Diesel y Gas Turbyne Marzo 2014

45
th
1969 2014
ANNIVERSARY
DIESEL & GAS TURBINE
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Clean Air Technology Overhaul, Service & Repair Marine Propulsion
Heat Treat Knowledge
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Water Woes Wreak Havoc On Western U.S.

The governor of California, U.S.A., declared a state of emergency on January 17th due to the ongoing drought conditions plaguing the state. How bad is it? Forecasts for the water supply at nearly every major water gauge in the state were less than half of average seasonal norms as of February 5. Snowpack in the northern Sierra Nevada range, an indication of how much water will be available to fill reservoirs and power hydroelectric generators throughout the year, is about one-fifth of normal. The driest December on record has resulted in nearly 60% of the state classified as being in a condition of extreme drought, the second-worst category in the U.S. drought monitor index. In fact, the drought is Californias worst on record, and there is evidence that it may be the worst drought in the last 500 years. There are at least 17 rural California communities that are in danger of running out of water within the next two to four months. Drought is posing a serious challenge to the state, not just for drinking and agriculture needs, but also for electricity generation. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA), almost 14% of the nations hydroelectric generating capacity is concentrated in California. Since 1989, hydroelectric dams have accounted for varying portions of electricity generated within California, from 11% in 1992 (reflecting a low water year) to a high of 28% in 1995 (a high water year). Absent output from in-state hydroelectric resources, the California Independent System Operator (CAISO), the electric grid operator for most of the state, imports more power from neighboring regions. Much of the imported power comes from hydroelectric dams located in the Pacific Northwest. This has been an acceptable alternative in the past, but this year, the Pacific Northwest is also experiencing low water supply. The Northwest River Forecast Center released its 2014 water supply projection for the Pacific Northwest in January. The drought is also affecting Washington, Oregon and Idaho, where precipitation in many areas is about half the normal level, which will drastically limit hydroelectric production. Natural gas to the rescue. In 2011, California generated about 42 million MWh of electricity from hydropower, and about 89 million MWh of electricity from natural gas. The following year, the beginning of the regions current drought, hydroelectric generation plummeted to less than 26 million MWh, while gas-fired generation soared to 121 million MWh. Some analysts predict an additional 40% decrease in Californias hydroelectricity generation in 2014, further increasing its reliance on natural gas. As summer approaches, Californians are questioning the states ability to handle the looming peak demand, citing the 2000-2001 energy crisis that resulted in rolling blackouts and national headlines. While state officials try to ease concerns, showcasing the 2052 MW of capacity added within the last year (mostly in gas-fired plants), energy watchdogs are skeptical. In 2012, California mothballed two nuclear reactors in Southern California that provided electricity to power 1.4 million homes. Part of the plan to bridge the power gap left by the plant closure was heavy investment in power transmission lines to import power from neighboring states. Unfortunately for that plan, the drought knows no boundaries. Hydroelectric power from neighbors in the Northwest may not be there. A Brent Haight bhaight@dieselpub.com
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2 M a r c h 2 0 1 4 Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide
CONTENTS
MARcH 2014
FEATURES
BRICS Thirst For Power Lingers On ..................................................................... 8 Strong CHP Market In Russia................................................................... 12 Cummins Invests In Local Content .......................................................... 14 CLEAN AIR TECHNOLOGY Keeping Watch On Emissions .................................................................. 16 Low Emissions For Heat And Power ........................................................ 36 Replacing Coal ......................................................................................... 38 RENEWABLE ENERGY Biogas Powers Up For Growth ................................................................. 18 OVERHAUL, SERVICE & REPAIR Always On The Lookout ........................................................................... 20 Stitching An Engine .................................................................................. 42 POWER GENERATION South Korea CCPP Exceeds 60% Efficiency ............................................. 22 Power On Demand ................................................................................... 28 Expanding Proven Solution ...................................................................... 34 INDUSTRY NEWS Cummins Boosts Turbo Range ................................................................. 24 Double Debut From Motortech ................................................................ 40 MARINE PROPULSION Ready For Hybrid ..................................................................................... 26 LNG-Powered Escort Tugs ....................................................................... 30 Wrtsil Targets Future Fuel ................................................................... 32 Saying Aloha To Green Ship .................................................................... 44
Cover designed by Amanda Ryan
On The Cover: D&GTW explores the myriad largehorsepower prime-mover developments in BRICS countries. Coverage begins on page 8. Follow dgtww on:
Global Markets Global Coverage
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DEPARTMENTS
Haight Notes ............................................................................................... 2 PMO Report ................................................................................................ 4 Dateline ...................................................................................................... 6 Featured Products .................................................................................... 31 Literature Library ..................................................................................... 37 Newsmakers.............................................................................................. 42 Industry Drivers ....................................................................................... 43 Advertisers Index..................................................................................... 46 Marketplace .............................................................................................. 47 World Viewpoint ...................................................................................... 48
Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide M a r c h 2 0 1 4 3
MEMBER OF BPAWORLDWIDE DIESEL & GAS TURBINE WORLD WIDE (ISSN 02785994) Volume 46, No. 2 Published monthly except, Jan/Feb &July/Aug issues combined, by Diesel & Gas Turbine Pub lications, 20855 Water town Road, Waukesha, WI 53186-1873 U.S.A. Subscription rates are $85.00 per year/$10.00 per copy worldwide. Periodicals postage paid at Waukesha, WI 53186 and at additional mailing offices. Copyright 2014 Diesel & Gas Turbine Publications. All Rights Reserved. Materials protected by U.S. and international copyright laws and treaties. Unauthorized duplication and publication is expressly prohibited. Canadian Publication Mail Agreement # 40035419. Return Undeliverable Canadian Addresses to: P.O. Box 456, Niagara Falls, ON L2E 6V2, Canada. E-mail: slizdas@dieselpub.com. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: Circulation Man a ger, Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide, 20855 Watertown Road, Suite 220, Waukesha, WI 53186-1873 U.S.A.
PMO
REporT
Additional information on these Prime Mover Orders is available at www.dieselgasturbine.com
CENTRAX Centrax will supply 12 gas turbine packages, each comprising a single 5.2 MW Rolls-Royce 501-KB7 gas turbine, for service at the UstTeguss field in the West Siberian plain, some 1600 km east of Moscow, Russia. GE GE will supply six megamodules, each housing a turbogenerator train powered by a 43 MW GE 6B gas turbine and electric generator, to ZADCO (Zakum Development Co.) for the Upper Zakum UZ750 field in Abu Dhabi, UAE. MAN DIESEL & TURBO MAN will supply Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.A.-based Crowley Maritime Corp. with two MAN B&W 8S70MEGI8.2 main engines and six MAN 9L28/32DF auxiliary engines to power two new LNG-powered ConRo ships. MAN will supply twelve 18V32/40 engines to the Bangladeshi Maisha Group for a 108 MW power plant that will provide additional peak load power to the state capital, Dhaka. MAN will supply four 18V48/60TS engines to the
the Republic of Nigers Ministry of Energy and Petroleum for a new 80 MW power plant in Niamey, Niger. MITSUBISHI POWER SYSTEMS AMERICAS Mitsubishi Power Systems Americas (MPSA) will supply a natural gas-powered M501J gas turbine, an SRT-50 steam turbine and associated electric generators for a new Unit #3 at the Grand River Dam Authoritys (GRDA) existing power generation facility in Chouteau, Oklahoma, U.S.A. SIEMENS ENERGY Siemens will supply Enerjisa, a joint venture of Sabanci Holding and E.ON, with an SGT5-8000H gas turbine, a model SST5-5000 steam turbine and other components of a turnkey construction for the Bandirma II combined-cycle power plant (CCPP) in Turkey. WRTSIL Wrtsil will supply twelve 50DF dual-fuel engines to PT Indonesia Power, a subsidiary of the state utility PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), for the turnkey construction of the Pesanggaran power plant in Bali. A
Worldwide Aftersales
DATELINE
MARCH
March 4-6 Russia Power Conference, Expocentre, Moscow, Russia Tel: +44 1992 656 617 Web: www.russia-power.org March 11-12 Power & Electricity World Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa Tel: +27 11 516 4015 Web: www.terrapinn.com/exhibition/ power-electricity-world-africa/index.stm *March 17-19 Shipping 2014, Stamford, Connecticut, U.S.A. Tel: +1 (203) 406-0109 x 3717 Web: www.shipping2014.com *March 19-21 China International Offshore Oil & Gas Exhibition, Beijing, China Tel: +86-10-5823 6555 Web: www.ciooe.com.cn/2014/en March 19-21 Power Plant Flexibility 2014, Berlin, Germany Tel: +44 20 36 27 13 60 Web: www.eventfulpower.com *March 23-26 Western Turbine Users Group, Palm Springs Convention Center, Palm Springs, California, U.S.A. Tel: +1 (513) 604-8018 Web: www.wtui.com Tel: +86-25-8452 1101-869 Web:www.china-ship.com
FOLLOW DGTWW ON
MAY
May 5-7 Power-Gen India & Central New Delhi, India Tel: +44 1992 656 610 Web: www.power-genindia.com *May 5-8 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, U.S.A. Tel: +1 (972) 952-9494 Web: www.otcnet.org *May 6-7 6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria Tel: +43 316 787 927 Web: www.avl.com
*Sept. 23-26 InnoTrans 2014, Messe Berlin, Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 30 38 2376 Web: www.innotrans.de
OctObEr
Oct. 1-3 World Energy Engineering Congress, Washington Convention Center, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Tel: +1 (770) 271-7869 Website: www.energycongress.com Oct. 6-10 11th International Rotor Dynamics Seminar, Leonardo Hotel, Cologne, Germany Tel: +49 2267 6585-0 Website: www.arla-online.com Oct. 12-14 Power-Gen Middle East, Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Tel: +44 1992 656 610 Web: www.power-gen-middleeast.com Oct. 21-23 Power-Gen Brasil, Transamerica Expo Center, So Paulo, Brazil Tel: +1 918-832-9305 Website: www.powergenbrasil.com Oct. 21-24 Shiptec China 2014, Dalian World Expo Center, Dalian, China Tel: + 86 411-3991-6904 Web: www.shiptec.com.cn Oct. 22-24 EP Shanghai 2014, Shanghai World Expo Exhibition & Convention Center Shanghai, China Tel: +86 10 5129 3366 Web: www.epchinashow.com Oct. 22-24 SNAME, Hyatt Regency Houston, Houston, Texas, U.S.A. Tel: +1 (703) 997-6701 Web: www.sname.org
JUNE
*June 2-6 Posidonia 2014, Athens, Greece Tel: +30 210 4283608 Web: www.posidonia-events.com
*June 3-5 Sensor+Test 2014, Nuremberg, Germany Tel: +49 5033 9639-0 Web: www.sensor-test.de *June 3-5 Power-Gen Europe 2014, Cologne, Germany Tel: +44 1992 656 617 Web: www.powergeneurope.com June 3-6 Energy Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon Tel: +961 5 959111 Web: www.energy-lebanon.com *June 16-20 ASME Turbo Expo 2014, Dusseldorf, Germany Tel: +1 (404) 847-0072 Web: www.asmeconferences.org/TE2014 June 25-26 Energy Management Congress West, Washington State Convention Center, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Tel: +1 (770) 279-4392 Website: www.energyevent.com
APRIL
*April 1-3 Electric Power, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. Tel: +1 (832) 242-1969 Web: www.electricpowerexpo.com April 3-4 Cogen Europe Annual Conference, Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 772 8290 Web: www.cogeneurope.eu April 7-11 Hannover Messe, Hannover, Germany Tel: +49 511 89-0 Web: www.hannovermesse.de April 8-10 Power 2014, Shanghai, China Tel: +86 21 51978782 Web: www.powerchinashow.com *April 9-10 GlobalCon, Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.A. Tel: +1 (770) 279-4392 Web: www.globalconevent.com April 9-11 China International Marine, Port & Shipbuilding Fair (CIMPS), Nanjing, China
SEptEmbEr
*Sept. 9-12 SMM Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Web: smm-hamburg.com
*Sept. 10-12 Power-Gen Asia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: +44 1992 656 634 Web: www.powergenasia.com *Sept. 22-25 Turbomachinery Symposium, Houston, Texas, U.S.A. Tel: +1 (979) 845-7417 Web: www.turbolab.tamu.edu
NOVEmbEr
Nov. 24-25 Plant Maintenance in the Middle East, Millenium Hotel, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Tel: +44 207 384 7983 Web: www.wraconferences.com
* Boldface indicates shows and conferences in which Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide is participating. A more complete listing of trade shows is available at www.dieselgasturbine.com
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W W W. L U F K I N . C O M
BRICS

