false operation in case of saturated CT Maximum reset time approx 1/2 cycle to allow short back-up tripping times.

ASD output RMS output

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Fault occurs Normal clearing time Current detector dropout Protection time - 30 ms Breaker interrupting time - 60 ms Back-up breaker Start BFP BFP timer t2 BFP Trip Breaker time Margin
Breaker failure total clearing time

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Note! Multiple functions
CB1 Trip Busbar Trip CB3 Intertrip 1
Start L1 Start L2 Start L3
3I>BF
Z<
CB3 Start L1 Start L2 Start L3 CB2 Start from all protection relays tripping the Breaker. Also Bus and Breaker failure protection. Not manual opening of breaker!
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3I>BF
Trip CB1 Trip CB2 Intertrip1 Intertrip2
3I>
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Energizing Check (SYN)

UA A ILoad
Inductive and Capacitive charging of dead line
UB B
Uhigh
27 SC/VC

Ulow
The dead line and Live bus conditions are checked. Uhigh and Ulow are verified
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Synchronism Check (SYN)

UA A ILoad B UB
UAL
Icap
25 SC/VC
d dU

Paralleling (synchronism conditions are checked

, f, U and Uhigh are within set values
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Synchrocheck function (SYN)

U-Line U-Bus
Energizing check High voltage Low voltage Operate time
U> 50-120% of Ub U< 10- 80% of Ub 80 ms (typical)
SYNC
U-Bus Line reference voltage
Paralleling (Synchronism) Check Frequency difference f < 3-1000mHz Voltage difference U < 2 - 50 % of Ub Phase difference < 5 - 90o Operate time 80 ms (typical)
Accuracy of frequency measurement about 0,5 mHz!
BLOCK
Fuse fail
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Synchrocheck (SYN) Function block

Block inputs DS Bus 1 at DB arrangement DS Bus 2 at DB arrangement DS Line at 1 1/2 arrangement DS alt Line at 1 1/2 arrangement Bus1 VT Fuse fail alt. OK Bus2 VT Fuse fail alt. OK Line 1 VT Fuse fail alt. OK Line 2 VT Fuse fail alt. OK Test mode inputs Fuse fail on sel fuse Information that the voltage is included in the synchrocheck Information that the conditions for voltage, diff voltage phase angle diff etc are fulfilled Conditions for AR Conditions for Man close Test conditions fulfilled
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Synchrocheck (SYN) Voltage selection

1U 1U UB1 UB2 B1Q B2Q
SYN1
ULN1
3U
DB Volt sel
IED
1U UB1
1U UB2
SYN1
ULN1 LN1Q
SYN2
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3U
No Volt sel
IED 1
3U
UB2
1U
IED
ULN1 B1Q
1U
UB1
SYN1
SYN1
3U
LN1Q
IED 2
1U
SYN1
1U 1U
SYN2
IED 3
1U LN2Q B2Q
SYN1
3U 1U
1 U ULN2 UB2 1U
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No Volt sel
1 CB Volt sel
REC670
1U 3U
SYN1
SYN2
SYN3
3U 1U
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No Volt sel
Auto Reclosing (AR) Single-/ Two-/ Three-phase reclosing programs

Program
1 2 3 phase 1/2/3 phase
1st attempt
3 phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 phase 1 phase 2 phase 1 phase 2 phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 phase
2nd attempt
3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase ---3 phase 3 phase ---3 phase -------
3rd and 4st attempt

3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase ---3 phase 3 phase ---3 phase -------
3 4 5
1/2 phase (No 3 phase) 1/2 phase (No 3 phase) 1/2/3 phase
1/2/3 phase
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Auto-Reclosing (AR) new in REx670 Start Quick AR without synchrocheck Skip a step and continue with next (at multiple shots)
Put AR on hold e.g. waiting for Thermal relays to reset to have less sag before reclosing
Content

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Time Overvoltage protection function Time Undervoltage protection function Multipurpose general protection function Fuse failure supervision Instantaneous phase overcurrent Time delayed phase overcurrent Instantaneous earth overcurrent Time delayed earth overcurrent Stub protection Pole Discordance protection Breaker failure protection Synchrocheck function Auto Reclose function

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Frequency protection
TOF/TUF/RVF(df/dt) Frequency Protection-Functionality

Detection of over- or underfrequency Six stages of each function Measures Ph-Ph or Positive sequence voltage Undervoltage (Dead) blocking level Trip signal each step fully individually:
Settable frequency and settable time delay

High accuracy, short measuring time Df/dt with positive or negative setting Accuracy 2 mHz for three phase Accuracy 50 mHz for single phase
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Voltage dependent tripping time!

TOF/TUF Frequency Protection - Application

Load shedding system System restoration system Generation shedding Remedial Action schemes
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Trip Circuit Supervision Application with 670 series

+ -
3s
Trip Circuit fail
Trip Circuit supervision can be arranged using Binary inputs or mA inputs. mA inputs shall be used if supervision is required from both sides i.e. at Lock-out tripping
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05 SEP-602B RED670 1p1 Current Functions

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05 SEP-602B RED670 1p1 Current Functions

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

RED670 Line Differential Protection IED Current functions

ABB AB, 2007 2008-01-30 1

Substation Automation and Protection Training

RED 670; Current functions

ABB AB, 2007 2008-01-30 2

Substation Automation and Protection Training

RED 670; Current functions

ABB AB, 2007 2008-01-30 3

Substation Automation and Protection Training

RED 670; Current functions

A31 3ph 1 CB A32 1ph 1 CB B31 3ph 2 CB B32 1PH 2 CB

ABB AB, 2007 2008-01-30 4

Substation Automation and Protection Training

Instantaneous Phase Overcurrent function (PIOC, 51)

Substation Automation and Protection Training

Instantaneous Phase Overcurrent function (PIOC, 51)

ABB AB, 2007 2008-01-30 6

Substation Automation and Protection Training

PIOC,51; Calculation of settings

Select IP>> = max(IfB,IfA)

PIOC,51; Calculation of settings

Substation Automation and Protection Training

PIOC, 51; Function block

ABB AB, 2007 2008-01-30 9

Substation Automation and Protection Training

Phase Overcurrent function (TOC, 51_67)

19 IEC/ANSI curves Logaritmic invers

ABB AB, 2007 2008-01-30 10 Substation Automation and Protection Training

Phase Overcurrent function (PTOC, 51_67)

faultState I3P V3P

dirPhAFlt dirPhBFlt dirPhCFlt

Harmonic Restraint Element

enableDir Mode Selection enableStep1-4 DirectionalMode1-4

ABB AB, 2007

Substation Automation and Protection Training

Phase Overcurrent function (PTOC, 51_67)

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

Phase Overcurrent function (PTOC, 51_67), - Application

ABB AB, 2007

Substation Automation and Protection Training

PTOC, 51_67; Direction

RCA ~ 10-40 ROA ~ 100-150

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

TOC, 51_67; Reset possibilities

IEC Reset (constant time) ANSI Reset (Inverse time)

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

4-step Phase overcurrent protection (TOC)

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

TOC, 51_67; Polarizing voltages

IdirL2 L3 = IL2 - IL3 IdirL3 L1 = IL3 - IL1

Polarizing voltages at phase to earth fault UrefL1 = UL1

IdirL1 = IL1 IdirL2 = IL2 IdirL3 = IL3

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Substation Automation and Protection Training

TOC, 51_67; Function block inputs

ABB AB, 2007

TOC, 51_67; Function block outputs

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