BY IAN CAMERON
BRAZIL RUSSIA INDIA CHINA SOUTH AFRICA
Rolls-Royce gas compression equipment installed on the WEPP project in China.
Thirst For Power Lingers On

BRICS energy markets having major impact on worldwide industry
With the global thirst for energy continuing to grow over coming years, the problems and opportunities it presents are most evident in the BRICS economies Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. It is in India and China especially where the transformation in energy demand poses huge challenges for their governments, power generation companies and populations. As recently as the middle of 2013, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) projected that over the next three decades world energy consumption would rise by 56%, driven by growth in the developing world. Rising prosperity in China and India is a major factor in the outlook for global energy demand, EIA administrator Adam Sieminski said. Combined, these two countries account
for half the worlds total increase in energy use through 2040. This will have a profound effect on the development of world energy markets. The EIAs research and projections merit further detail, and arguably it is in India where the challenges of supplying reliable and sufficient energy are most demanding. India is the fourth-largest energy consumer in the world, following the U.S., China and Russia. Yet a 2012 report by the EIA estimated that almost one-quarter of the Indian population lacks basic access to electricity, while electrified areas suffer from rolling electricity blackouts. Indias largest and most readily available source of energy is coal it has the fifth-largest coal reserves in the world. According to the EIA, in 2012 India consumed 726 million tonnes of coal compared with 654
million tonnes the previous year. The country produced 628 million tonnes in 2012 compared with 580 million tonnes the previous year. Natural gas is used in part for electrical generation in India, but there is more and more reliance on imports despite the fact that the country does have its own significant natural gas reserves, estimated to be 1.24 trillion m3 at the end of 2012 compared with 1.15 trillion m3 in the previous year. However, some progress toward developing natural gas opportunities was recently made by Oil and Natural Gas Corp. Ltd. (ONGC), one of the biggest Indian oil companies. In late January, ONGC signed a memorandum of understanding with Japans Mitsui to cooperate in the exploration and production of conventional and unconventional petroleum and
BRICS
natural gas opportunities in India and other countries. Last year, ONGC, Mitsui, Bharat Petroleum Corp. Ltd. and the New Mangalore Port Trust also revealed plans for a feasibility study of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal at Mangalore in the state of Karnataka. Because of the high dependency on imports of crude oil and gas into India, nationalized oil companies have made overseas purchases to try to partly redress the situation. ONGC Videsh Ltd. (OVL), a subsidiary of ONGC and Oil India Ltd., acquired 10% in the Rovuma Area 1 offshore block. The block covers approximately 1.05 million hectares in the deepwater Rovuma Basin offshore Mozambique and represents one of the largest gas discoveries in offshore East Africa, with estimated recoverable reserves of 1 to 1.8 trillion m3. OVL said the move marked the companys entry into this offshore gas basin with significant future upside potential. Area 1 has the potential to become one of the worlds largest LNG producing hubs and is strategically located to supply LNG to the growing Indian gas market, the company said. OVL is also involved in 32 projects in 16 countries including Russia, Brazil, Azerbaijan, Colombia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Libya, Myanmar, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Venezuela and Vietnam. In China, initiatives by the government to relieve problems with air pollution will lead to the largest growth in natural gas demand, according to the EIA. It added that from 2010 to 2020, natural gas consumption will rise at an annual average rate of 7.5%, with production growing by an average of 2.4% per year with a greater use of shale gas and coalbed methane from 2020. Expanding natural gas-fired and renewable plants and boosting transmissions are a government priority in China, the worlds largest energy consumer and the largest coal producer and consumer. Due to the significant rise in demand for electric power in China, the countrys government decided to introduce distributed gas engine power generation systems with a total output of 50 GW by 2020. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) and Hitachi have formed a joint venture company that will be headquartered in Shenzen, China. MHI said the new company would strategically evaluate the market for distributed gas engine power generation systems, which is anticipated to expand rapidly in China going forward. Looking ahead, the two companies will join forces to penetrate a full-scale entry into the distributed gas engine power generation systems business in China with the aim of expanding their market share. The willingness to try to embrace greener alternatives to fossil fuels in China is not just restricted to the government. China Huaneng Group,
continued on page 10
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BRICS
pacity grew at only 7%, straining the available supply infrastructure to the point where the country suffered rolling blackouts and a major power crisis in 2008, threatening power supply to many businesses including the countrys vital mining industry. The National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA), which is responsible for implementing South Africas energy plan, and Eskom, the state electricity company responsible for electricity transmission and generation of 95% of South Africas electricity, are focused on diversifying energy sources, securing energy supplies and pushing forward new energy projects across sectors. In 2010, almost 70% of South Africas energy supply came from coal, followed by oil (19%), solid biomass and waste (10%), natural gas (2%), nuclear (2%) and hydro (less than 1%), according to EIA estimates. The EIA said that South Africa has the worlds ninth-largest recoverable coal reserves, holds 95% of Africas total coal reserves, and is the fifth-largest coal exporter in the world. Unfortunately, because of its dependence on hydrocarbons, particularly coal, South Africa has become Africas leading CO2 emitter and the 12th largest in the world. Despite environmental pressures and a focus on energy diversity, coal use is expected to rise to meet demand. This includes the return to service and construction of coal-fired plants. The EIA said that there is a considerable amount of investment in new power projects with targeted capacity additions of over 40 000 MW by 2030, which will include mostly coal but also renewable and nuclear generating capacity. A recent EIA analysis stated that South Africa has 13.6 trillion m3 of technically recoverable shale gas resources, most of which are located in the Karoo Basin. After previously enacting and then lifting a moratorium on shale gas exploration, the Petroleum Agency South Africa (PASA) issued technical cooperation permits (TCPs) to authorize research into shale gas potential to several inter-
Rosnefts Angarsk refinery, one of the largest Russian oil processing plants.
a state-owned organization focused heavily on the production and sale of power, and Italian energy company Enel Group, have linked up to cooperate in environmentally friendly power technologies. In a similar vein, the need for Chinese companies to reduce emissions and comply with upcoming NOx regulations is more prevalent than ever. An example of this is the work scheduled to have begun early this year by Wood Group GTS, which was awarded a Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustion system conversion contract by ZhongshanYongan Electricity Co. based in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province. The work involves upgrading the combustion system from standard diffusion to DLN on a GE Frame 9E combined-cycle gas turbine, and the modification of the existing control system and DLN monitoring and tuning services. As part of a bid by the China National Petroleum Corp. to promote economic growth in western China, the HuaQi Ansai LNG project in the city of Ansai, Shanxi Province, was inaugurated in 2012 and is today regarded as a key asset in the area. It features the first application of GEs 24 MW convertor in China and sup-
plies an estimated 2 million m3/d of LNG and 436 446 tonnes/yr. GEs Power Conversion Business supplied the compressor drive set including the convertor, rotating machine and transformer. Rolls-Royce has also announced a US$28 million contract to supply PetroChina with equipment and services to expand the flow of natural gas through the Lunnan-Tulufan branch of the second West to East Pipeline Project (WEPP II). The Lunnan-Tulufan pipeline branch transports 17 billion m3/yr of gas and connects Lines I and II of WEPP, which links Chinas western Xinjiang region to Fujian province in the southeast. In total, WEPP transports up to 47 billion m3/yr of gas. Rolls-Royce will supply PetroChina with an additional two RB211 gas turbine driven pipeline compressor units, bringing the total number of RB211 units sold for installation on China and Central Asias natural gas pipeline network to 70. The EIA estimates that South Africas total electricity consumption has grown by over 20% in the last decade, but only 55% of the rural population and 88% in urban areas have access to electricity, leaving approximately 12.5 million people without power. Energy consumption grew by 20% from 2000 to 2010, while installed ca-
BRICS
national companies including Royal Dutch Shell, Falcon Oil and Gas Ltd. and Bundu Gas & Oil. However, some companies are awaiting approval to convert their TCPs to exploration licenses, the EIA said. With the largest natural gas reserves in the world, Russia is one of the leading producers and consumers of electric power globally and a major exporter of both oil and natural gas. According to EIA figures, the country achieved 996 billion kWh of electric power generation in 2011, with consumption totaling 861 billion kWh. While Russia has substantial coal reserves, production is relatively light at 351 million tonnes/yr with consumption of 249 million tonnes/yr, and this has led to strong export figures for the resource. In 2012, Russia was behind just the U.S. and Saudi Arabia as the worlds largest producer of liquid fuels, with pipeline exports accounting for the majority of the countrys crude oil exports. The pipeline network is dominated by Transneft, which operates approximately 70 000 km of pipelines and more than 500 pumping stations. The company also transports 93% of Russian oil. Another key player in the Russian energy business is oil and gas company, Rosneft, which is engaged in exploration and production of hydrocarbons, and production of petroleum products and petrochemicals. The company has an annual output of natural and associated gas of about 12 billion m3. Rosneft is also expanding and upgrading its refineries, including one of its key facilities at the Ust Teguss oil field in Siberia, where U.K. company Centrax has started the largest installation of gas turbine packages produced by the company on a single site worldwide. Twelve of the packages, each comprising a single 5.2 MW RollsRoyce 501-KB7 gas turbine, are being prepared for service at the facility. Russia is estimated to have the largest deposits of recoverable shale oil around 75 billion barrels although work towards production has not been hasty. However, in a key move Rosneft and Statoil of Norway have agreed on a joint venture to assess the feasibility of commercial production from the Domanik shale formation in the countrys Samara region. Rosneft president Igor Sechin said the move would help the company accelerate the launch of hard to recover reserves development. Rosneft and Statoil will set up a joint venture company to run a three-year pilot program to assess the potential for commercial production. If successful, we believe this could be a world class shale oil asset, said Helge Lund, Statoil chief executive officer. The energy scenario in the BRICS countries is dynamic and challenging. It is beyond doubt that the power production and consumption strategies being played out there will have an everlasting impact across all segments of the energy industry and on the environment. A
Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide M o n t h 2 0 1 4 XX
BRICS

BY BO SVENSSON
The Wrtsil 20-cylinder 34SG gas engine will be used for two combined heat and power (CHP) plants in the South Urals region of Russia.
Strong CHP Market In Russia

Replacement of old boilers by cogeneration plants improving fuel utilization rate, producing extra electric power
Wrtsil has been contracted to supply two combined heat and power (CHP) plants to Russias Chelyabinsk region in the South Urals. The plants are a part of the local administrations program to upgrade the district heating system by replacing outdated boiler plants with modern power generation technology. The two power plants, located in the towns of Kasli and Karabash, will be built for Perspektiva LLC, a private investment company. Each of the plants will be equipped with two Wrtsil 20-cylinder, V-type 34SG gas engines, producing a combined 20 MW of electric power and approximately 9.6 MW of heat. The engine operates at 750 r/min for 50 Hz applications, and will run on natural gas. Wrtsils scope of supply includes
the generating sets and all mechanical and electrical systems, including heat recovery equipment and systems like pumps. In Kasli, the equipment will be installed in a separate building, also part of the supply. In Karabash, the equipment will be fitted into an existing boiler house. The plants have been engineered to accommodate a high degree of modularity, which will enable repetitive use of the solution in similar projects throughout the country, the company said. Along with emergency boilers, the power plants will feed electricity to the local grid and will be the sole suppliers of heat to the two towns, each with approximately 17 000 inhabitants. The deliveries are scheduled to be completed by June 2014, and the two plants are scheduled to be in operation this
autumn in time for the winter heating season, the company said. We were looking for a solution that would ensure a reliable heat supply during the extremely long and cold winters in this region, said Andrey Ryabenko, director of Perspektiva LLC. We believe that Wrtsils technology will provide the outstanding reliability and high efficiency that is needed. Wrtsil said that replacement of the old boilers by cogeneration plants would significantly improve the fuel utilization rate by producing extra electric power. The local administrations program to upgrade and renew the district heating system is high on its agenda due to the positive impact for the local communities. Both the economy and environmental performance of the combined sys-
BRICS
tem will be improved compared to the previous installations, said Igor Petryk, sales director, Wrtsil Power Plants. Proven technology and a reliable supplier were important requirements imposed by the local authorities. For each plant, two exhaust gas heat exchangers have been manufactured by Aprovis Energy Systems, Weidenbach, Germany. Aprovis said it has succeeded in building up a thriving export business that now accounts for more than 60% of the companys turnover. To improve the flexibility of the plant, the heat exchangers located inside the power buildings are equipped with exhaust bypass valves, allowing the gas engines to operate in pure simple-cycle mode, if required. The exhaust bypass valves are supplied by German based Fackert Spezialarmaturen GmbH. Each of the two waste heat recovery units for the Kasli and Karabash plants produces a thermal output of 4790 kW. The exhaust gas temperature entering the heat exchanger is 392C and the temperature of the gas exiting the exchanger is 113C; water enters the heat exchanger at 84C and exits at 100C. The existing district heating systems are being modernized in many parts of Russia. The short delivery and construction time made possible by the modular design and the high electrical efficiency and transparent operating costs have made our concept attractive for private investors, said Alf Doktar, regional director, Europe East, Wrtsil Power Plants. The availability of Wrtsils service network in Russia and strong references in the region were also key factors in securing this contract. Igor Petryk, sales director, Wartsila Power Plants, said, Wartsila has delivered more than 50 power plants to Russia. Last year, we received an order for a 110 MW power plant in the town of Tikhvin, near St. Petersburg, that will be the largest reciprocating engine power plant in Russia. These two new plants are further examples of the relevance of our flexible power generation concept. A
A rendering of the plant in Kasli, Russia, that will provide heat and power to the towns 17 000 inhabitants.
INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS. PROVEN PERFORMANCE.

Harco_Sept12_WW.indd 1
8/10/12 2:54 PM
BRICS

BY MAURO BELO SCHNEIDER
Cummins Power Generation will continue to expand its operational structure in Brazil, focusing on four product lines.
Cummins Invests In Local Content

Delivering key propulsion units; Brazil market major share of companys South America business
Cummins Brazil will supply seven units of emergency generators to work in the Brazil pre-salt layers, focusing its 2014 strategy on offering packages with local content to fulfill requests of the Petroleum National Agency (ANP). The first unit will be delivered to GE, which is responsible for supplying power modules for the Atlntico Sul shipyard, located in Recife in Pernambuco state. The modules will be used as emergency generators in seven drill ships by Petrobras and might also be used in the Brazilian coastal areas. According to Rodrigo Teixeira, Cummins Maritime Business manager in Brazil, the delivery of local content will grow gradually, with product nationalization eventually increasing to 40 to 50%. The package generators will be equipped with a Cummins QSK 60 engine and a WEG alternator with a unit power of 1800 KWe. The package also utilizes a modern panel
C-Command Elite Plus, which Cummins said works not only in a preventative role such as managing operational costs but also allows vessel monitoring via satellite. The propulsion engines range varies from 19 to 60 L and 368 to 1986 kW. Generator groups have potency between 250 to 1825 kW, while auxiliary engines will be available from 5.9 to 60 L and 75 to 1900 kW. Cummins said these products comply with IMO Tier 2 and EPA Tier 2 emissions standards. Cummins also said that it has further expansion plans in Brazil, which currently leads the companys activities in South America and represents 56% of Cummins earning in the region. In 2012, Cummins Power Generation was responsible for 13% of Cummins earnings in South America. Of the generators manufactured in its Guarulhos plant in So Paulo state, 63% were destined to the domestic market and 37% for exports.
In 2013, the domestic market represented 81%, the company said. In 2013, we saw an effective, strategic growth in our business in Brazil, said Kip Schwimmer, Cummins Power Generation director in South America. We invested in infrastructure projects that might demand more energy equipment, such as airports, but also in agribusiness and in the construction segment. Cummins said it intends to build a new power generator plant and a new distribution center in Itatiba city, So Paulo state. Operations at this facility are expected to begin in early 2015. The company also announced that Cummins Power Generation has a new operational structure in Brazil that focuses on four product lines: Power Products (up to 1000 kW); Power Systems (1000 kW and higher); Power Solutions (gas and biogas solutions); and Cummins Generator Technologies (CGT) for alternators. A
CLEAN AIR TEcHNOLOGY
Keeping Watch On Emissions

True mass calculation corrects for temperature, pressure inconsistencies; designed for engine, turbine range from 75 to 7457 kW
The FM50 flowmeter from Continental Controls Corp. is designed to measure flow and fuel consumption for gas engine and turbines.
Continental Controls Corp. (CCC) has created the FM50, a gas flowmeter that can be sized to measure flow and fuel consumption for nearly any reciprocating gas engine or small to medium-sized gas turbines. The new product comes just after the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-proposed Clean Air Act standards cut carbon dioxide emissions from new and existing power plants. The announcement from the government agency came on Sept. 20, 2013. According to the proposal, new large natural gas-fired turbines
The FM50 flowmeter installed on a gas engine application.

would need to meet a limit of 454 kg of CO2 per MWh, while new small natural gas-fired turbines would need to meet a limit of 499 kg of CO2 per MWh. New coal-fired units would need to meet a limit of 499 kg of CO2 per MWh, and operators would have the option to meet a tighter limit if they choose to average emissions over multiple years. The EPA is also developing standards, regulations or guidelines to address carbon emissions from existing power plants. According to the June 25 Presidential Memorandum, the EPA will issue proposed standards for existing power plants by June 1, 2014. The FM50 provides near instant flow momentary measurements, as well as measurements either averaged or totalled over a period of hours, days or months, the company said. The venturi-based FM50 provides a true mass flow calculation that corrects for temperature or pressure inconsistencies, resulting in an accuracy of 3% of reading or 0.5% of full scale, whichever is greater. Specifically designed for single engines, the FM50 works with engines and gas turbines from 75 to 7457 kW. The basic design of the FM50 remains the same, no matter what size engine or turbine it is installed on, and the unit is sized to match the needs of a particular engine, the company said. Features of the new flowmeter include a pressure drop of 0.14 bar, a response time under 10 ms, and a turndown ratio up to 20:1. CCC also calibrates the meter, which automatically makes adjustments to re-zero the transducers each time the meter is powered down. The 20.3 cm device can be dropped into a 5 cm inlet pipe rather than having to re-pipe the inlet and find a way to fit a larger meter in around existing equipment, CCC said. The FM50 comes with a heated, backlit display built into the body, allowing the device to operate in extreme sub-zero temperatures. Data can be stored locally on a USB portable drive or can be communicated via CAN J-1939, Modbus, Ethernet, satellite or cellular modem, or through the included 2.6 GHz wireless radio. In addition to environmental compliance, the FM50 is useful for applications where a drilling rig or compressor is using a bi-fuel gas substitution system (GSS), the company said. In such a case, the FM50 provides measurements of the fuel flow and cost-saving estimates. For a gas turbine with a low NOx combustor, CCC said the FM50 could measure the flow to each part of the combustor and provide that data to the turbine control system for determining efficiency. A
CAMGT 3V-600
NONSTOP PERFORMANCE
Just as a racing driver needs to have the best possible technology to avoid devastating pit stops - Caml lters will provide gas turbine operators maximum uptime to avoid unnecessary maintenance. The CamGT 3V-600 takes the lead in gas turbine lter performance - no lter has ever provided lower pressure drop at (H)EPA grade efciency. Visit www.nonstop-performance.com and learn more about the benets of a properly designed Inlet Air System or contact your local Caml representative.
www.caml.com/ps
CLEAN AIR SOLUTIONS
RENEWABLE ENErGY
BY IAN CAMERON
An interior view of a digester.
Biogas Powers Up For Growth

Worldwide market depends on governmental policies; two Weltec plants poised to begin U.K. operations
As more governments worldwide are aiming to encourage the use of renewable energy, interest in biogas plants remains strong. Two new biogas projects in the U.K. are due to come on-stream shortly as the move towards these facilities seemingly gathers momentum. In such systems, organic matter is broken down by bacteria to produce biogas a mixture of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) which is used as a fuel to generate electricity. According to German biogas specialist company, Weltec Biopower, 1 m3 of biogas with a methane content of 60% has an energy content of 6 kWh. The company said this is equivalent to approximately 0.6 L of heating oil. To generate biogas, a large variety of organic materials including cow and pig manure, poultry droppings, dung, corn, whole crop silage, grass, grains, beets and harvest residues, is broken down in digesters. Other sources are food remnants, fryer grease, slop/ silage and animal wastes such as fat,
blood, gastro-intestinal contents and slaughter waste. Two Weltec plants will soon begin operations in the U.K. In Londonderry, Northern Ireland, a Foyle Food Groupowned 500 kW plant will commence operations using a Liebherr engine. The industrial meat processing company will feed the 3000 m3 stainless steel digesters with waste from its abattoirs, primarily with stomach contents and flotation fat. Onsite, Weltec has integrated a hygienisation unit, a 530 m3 digestate storage unit and the companys MULTIMix input system. The other Weltec project is a 500 kW agricultural plant in Leicester, England, a biogas facility using a mix of renewable raw materials that also utilizes a Liebherr engine. The operator, an agricultural contractor with its own cropping farm, mainly uses maize silage as substrate. Both plants use a 500 kW combined heat and power (CHP) system supplied by 2G Energy AG. According to Weltecs head of sales,
Hajo Schierhold, the worldwide market for renewable energies depends on varying governmental policies. The main focus markets are currently France and Great Britain because the governments have set priorities around achieving more renewables by 2020, Schierhold said. However, for several years we have noted growing demand and increased interest, especially from Asian countries, Russia and the U.S. The biogas market has huge advantages, especially as biogas can be produced from many different substrates: therefore, a biogas plant can also be very attractive without any subsidies. One example is our project in Uruguay. The operators plant is completely self-sufficient because it uses the slurry and maize silage from its own farm. The heat and some of the power produced are used for dairy and milk powder production. The company said it has recently completed major contracts in France, where, along with its partner Domaix Energie, it has developed four agricultural biogas plant projects. The plants use sludge and food leftovers, and Weltec said the units are a reflection of the trend that French biogas plants are increasingly fermenting industrial leftovers. Since the introduction of the separation and utilization of kitchen waste from large catering establishments in France at the end of 2011, organic waste from schools and company cafeterias must be used for the production of energy, Weltec said. Two 600 kW plants use MWM engines and CHP systems that are supplied by Germanys Dreyer & Bosse the plant in Charente uses a 3000 m3 stainless steel digester, while the Burgundy plant has two digesters with a capacity of 2000 m3 each. The two other plants have an electrical output of 190 and 255 kW, respectively. The smaller Weltec biogas plant in Lorraine comprises a 1500 m3 stainless-steel digester and is loaded with cattle manure from the operators farm as well as whole plant silage and food leftovers. The 255 kW plant also uses agro-industrial waste. A
FPSO Project, Brazil

Our customers dream was to build one of the largest, most efficient and reliable converted FPSOs in the world. Nidec delivered. Nidec ASIs explosion proof motors provide maximum reliability, performance and safety with a high level of efficiency.
Explosion proof motors - ET series.
Fernanda owns a bar on the beach in Carnarupim. Her dream is to build a hotel one day. The use of an FPSO means that her beach will remain clean and pollution free. Nidec, turning dreams into results.
Nidec ASI
www.nidec- asi . com
OVERHAUL, SERVICE & REPAIR
BY BO SVENSSON
The EcoCam modification includes a new valve actuator block with a controlled drain line (the thinnest of the three pipes), which allows the valve to close earlier and achieve a higher Pmax cylinder pressure.
Always On The Lookout

Virtual cam reduces specific fuel oil consumption (SFOC); now available for mechanical engines
MAN Diesel & Turbo has introduced EcoCam, a retrofit solution offered for low-speed, mechanical engines with a single turbocharger. The MAN EcoCam is a flexible cam profile called a virtual cam. The profile is controlled hydraulically by adjusting the amount of actuator oil in the hydraulic pushrod. As a result, the exhaust valve can start closing earlier and the Pmax cylinder pressure can be increased at low-load for engines that were originally optimized for highload performance. MAN said that until now, flexible exhaust-valve timing has only been available for electronically controlled engines and not possible for mechanical engines. The EcoCam offers significant fuel savings with short payback times, the company said, and MAN will initially roll out the EcoCam to a number of its MAN B&W S50MC-C engine users. The EcoCam will be released for
its mid- and large-bore engine program, beginning with a number of S60MC-C engines, during the first quarter of 2014. Slow-steaming is now an established industry standard across all segments including the tanker and bulker markets and we are always seeking to refine our technology and improve efficiencies, said Christian Ludwig, head of Retrofit & Upgrade, MAN Diesel & Turbo. The EcoCam adjusts the exhaust-valve timing in the range from 20 to 60% load, giving a 7 to 19 L/kWh fuel savings with minimal to no interruption to a vessels schedule during installation. The Eco-Cam modification includes a new valve actuator block, which has a controlled drain line from the top of the pushrod. This drain line allows the valve to close earlier, achieving a higher Pmax cylinder pressure. Besides the new and modified valve actuator, the scope of the EcoCam
retrofit solution includes a junction box for the various engine cylinders and a tachometer system. Both these units are located adjacent to the engine. A system control unit will be in connection with the operating panel and, besides the hardware components, NOx emissions documentation and a torsional vibration solution are provided, MAN said. When a low-load tuning method is installed on an engine, it will impact torsional vibration and NOx emissions, MAN said. Operators must take this into account and ensure the vibrations impact is not harming the engine and that the NOx levels remain in compliance with IMO regulations. The EcoCams effect on fuel reduction and NOx impact has been verified by two independent test bed installations and aboard a test vessel in service, Ludwig said. One of the tests of the EcoCam concept was carried out with a 6S50MCC8.1 engine at the Mitsui test bed. The tests aim was to compare and register the lifting curves of a reference nonmodified engine with the engine modified with the EcoCam system. MAN said the results of the test clearly showed that the controlled drainage of the hydraulic oil from the top of the actuator reduced the specific fuel consumption by 7 to 19 L/kWh in the 20 to 60% range of specific maximum continuous rating (SCMR). Another challenge was to find the solution for the torsional vibration impact within a specific engine speed range the solution was an automatic on/off switch within the critical speed range. We have estimated the time required for installation and commissioning of the EcoCam system on a 6S50MC-C engine to be two to three days with a staff of three fitters and a superintendent, Ludwig said. Depending on an engines load profile, a savings in the 7 to 19 L/kWh range for smaller engines could result in a payback period of as little as 1.5 years. For example, this could be the case with a 6S50MC-C engine with 6000 annual running hours. A
POWER GENERATION
BY ROBERTA PRANDI
Assembled in the same turbine building on a low-bay foundation, the Siemens powertrain of the Dangjin 3 single-shaft, combined-cycle power plant features a much simpler layout than multishaft installations.
South Korea CCPP Exceeds 60% Efficiency

Siemens confirms South Korea as key market for LNG-powered electricity production, opening regional headquarters
The latest commissioning by Siemens in South Korea, in cooperation with consortium partner GS E&C, is the Dangjin 3 combined-cycle power plant (CCPP) in Bugok, about 120 km south of the capital city, Seoul. Dangjin 3 is a turnkey project by Siemens and GS E&C for one of the two independent power producers in South Korea, GS EPS, which invested US$460 million in the project. The 415 MW single-shaft, combined-cycle follows two other installations at the same Bugok site, all fueled by LNG: Dangjin 1 is a 538 MW combined-cycle plant in 2+1 multishaft configuration that was the first in Korea to use SGT6-4000F gas turbines and was, at the time of commissioning in 2000, the most efficient plant in the country; and Dangjin 2, another 2+1 multishaft combined-cycle facility using Siemens F-class technology and delivering 550 MW of power with an efficiency of 58.6% (LHV basis net). Ki Hwan Cho, team leader and Phase 3 team project manager of GS EPS, said that the company decided to move to
higher efficiency Siemens H-class turbines to achieve even lower fuel consumption and reduced emissions. The plant achieves a limit of 15/16 ppm in NOX emissions without aftertreatment, thanks to the Siemens low NOX combustor technology, Cho said. This plant has broken more than one record it is not only the first 60 Hz combined-cycle plant in Asia to achieve over 60% net efficiency, but this is also the first time Siemens has installed a single-shaft, combined-cycle configuration with an H-class 60 Hz unit. Thomas Hagedorn, vice president, Gas Turbine Power Plant Solutions APAC at Siemens Energy, said that Dangjin 3 features an SGT6-8000H fully air-cooled gas turbine in single-shaft configuration with a Siemens SST65000 steam turbine, the same used in the Dangjin 1 and 2 CCPP units. The absence of a cooling media for the gas turbine allows for very quick starts, Hagedorn said. The singleshaft powertrain, a first for an LNG plant in Korea, provides flexible op-
eration thanks to the gas turbine and steam turbine working on the same generator, and features a synchronous self-shifting (SSS) clutch between the steam turbine and generator. The SSS clutch is disengaged when the gas turbine is in operation, for example, during start-up, to run independently from the steam turbine. When the steam turbine is accelerated and overtakes the generator speed, the clutch is engaged and transfers the torque of the steam turbine to the generator. The company said this configuration together with the condenser being positioned laterally to the lowpressure steam turbine allowed for all the major components in the powertrain to be installed on a low-bay foundation without basement. The result is a simpler plant layout one turbine building and one service crane compared to a multishaft installation. Also, the lubrication system, with only one lube tank, is the same for all components and related systems. The generator is a standard twopole, hydrogen-cooled SGen6-2000H type with direct radial hydrogen cooling for the rotor winding and indirect hydrogen cooling for the stator winding. The generator casing is pressureresistant, gas-tight and is equipped with two end shields.
POWER GENERATION
The Dangjin 3 power plant (formerly Bugok 3) in South Korea is equipped with a Siemens SGT68000H gas turbine reaching a gross efficiency of nearly 61%. The adjacent Bugok 1 and 2 plants are in the background.
The hydrogen is circulated in the generator interior in a closed circuit by axial-flow fans arranged on the rotor shaft journals. A start-up frequency converter is used for starting the turbine generator unit, and the generator thus acts as a motor in converter mode to start the gas turbine set. The heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is a triplepressure reheat system with HP once-through Benson-type boiler and natural circulation LP/IP boiler design housed in a boiler room. The Benson boiler dispenses of the use of a big drum in the HP circuit, which makes the start-up of the HRSG quicker, the company said. Benson technology has been already used in our H-Class benchmark CCPP Ulrich Hartmann (formerly Irsching 4) in Germany, Hagedorn said. There, the steam reaches 600C in the SH and RH sections. That is the only boiler in operation worldwide reaching that temperature. In the Dangjin 3 CCPP, the live steam temperature reaches 585C with 150 bar in the SH and RH sections. Dangjin 3 is equipped with an integrated SPPA-T3000 control system that monitors the powertrain with a continuous flow of information to the plants control room. The plant features more than 3% natural gas savings per kWh compared to Dangjin 2, a savings of up to 20 000 m3/ yr of natural gas in base-load, Hagedorn said. Siemens has also been committed to the health and safety aspect during project execution. The lost time accident frequency rate (LTIFR) at Dangjin 3 registered a mere factor of 0.07 in approximately 1470 million man hours. Siemens and GS E&C involved many local companies as suppliers for components, equipment and services, which the company said makes the plant a real Korean product. South Korea has become a key market for Siemens Energy. The company said it has 4 GW of projects valued at over 4 billion lined up for the next two years, including four combined-cycle power plants with H-class technology scheduled for commissioning between 2014 and 2015. A total of seven high-efficiency SGT6-8000H gas turbines are being installed.
This market growth is emphasized by the foundation of a new regional headquarters in Seoul for the companys Energy Solutions Business. The new entity, Siemens Energy Solutions Ltd., will be responsible for the Energy Solutions Business in Asia-Pacific and the Middle East and will be headed by Rochus Bergmann, who has been with Siemens over 20 Ellwood.qxp 11/11/09 8:43 AM Page 1 years. The Seoul facility is expected to employ up to 500 people by the end of the first investment phase in 2017. A
We Manufacture and Remanufacture the Worlds Largest Engine Crankshafts

Ellwood Crankshaft Group
Irvine, PA, USA 16329 Hermitage, PA, USA 16148 1-800-247-1326 or 724-347-0250 ecgsales@elwd.com www.ellwoodcrankshaftgroup.com
INDUSTRY NEWS
BY IAN CAMERON
The Cummins Series 900 turbocharger is designed for a variety of industries including power generation, rail, marine and off-highway.
Cummins Boosts Turbo Range

Company to offer improved turbocharger efficiency; continued testing, development on waste heat turbine expander prototype
Cummins Turbo Technologies has unveiled a new addition to its range of large turbochargers for 16 L-plus engines, the Series 900. Full-scale production of the singleor two-stage turbocharger will begin in 2015 at the companys factory in Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A. The company said the Series 900 has a string of technical advances and can improve overall turbocharger efficiency for a typical application by up to 10%. The large turbochargers provide robust flexible solutions for
a variety of industries such as power generation, rail, marine and off-highway, Cummins said. The new Series 900 is a significant addition to our 800 and 1000 models and represents a big step up in efficiency, performance and reliability, said Mark Firth, executive director for product line management and marketing, Cummins Turbo Technologies. Cummins range of large turbochargers Series 800, 900 and 1000 are suitable for a wide variety of 16
to 120 L high-speed engines running at 1000 to 2000 r/min, and for power outputs up to 5 MW. Technical advances include a highefficiency turbine design, which improves fuel economy, and lead-free and special corrosion-resistant bearing systems that can help the turbocharger combat damage when it is used with aggressive fuels such as landfill gas. The shift in focus to prioritize fuel economy highlights Cummins Turbo Technologies belief that global engine and equipment manufacturers are de-
INDUSTRY NEWS
prototype of the companys waste heat turbine expander (WHTE) prototype, which captures in the form of heat what would otherwise be lost energy from a number of sources onboard the vehicle and turns it into extra mechanical (25 kW) or electrical (5 kWe) power capable of reducing vehicle fuel consumption. The company also announced that work is progressing well on its waste heat recovery turbine expander that could provide 6% annual fuel savings worth around US$4000 for heavy-duty trucks. Test work on the expander is ongoing at the companys purpose-built laboratories in Huddersfield, England, with the product expected to be commercially available from 2018. Cummins Turbo Technologies is part of the Cummins Components Group, with technical centers in Huddersfield (the companys European Technical Centre); Columbus, Indiana, U.S.A.; Pune, India; and Wuxi, China. A
Cummins is developing and testing the prototype for its waste heat turbine expander (WHTE), which will turn lost energy into mechanical or electrical power.
veloping products designed to insulate customers from rising fuel prices. Other advances include an inverse impeller design in which the designer specifies the desired flow conditions and computer software develops the blade shape using an optimized process. Aluminum or titanium wheels are available for fatigue resistance for operating/ambient conditions needing high compressor-discharge temperatures, the company said. Vaned and vaneless compressor stages, which enable the tailoring of performance for different applications and allow optimization of efficiency for either single- or twostage operation, are available. Cummins said the risk of oil leaks is reduced because of improved sealing, and a modular design provides common engine connection points for all performance variants within the Series 900 frame size. Both hose bead and bolted flange compressor housing outlet designs are being developed to meet different customer needs, the company said. V-band connections allow a high degree of housing orientation flexibility and ease of service in the field. There is also a water-cooled bearing housing, which provides a longer life for the bearing system, and an integral speed sensor providing extra engine protection and diagnostic control schemes, Cummins said. Testing and development work is also continuing on the
E960
MARINE PROpULSION
BY ROBERTA PRANDI
The new ZF 5300 PTI transmission is a hybrid-ready unit featuring an auxiliary power take-in for the electric motor.
Ready For Hybrid

ZF Marine added to hybrid-ready transmission portfolio
ZF Marine has introduced a number of hybrid-ready transmissions to address the needs of hybrid propulsion solutions in the market of fast crafts typically large motor yachts. This is especially true for hybrid gearboxes selected for the high demands on reduction of noise vibration, similar to what happens with commercial applications. The latest addition to the product portfolio is in the ZF 5000 transmission family, the ZF 5300 PTI model. Already available in the hybrid-ready version are the ZF transmissions in the 9000 family, with other families to follow soon, the company said. Andr Krner, head of product line commercial and fast craft at ZF Marine in Friedrichshafen, Germany, said that the new hybrid solutions could be installed in most marine applications.
They are ideal for crafts that spend a lot of time idling or at low speeds with occasional bursts of high speed, including yachts, ferries and offshore patrol vessels, Korner said. Hybrid-ready transmissions essentially consist of an auxiliary power take-in (PTI), where a second power input can be connected (in this case, an electric motor). The transmission can work with the input from the diesel engine or from the electric motor, Krner said. Both power inputs can also be selected together for a boost mode. Krner explained that the power input selection is done manually from the deck, but it would be easy to integrate the selection function in an automatic electronic control should the demand ever arise.
ZF Marine said it has already registered interest for its 5300 PTI hybridready transmission, which has been chosen and installed in some vessels by the Italian coast guard. We also have some contracts for yacht applications that have not yet been commissioned, Krner said. The advantages of hybrid-ready transmissions are that the vessel can be operated in electric mode at low speed, which has obvious benefits in fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions, Krner said. With the diesel engine kicking in only for full power, there is also the advantage of less maintenance for the diesel unit. The ZF 5300 PTI model is used with engines with power output up to 1700 kW and a maximum of 2600 r/min. The unit has a gear ratio of up to 5.5:1 and is available with an array of different configurations for example, nonreversible (NR) versions. Krner pointed out that the transmission is a full modular concept that allows a great degree of design freedom. The hybrid-ready solution can be retrofitted to ZF transmissions, even to units already in operation, Krner said. This is a fairly simple operation and usually takes approximately two days. According to Krner, the biggest demand for hybrid-ready solutions today comes from the market of large yachts and coast guard vessels. Although Krner said he predicts hybrid solutions will probably never be a mass market, he expects the demand to increase for megayachts, commercial vessels and some offshore patrol-type of crafts. From a geographical point of view, the demand now comes mostly from Europe, Krner said. The North American market does not seem to be very interested yet. ZF Marine said it expects to increase the number of transmissions fitted for the hybrid-ready add-on. By the end of 2014, we plan to extend our offering in the higher power range, providing solutions to cover from 800 to 2000 kW engine power output, Krner said. A
POWER GENERATION
BY DJ SLATER
The Cat G20CM34 gen-set features a natural gas reciprocating engine capable of producing 500 kW for each of its 20 cylinders.
Power On Demand
Cat natural gas reciprocating engines provide flexibility to Kansas power plant
Caterpillar is providing 12 of its G20CM34 generator sets for MidKansas Electric Co.s newly constructed power plant, Rubart Station. When fully operational in mid-2014, the facility will have the capacity to produce 110 MW of nominal power to 200 000 customers in central and western Kansas, U.S.A. Mid-Kansas said the stations construction has moved at a swift pace the company broke ground in March 2013 and was to have all the engines in place by January. Derek Seacat, Mid-Kansas project manager for Rubart Station, said that the utility has the ability if needed to mirror its current facility and add another 12 G20CM34 gen-sets to the west, bringing the total engine count to 24. At the heart of the project are Caterpillars 20-cylinder, four-stroke turbocharged G20CM34 natural gas reciprocating engines, which feature a bore and stroke of 340 x
420 mm, and a 38.1 L per cylinder displacement. The gen-set has a 500 kW per cylinder output, a mean piston speed of 10.1 m/s and a mean effective pressure of 21.9 bar. For ratings, the engine can be manufactured with 16 or 20 cylinders, and produce between 8 and 10 MW of mechanical power at 720 r/min. The G20CM34 has a rating between 7800 to 9750 kW, the company said, and measures 2.9 m wide, 13 m long and 3.3 m high, and weighs 130 000 kg. The G20CM34 engine drives a Leroy-Somer generator. The package also includes a GEA radiator, an Eaton MV switchgear, Cat electronic controls, an H+H Umwelt- und Industrietechnik GmbH SCR system and a Cat-designed Rotas base frame. This is Caterpillars newest engine platform, said Dean Powell, director of global sales and marketing for Caterpillar power plants. Its also our largest natural gas engine. What
makes this so exciting for us is that we have a customer located in the middle of a wind corridor where this technology can demonstrate how flexible and efficient it really is. After a long-term analysis study, Mid-Kansas determined that construction of Rubart Station was warranted due to a shortfall of capacity resources. We knew that there was a deficit coming at us well before we really needed to formally launch anything, said Kyle Nelson, Mid-Kansas senior vice president and chief operating officer. As it got closer, we understood that we needed to reach out to our technical partners at Burns & McDonnell to select the proper technology as well as the site. The timing worked to everyones advantage, Powell said. We became aware of Mid-Kansas preference for gen-sets in the 10 MW range and they embraced our technology and
POWER GENERATION
The 12 Cat G20CM34 gen-sets ordered by Mid-Kansas were manufactured in Rostock, Germany, and sent to Rubart Station via freight and later rail.
engineering for a better world
EN-01-002
the need for our medium-speed, natural gas reciprocating internal combustion engines. Nelson said that internal combustion engines could peak well while maintaining high efficiencies when power is needed to supplement unpredictable renewable power such as wind. While both gas turbines and reciprocating engines can create power by burning natural gas, reciprocating engines operate more efficiently at any load, Nelson said. We favor recip engines because of their flexible nature. Turbines have an efficiency curve that tends to be relatively low when the unit is at low load, and then that curve climbs fairly steeply. Reciprocating engines have an efficiency curve thats shaped very much like the torque curve on a diesel engine, so it has a steep line that climbs very quickly from essentially no load up to its maximum efficiency, and it stays very flat over its entire load range, Nelson said. An advantage of a recip engine configuration is that the power is produced by multiple engines. Instead of one 100 MW gas turbine, were getting up to 110 MW with 12 units. We operate only the engines we need, and those that are on can be operated at low loads without compromising efficiency. Powell added that reciprocating engines dont de-rate like turbines do at high temperatures and elevations. Reciprocating engines also use closed-circuit cooling, thus eliminating the water consumption common with turbines. Before passing through Rubart Stations 32.6 m exhaust stacks, NOx, CO and air pollutants will be controlled using selective catalytic reduction (SCR) as well as oxidation catalysts, Mid-Kansas said. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate emissions (PE) wont be an issue due to the quality of the natural gas from the pipeline, the company said. Additionally, the facilitys noise emissions comply with the U.S. EPA guidelines. As crew members work to meet the June 2014 commissioning deadline, Powell reflected on the potential for a new trend in power generation. The benefits of reciprocating engines are encouraging companies to embrace this technology, Powell said. In the past five years or so, weve seen more and more of these installations being added to the system. A
Big is Beautiful
OSE 120 the biggest separator of its kind: a new dimension of fuel treatment for turbine and engine power plants.
17.03. 19.03.2014 CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA L23
GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

Werner-Habig-Strae 1, 59302 Oelde, Germany Phone: +49 2522 77-0, Fax: +49 2522 77-1778 ws.info@gea.com, www.gea.com GEA Mechanical Equipment
MARINE PROpULSION
BY BO SVENSSON
The Norwegian escort tug M/T Borgy is powered by two Rolls-Royce Bergen C26:33L6PG engines operating on gas fuel only.
LNG-Powered Escort Tugs

Norway continues to be playground for gas-fueled offshore support vessel; sister vessel to begin service in spring
Norwegian shipping company Buksr og Berging said its escort tug M/T Borgy is the worlds first tug to be fueled by liquid natural gas (LNG). The tug was designed by the companys in-house team, assisted by Marine Design AS in Norway, and will be operated by Gassco for Statoil at the Krst terminal. It is the first of two tugs developed by Sanmars shipyard in Istanbul for the Norwegian shipping company the M/T Borgy completed its sea trials successfully and began its maiden voyage in January; and the second Buksr og Berging tug is planned to sail in mid-April. The gas engines, propulsion package and LNG system have been delivered by Rolls-Royce. Two Rolls-Royce Bergen C26:33L6PG main engines each supply 1705 kW of power at 1000 r/min. Rolls-Royce said this engine
type is the only engine in the market built for operation on 100% gas fuel only. The engines are equipped with exhaust silencers with spark arrestors, and cooling is achieved by plate-type heat exchangers. Rolls-Royce also provided two US35 CP azimuth thrusters with four-blade controllable pitch propellers, each with a diameter of 3000 mm and made from cunial, a high-strength, corrosion-resistant alloy of copper, nickel and aluminium. The bow thrusters are Schottel SPJ 82 all-direction thrusters capable of providing 333 kW. Additionally, two diesel fuel generation sets per vessel have been delivered by the Danish company Nordhavn. The engines are Scania Desel GASI 12-07-10-60G engines, each producing 240 kW at 400 V, 50 Hz. The use of LNG eliminates sulfur emissions, bringing particulate mat-
ter (PM) emissions down to almost zero, the company said. The discharge of CO2 and NOx is reduced by 26% and 80 to 90%, respectively. The new hull and propulsion system of the tug will achieve up to 20% higher thrust efficiency compared to standard designs, Rolls-Royce said. The vessel offers a bollard pull of 68 tonnes with a maximum service speed of 13.5 knots. Rolls-Royce said an increased availability of LNG and growing public awareness of the gas fuel is driving its use for a variety of vessels, particularly gas driven tug boats. Rolls-Royce has closed contracts with the Turkish Sanmar Shipyard for the supply of azimuth thrusters for another 12 new tug boats for various shipping companies. To date, the Sanmar Shipyard has built 50 tugs equipped with Rolls-Royce thrusters. A
FEATURED PRODUCTS
SUPER-, ULTRAFINE POWDERs

Solvay Specialty Polymers has introduced its new superfine powder (SFP) and ultrafine powder (UFP) grades of Keta Spire polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for water-borne coatings, powder coatings and resin preimpregnation of continuous fiber composites. These new KetaSpire PEEK powders provide strength, durability and chemical resistance for applications including chemical processing, oil and gas, semiconductor, transportation and other industrial uses, the company said. Solvays superfine PEEK powder offering includes KetaSpire KT-880 SFP, a high-flow grade, and KetaSpire KT-820 SFP, a low-flow version. The ultrafine PEEK powder line includes KetaSpire KT-880 UFP, a high-flow grade, and Keta-Spire KT-820 UFP, a low-flow material. All four grades are unreinforced and supplied in a natural color. www.solvay.com
The TS4000H is compatible with the HART communications protocol for uniform and consistent communication without disturbing the integrity of the 4 to 20 mA analog signal, and is also available in a Modbus configuration and with three 8 A relays.All of the electronics are contained within an explosion-proof housing so that sensor information can be processed at the sensor site. www.generalmonitors.com
GAUgE PROBEs
Alliance Sensors Group, a division of HG Schaevitz LLC, has released a line of spring-extend AC-LVDT-based dimensional gauging probes (pencil probes) for QC metrology, X-Y tables and test stands. These dimensional gauging probes are regularly used with Gage R&R and CpK data collection to insure quality and for use with six-sigma QA programs, the company said. With three ranges available, the DGP
GAs DETECTOR
LVDT probes are manufactured with precision ground bearings and come standard with an 8 mm diameter plain outer body with an optional sleeve available to increase the OD to 9.5 mm either plain or partly threaded. The 2-m long axial shielded cable is strain relieved and can be quickly converted to a radial cable outlet with a rightangle cable adapter that is included with a probe. www.alliancesensors.com continued on page 39
Eliminate bolting problems
The TS4000H intelligent toxic gas detector from General Monitors is IECEx approved, meaning that it is in compliance with international safety standards for explosive environments.The TS4000H offers protection against a wide range of hazardous industrial gases and is able to safeguard against oxygen deficiency, the company said. The TS4000H offers many features including event logging, a visible LED and an indicator for remaining sensor life, according to General Monitors.
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MARINE PROpULSION
BY BO SVENSSON
Wrtsil Targets Future Fuel

By 2020, company envisages more than 25% of ordered vessels could be designed to run on gas fuel
Wrtsil has successfully conducted full scale testing of its low-speed two-stroke, dual-fuel engine, establishing its basic performance and technological advantages.
Wrtsil has successfully conducted full-scale testing of gas on its lowspeed, two-stroke, dual-fuel engine and is introducing a full range of engines based on its established lowpressure technology. The company said the first engine utilizing this technology would be available for delivery in the third quarter of 2014. Other engines from the companys Generation X series will follow and will be available for delivery during 2015 and 2016. The RT-flex50DF engine operates according to the Otto process and in a premixed, lean-burn mode. The low-pressure gas is admitted at midstroke of the cylinder and ignited by a pilot fuel burner in a prechamber. There is also an option to use heavy fuel oil (HFO) for pilot fuel.
An electronically controlled fuel injection system is fed from a common rail gas fuel system, with two gas admission valves serving each cylinder. These valves are hydraulically actuated and powered by the oil servo system of the exhaust valves. The engine has a cylinder bore of 500 mm with a stroke of 2050 mm. The speed of the engine will be in the 99 to 124 r/min range and the mean effective pressure is 17.3 bar. The engine will be offered in five- to eightcylinder versions. The engine control and automation system is based on the Wrtsil UNIC system, while control of combustion related parameters is individual for each cylinder in order to provide an optimized engine performance. The entire portfolio of Wrtsil
two-stroke engines will be available as low pressure dual-fuel (DF) versions. The benefits of this technology are significant, said Ingemar Nylund, technology director, Wrtsil. Compared to other technologies, studies show that Wrtsils low pressure DF engines offer capital expenditure (CAPEX) reductions of 15 to 20%. This is achieved through a substantially simpler and lower-cost LNG and gas handling system operating at low pressures, and by the fact that no exhaust gas cleaning systems are needed to meet future emissions regulations. On the operating expenditure (OPEX) side, the company said significant gains will be achieved with its technology there is no need to operate a high-pressure gas compression system external to the engine onboard the vessel and NOx abatement systems are not required. Wrtsil also said that the maximum rating of an Otto engine is lower than for a diesel technology engine due to limitations caused by knocking/preignition. This limitation would in some cases require an additional cylinder for an Otto engine in order to reach a specified output. The new engines are IMO Tier 3 emissions-compliant in gas mode, and the minimum Tier 2 level is achieved with liquid fuel. The company said that due to the low pressure DF technology, NOx levels are below IMO Tier 3 without any exhaust gas aftertreatment. CO2, SOx and particulates emissions are also reduced while operating on a gas fuel. The methane slip is higher for an Otto engine than for a diesel technology engine, and Wrtsil said that direct methane slip could be avoided by correct gas admission valve timing and by a complete combustion
MARINE PROpULSION
the case with other technologies, Nylund said. Moreover, the consumption of pilot fuel is approximately just 1% of the total fuel amount, much lower than with other technologies. The DF engine provides for a gradual, speed-controlled transfer from liquid to gas fuel within a load range of 5 to 85%. The switch from gas to liquid fuel is instant on any load up to 100%, while engine speed and load remain stable during a transfer, the company said. The engine is started on liquid fuel and transferred to gas fuel when idling and at low load. During a voyage, the engine continues to operate on gas fuel, including manoeuvring and slow speed operation. Transferring to liquid is always done before stops. The benefits of the dual-fuel technology for two-stroke engines are significant, giving virtually all vessel types the ability to use gas and LNG as primary fuel, said Martin Wernli, vice president, two-stroke, Wrtsil Ship Power. The company said that extensive testing has established the engines basic performance and confirmed the technological advantages. Wrtsil is currently in the process of finalizing the documentation for the first of the new series of engines, the Wrtsil RTflex50DF. Preparations for Classification Society approvals are underway. Wrtsils next steps and targets are to finalize the engine testing of the RT-flex 50DF engine and the release of the engine performance data. The factory acceptance testing of the pilot engine is planned during 2014, with commercial operation in 2015. The application of natural gas as a widely accepted fuel for merchant shipping is likely to become a reality in the near future, Nylund said. We expect the environmental benefits and attractive pricing that gas offers to drive demand, resulting in increased market share for gas fuel. By 2020, we envisage more than a quarter of the ordered vessels could be designed to run on gas fuel. A
The Wrtsil RT-flex50DF engine works according to the Otto process and will be offered in five- to eight-cylinder versions.
process resulting from the prechamber technology. An optimized combustion volume is important to avoid dead volumes. Our technology allows stable operation on gas across the entire load range, meaning that at low loads, there is no need to switch to diesel fuel as is
STRUCTURAL REPAIRS
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
ul. 28 Czerwca 1956r nr 223/229 61-485 Pozna / POLAND tel: +48 61 831 1261 fax: +48 61 831 1591 www.service.hcp.com.pl
H.Cegielski-SERVICE has specialized for many years in repairs of cracks (STRUCTURAL REPAIRS) occurred during the operation in different elements of 2-stroke engine structure. Such complex and sophisticated repairs guarantee the engine trouble-free operation in the future - to such a conclusion enables - trouble-free repairs carried out by us on about 60 engines. Our experience is the result of decades of practice in the production of engines under license from Sulzer/Wrtsil and B&W/MAN. Welding works on the vessel are carried out by highly experienced and qualified welders, certified by Classification Societies. Our carried out repairs can be classified in three groups: I.Welding repairs of engine bed plates. Repairs are being made in 1 / damage (cracks) and casting defects in girders castings 2 / cracks formed in the engine transverse plates (Fig. 1) II. Welding repairs of A-frames. Repairs are being made in: 1 / cracks in welds of ring hubs, fixing the camshaft drive and the integral of 2nd order balancer (Fig. 2) 2 / cracks in transverse middle plates. 3 / cracks in welds fixing the crosshead guides. 4 / cracks in welds fixing box of camshaft drive. 5 / cracks in welds and sheet metal supports on which injection pumps are installed. III. Other structures in the engine. These are cracks in the scavenging air receiver, exhaust pipe system supports, turbochargers supports, etc.
I F YO U H AV E A P R O B L E M P L E A S E C O N TA C T U S
H.Cegielski-SERVICE can carry out the structural repairs from the development of a special repair technology, through the supervision of the repairs on board of the vessel, up to the execution of welding works by welders from H.Cegielski-SERVICE including delivery of welding equipment and supplies of needed materials such as metal sheets and electrodes. For each repair case there is developed the INDIVIDUAL AND SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY, approved by Classification Society before start of the repair. Our company is SPECIALIZED in PROFESSIONAL SERVICES on MARINE & STATIONARY (2-stroke & 4-stroke) DIESEL ENGINES (as maintenance, repair, overhauling, timing, pneumatic/control systems overhauling etc), also we develop NEW SOLUTIONS on ENGINES such as: CSR Pack - improving the operation of piston-cylinder liner units; EIAPP, or SLOW STAMING. We supply also spare parts.
POWER GENERATION
Expanding Proven Solution

Upgraded GE advanced gas path technology marks first of its kind in both gas turbine class sizes
GE has expanded its highperformance advanced gas path (AGP) portfolio to its 9F-3 and 9E gas turbine customers operating in Asian energy markets and around the globe. The AGP technology marks the first of its kind available for comparably sized gas turbine assets in both classes, the company said. Our customers demand high levels of flexibility and performance to remain competitive in both growing and mature energy markets around the world, said Fintan Tuffy, general manager of Fleet Analytics & Performance Management for GEs Power Generation Services business. Asian power generation entities are expected to experience the worlds highest regional demand growth for power over the next several decades. This AGP solution can enable our customers with existing gas turbines in rapidly growing economies to expand their power capacities without investing in new infrastructure, or to complement new power plant construction.
GEs 9F-3 (shown here) and 9E gas turbine advanced gas path technology was adapted from GEs 7F-3 AGP and features hardware design and component materials improvements.
The company said that across Asia, average energy demand growth is estimated at 3.7% annually through 2030, with Southeast Asian demand potentially expanding nearly 90% over the same period. According to GE, more than 120 AGP systems have been sold and 37 upgrades are already in operation or soon will be on GE 7F-3 gas turbines around the globe. In 2012, Korea Southern Power Co. Ltd. installed two AGP systems at its Pusan plant to generate 25 MW of additional power needed for its growing electricity demand. TransCanada Energy Ltd.s Ravenswood power plant in New York, U.S.A., expanded its output by 7% with the AGP solution, enough to power 10 000 additional households in New York City by upgrading just one gas turbine, the company said. Trans-
Canadas MacKay River cogeneration facility in Alberta, Canada, has used AGP technology to improve its operational availability to support its customers nearly 24/7 manufacturing cycle. The site has also maintained its low emissions footprint to remain aligned with Albertas clean energy policies. Calpine Corp.s Los Medanos and Pastoria plants in California, U.S.A., and Westbrook facility in Maine, U.S.A., have experienced a 5.5% output increase since installing AGP technology on six GE gas turbines. Calpine said it has also experienced an approximately 1% improvement in site heat rates, which has better positioned the plants to bid more competitively for power demand as well as capitalize on opportunities to capture additional revenue. Iberdrola, a private power generation
POWER GENERATION
company in Mexico, installed AGP upgrades on eight units at its Tamazunchale and Altamira V plants to better manage operational costs, including fuel consumption. Iberdrola said the output gained from the upgrades has enabled it to increase its operational revenue by winning more bids for power in the region. In 2014, the Chia Hui Power Station in Taiwan will install AGP technology on three gas turbines to improve the plants heat rate, positioning it to be more competitive and efficient long-term amid higher fuel prices, the company said. GEs 9F-3 and 9E gas turbine AGP technology was adapted from GEs 7F-3 AGP solution, the company said, and the advancements feature hardware design and materials improvements to the components of GEs gas turbine hot gas path system. The AGP solution is offered through GEs FlexEfficiency Advantage for F-Class gas turbines and LifeMax Advantage for B/E-Class gas turbine platforms. The company said that customers with an installed asset such as the 9F-3 can expect depending on gas turbine frame type and configuration an output increase of up to 6%, a fuel efficiency increase up to 2%, and maintenance intervals as long as 32 000 hours, extending outage intervals up to 33%. For an asset like the 9E turbine, GE said its customers can expect depending on gas turbine frame type and configuration an output increase of up to 3.8%, a fuel efficiency increase up to 0.9%, and maintenance intervals as long as 32 000 hours/1200 starts, extending outage intervals up to 33%. ENKA, which generates more than 13% of Turkeys electricity, has placed the first order for GEs 9F-3 AGP technology for 10 of its gas turbines at the Gebze, Adapa zmir power plants. The zar and I upgrades are expected to deliver a total of up to 150 MW of additional power, enough to generate electricity for more than 200 000 additional households. ENKA said it also expects to lower its emissions footprint with the installation of the AGP solution in tandem with GEs Dry Low NOx (DLN) 2.6+ combustion system upgrade. Installation of the technologies is scheduled to begin in late 2015, with a targeted completion date of 2018 for all 10 gas turbine upgrades. The performance improvements this solution delivers to our plants will allow us to maximize the value of the energy we provide through power purchase agreements, said ENKA O&M Chairman, Tahsin Ksem. With demand increases being forecasted across Turkey, this collaborative effort will put our sites in a better position with more available power and flexibility for electricity markets. Additionally, this project increases ENKAs contribution to help meet the Turkey 2023 Vision, which contains goals of increasing efficiency and lowering the countrys carbon footprint. A
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ELECTRIC POWER EXECUTIVE CONFERENCE

NOVEMBER 18-19, 2014 | LAS VEGAS, NV
BY BO SVENSSON
Low Emissions For Heat And Power

Siemens Energy will build plant in Poland to be fueled by nitrogen-rich gas; Russia order to supply power to LNG plant
An architectural layout of the Gorzw, Poland, power plant to be built by Siemens under a turnkey contract.
The Polish energy utility PGE GiEK S.A. has contracted with Siemens to build a turnkey combined heat and power (CHP) plant in Poland. The plant will be built in the western Poland city of Gorzw Wielkopolski. The order value for Siemens, including a long-term service agreement for the main components, is approximately 160 million. The plant will have an electric capacity of 138 MW and a thermal capacity of 90 MW. Commissioning is planned for early 2016. Siemens said the Gorzw plant will reach a fuel efficiency rating of 84% and is to replace a currently used coalfired block at the same location. The combined-cycle power plant with district heat extraction will generate electricity in a much more efficient and environmentally friendly manner, the company said. Compared to the old coal-fired power plant, the new plant
will produce 95% less sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, 30% less nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions and 95% less particulate matter (PM) emissions. Within the scope of turnkey construction, Siemens will deliver two SGT-800 gas turbines, one SST-400 steam turbine, three 11 kV generators and two heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs). In addition, Siemens was awarded a 12-year maintenance agreement for the gas turbines. The Gorzw plant will be fired with nitrogen-rich natural gas from gas reserves located in western Poland. This type of gas has a much lower calorific value in this case approximately 50% than conventional natural gas. Another contract recently made public by Siemens is the Yamal liquefied natural gas (LNG) production plant in Northern Russia. Siemens will deliver the key components for the power sta-
tion that will supply the future LNG plant with electricity and heat. The Siemens scope of supply comprises the design, manufacture, factory testing, delivery, installation and commissioning of eight SGT-800 industrial gas turbines, as well as nine step-up transformers. Four of these gas turbines will also be equipped with waste heat recovery units. The power plant will have an electrical output of 376 MW. The order has been placed by the Russian engineering company Technopromexport (TPE), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Rostec State Corp. Yamal LNG is a key project for Siemens, said Adil Toubia, CEO of Siemens Energy Oil & Gas Division. It is the biggest single order so far for this type of gas turbine, and for the future we see a quite promising market, particularly in Russia. A
LITERATURE LIBRARY
IGNiTiON PRODUCTS
PLANETARY GEAR
GAS TURbiNES
IGNiTiON CONTROLLERS
The 2014 edition of BG Corp.s ignition products catalog is available. Products covered include adapters, gaskets, spark plugs and turbine components. The company caters to industrial gas reciprocating and turbine engine users through a worldwide distribution network. www.bgservice.com
Voith Turbo has released a brochure on its Vorecon variable-drive planetary gear. One section is dedicated to the Vorecon product for variable speed drive applications in the power range from 1 to 50 MW for thermal power plants. Other sections describe the planetary gears functions and capabilities. www.voith.com
Saturn Gas Turbines has published a brochure on its capabilities. The company manufactures gas turbine generators and power plants, combinedcycle power plants, gas compressor sets, gas reciprocating gen-sets and equipment for heat and nuclear power plants. www.saturn-gt.ru
Motortech has released literature on its MIC3, MIC4 and MIC5 ignition controllers. All three controllers feature adjustable spark duration and intensity, constant spark intensity through adjusted duration, ignition diagnostics and an integrated CANopen and Modbus RTU interface. www.motortech.de
SpECiALTY FASTENERS & COMpONENTS
MOTOR BEARiNG PROTECTiON
Literature from Sanborn provides details on the companys specialty fasteners and components for gas, steam and water turbines and generators; locomotive and rolling stock; and pressure vessels, gas compressors and pumps. Specifications, photos and technical details are included. www.sanborn.cz
A handbook from Electro Static Technology, the manufacturer of Aegis shaft grounding rings, describes the best practices for protecting motor bearings from electrical damage. The handbook is suited for plant maintenance personnel and motor repair shops. www.est-aegis.com/bearing
Two GE 7F 5-series gas turbines will enable the Salem Harbor Station to support renewable energy sources by adding 300 MW to the grid within 10 minutes.
Replacing Coal
Massachusetts power plant to replace coal and oil-fired power with combined-cycle natural gas facility
GE announced an agreement with Footprint Power to provide the Salem Harbor Station in Massachusetts, U.S.A., with a combined-cycle 674 MW natural gas facility to replace the existing coal- and oil-fired power facility. Footprint Power, which was formed in 2009 to identify opportunities for the repowering or repurposing of older fossil fuel-fired generation facilities, said that the plant will address local reliability needs, reduce regional emissions and facilitate the introduction of the renewable resources Massachusetts requires to meet greenhouse gas emissions reduction goals. It will do this while occupying just 8.1 hectares of the 26.3-hectare site and maximizing the land available for future, nonpower uses. For the US$200 million power
equipment contract, GE will supply its FlexEfficiency 60 technology, which includes two GE 7F 5-series gas turbines, D-series steam turbines, a simplified H26 generator, and an advanced heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), all controlled by GEs Mark Vle integrated control system (ICS). The plant will also use air-cooled condensers, eliminating the use of hundreds of millions of L/d of water from Salem Harbor for once-through cooling. GE said the plant would include the first Rapid Response power island to be deployed in New England. This capability will enable the plant to add 300 MW of power to the grid within 10 minutes, supporting the continued deployment of wind and other renewable energy sources.
The plant will have the capability to turn down during off-peak hours, eliminating the extra fuel and emissions output associated with a plant start-up. The company said it projects a 10% reduction in NOx emissions, 8% in SO2 emissions, and 6% in mercury (Hg) emissions; reductions resulting from retirement of the existing coal and oil facility are not counted in these totals. The existing coal- and oil-fired Salem Harbor Station will shut down at the end of May 2014, and GEs equipment will ship in late 2014/ early 2015. To reduce the impact on area residents, heavy equipment will be delivered by boat rather than via streets in local neighborhoods. Commercial operation is planned for June 2016, the company said. A
FEATURED PRODUCTS
HONING MAChINES
in replacement for traditional vibration transmitter units because it uses the same loop power and 4 to 20 mA output. www.imi-sensors.com
BEARINGS
Key features include interchangeable components; FRAM-Clench, an inner and outer clenched liner that provides a mechanical lock without damaging the liner surface; and FRAM-Bead, a technology that maximizes dust-release space to prolong the life of the filter, according to the company. www.framindustrial.com
FLUId ENdS
Rottler Manufacturing has released its H70A Series CNC vertical honing machines, which allow complete engine blocks (inline and V-blocks) to be honed automatically and unattended. The H75A is designed for small to midsize engines and has capacity to hone up to 187 mm diameter. The machine has capacity to hone the smallest to large sixcylinder inline diesel blocks up to 1.4 m long. Rottler said the H75 has 965 mm of X-axis travel on linear slideways, so that large blocks with cylinder bore centers up to 965 mm apart can be honed. The H76A is designed for small to largesize engines and has capacity to hone up to 305 mm diameter including large cylinder liners up to 254 mm diameter. www.rottlermfg.com
BEARING FAULT DETECTOR

IMI Sensors launched the bearing fault detector PLUS, a new sensor designed to monitor rolling element bearings and provide a 4 to 20 mA signal to plant monitoring and control systems for early fault alarms. The model 649A03 contains an accelerometer and 4 to 20 mA transmitter in a single housing and has multiple specialized outputs. When used with a control system, these outputs provide an early warning of bearing defects such as cracked races, brinelling, looseness and spalling. The bearing fault detector PLUS is ideal in applications with critical rotating machinery requiring continuous monitoring, the company said. It is also a simple drop-
Graphite Metallizing Corp. has released its Graphalloy bearings and wear rings, which are designed to address pumping problems caused by low viscosity, light hydrocarbon liquids such as natural gas liquids (NGL), LNGs and CO2. Graphalloy bearings are used in horizontal and vertical pumps. The non-galling, self-lubricating features of Graphalloy allow pumps to continue working even when experiencing run-dry, flashing or cavitation, the company said. According to Graphite Metallizing Corp., light hydrocarbons can be difficult for metallic bearings because the hydrodynamic film provided by these low lubricity fluids is unable to provide enough lubrication, which can lead to metalon-metal contact, galling or seizing of the pump. www.graphalloy.com
Caterpillar Global Petroleum announced the addition of stainless-steel fluid ends to the Cat XD line of well stimulation pumps and fluid ends. These fluid ends are compatible with all Cat XD Series components. Benefits of the stainless-steel fluid ends include improved corrosion resistance, reduced incidents of cracking due to corrosion, and improved durability, the company said. www.catoilandgasinfo.com
TEmPERATURE MEASUREmENT SYSTEm

Photon Control Inc., a provider of precision measurement products, has released the PalmSense2, a portable, handheld fiber optic temperature measurement system. The PalmSense2 is designed for measurement in high temperature RF environments or EMI applications in labs and field service. The portable nature of the device, as well as its 24-hour battery life (in continuous use mode), gives the user freedom to move when taking measurements. The PalmSense2 features a temperature range up to 450C, accuracy of 0.05C (probe dependent), and resolution of 0.01C. The PalmSense2 can be paired with both contact and immersion temperature measurement probes. www.photon-control.com
TURbINE FILTERS
Champion Laboratories (Europe) Ltd. has launched its FRAM Industrial E10 filter line designed for gas turbines. Featuring a 100% synthetic media constructed from polyester and polyethylene, the filter has been independently tested and certified to EN1822:2009.
INDUSTRY NEWS
BY IAN CAMERON
A group of VariFuel2 air/fuel ratio mixers from Motortech.
Double Debut From Motortech

Controller, mixer for small and mid-sized gas engines; company also launched handheld device for monitoring spark plug voltage
Motortech has launched new products to its portfolio: an ignition controller and an air/fuel ratio mixer. Headquartered in Celle, Germany, the company has extended its range of high-end ignition controllers with two new series. The first is the MIC3, which has 12 ignition outputs and 200 mJ of primary energy for small and mid-sized gas engines. The second is the MIC5 with 20 ignition outputs and 500 mJ of primary energy for engines above 500 kW. Motortech said that high ignition energy, accurate spark timing and diversified online diagnostics help to improve engine efficiency, spark plug life and availability of the equipment under the strict emissions regulations. The controller is fully customer configurable via a laptop. Motortech has also extended its VariFuel2 air/fuel ratio mixer series with two new sizes to cover, or respectively overlap, a greater range of
application areas. The main task of the gas mixer is to mix the fuel (gas) and air so that the gas engine achieves optimal combustion. The VariFuel2 is a high-tech variable Venturi-type mixer that can constantly adjust to any fuel changes and allows the engine to operate at its most efficient point, the company said. The Series 100, 140, 200 and 250 are available for engines with an air requirement up to 5000 m3/h. Coupled to an air/fuel ratio controller, lean-burn or stoichiometric, it precisely regulates the mixture and is suitable for applications with constant changes in calorific value of fuel, Motortech said. The mixer is suitable for use with nearly all gas types including natural, biogas, landfill, sewage, wood, wellhead or mine, and it employs a highprecision stepper motor drive with a reprogrammable controller board called VariStep. Various flow bodies
and flexible inlet and outlet configurations allow fully flexible cross section adjustment. The decisive optimization parameters are a high degree of efficiency and low emissions that comply with relevant regulations, Motortech said. In the VariFuel2, gas and air are mixed based on the Venturi effect, which produces an underpressure at the narrowest point, sucking the gas in through the gas inlet and releasing it at the Venturi outlet. Based on different design sizes and flow bodies in the nozzle, it is possible to achieve various volume flows, the company said. Motortech also recently launched a handheld device called Sparkview, which monitors the high voltage required by the spark plug when firing and supports gas engine mechanics when troubleshooting engine problems or going through preventive maintenance procedures. A
OVERHAUL, SERVICE & REPAIR
BY BO SVENSSON
NEWsMAKERs
CHROMALLOY: Chromalloy appointed
Jason Humphries as its business development director. Humphries, a turbine industry executive and technical expert, will lead new component repair developments for turbine engine manufacturers and operators for the companys Carson City, Nevada, U.S.A., and Mexicali, Mexico, operations. Chromalloys Carson City and Mexico operations provide a wide range of manufacturer and operator repairs on hotsection engine components. Humphries overall leadership success includes P&L management, operations, compliance, sales and marketing, finance and supply chain with a number of companies providing engine repair and manufacturing services to the aerospace and energy markets.
J. Humphries
Close-up of the damaged crankcase door (left), caused by a connecting rod failure on a Yanmar 6N18-UN, six-cylinder auxiliary diesel engine. The metal stitching repair (right) on the engine block was carried out at the Goltens workshop in Shanghai, China.
Stitching An Engine
Class-approved repair meets vessels schedule
During a bulk carriers five-year dry docking in China for special inspection, the superintendent approached Goltens Shanghai to carry out a repair on the 14-year-old vessels Yanmar 6N18-UN, six-cylinder auxiliary diesel engine. The Yanmar engine suffered a broken connecting rod, which resulted in serious damage to the engine block and the crankshaft. Disassembly and reassembly of the engine was done by the ships crew, while Goltens did the specialist metal stitching, line boring and crankshaft repair work. The company said it was experienced in this type of repair and, once Yanmars authorization was received, provided a repair procedure, approved by Class. Goltens said it immediately mobilized two teams to repair the engine block and complete the crankshaft grinding. The work was done on a two-shift basis in order to meet the vessels schedule. Goltens also invited the technical advisor and Class surveyor to observe and approve the repair process. The scope of Goltens repair work on the Yanmar engine began with a complete cleaning and inspection of the engine block as well
as a complete cleaning and inspection of the crankshaft at the workshop, the company said. The repair of the badly damaged crankcase door by metal stitching was carried out at Goltens workshop in Shanghai, China, as were laser alignment checks and line boring of the main bearing pockets. The crankshaft, which had been bent during the engine accident, was straightened and all crankpin journals were bench grinded to undersize 0.40 mm. Seven sets of new bearings were supplied to fit the crankpin journals. All main journals were polished and two damaged counterweights and bolts were replaced, the company said. Once the repair was done, a dynamic balancing test on the crankshaft was completed, after which safety protection was applied to the engine block and crankshaft for transportation back to the vessel. Goltens technicians completed the full scope of the job in just five days so as not to interfere with the customers sailing schedule, said Sandeep Seth, vice president, Goltens Asia. Class approved the repair and the owners were satisfied with the timely performance of our service team. A
WOOD GROUP GTS: Wood Group GTS has appointed Mike Fisher as president of its U.S. oil, gas M. Fisher and industrial services (OGIS) business. This is a new position for the Houston, Texas, U.S.A.-based business that provides maintenance, repair and overhaul for Solar Mars, Saturn 10, Centaur 40, Centaur 50 and Taurus 60 gas turbines, which are used primarily by the oil & gas industry. Fisher joined Wood Group in 2005, working initially in Venezuela where he managed a two-year project to increase the reliability, performance and uptime of the Solar and Siemens turbine fleets on Lake Maracaibo for PDVSA, the Venezuelan national oil company. MONICO: Monico Inc. has promoted Bill Dicken to manager Technical Support. Dicken will manage the day-to-day activities of the technical support department, which includes phone support, field service and the completion of special configuration projects. Dicken has 17 years of experience working with Rolls-Royce engines, with 12 spent in customer service for aviation gas turbine engines.
INDUSTRY DRiVERS
ROLLS-ROYCE
Rolls-Royce Power Systems AG is the new corporate name for the former Tognum AG. Since March 2013, the specialist for large engines, propulsion systems and distributed energy systems has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Rolls-Royce plc and Daimler AG, each of which has a 50% shareholding in the company via a joint venture. MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH is the main subsidiary of a group of companies within the Rolls-Royce sphere that have been consolidated. The product portfolio includes MTU brand high-speed engines and propulsion systems for ships and heavy land, rail and defense vehicles, and for the oil and gas industry. Under the MTU Onsite Energy brand, the company markets diesel gen-sets for emergency, base-load and peak-load applications, in addition to cogeneration plants for combined heat and power (CHP) generation based on gas engines or gas turbines. The Norwegian subsidiary Bergen Engines manufactures mediumspeed engines for marine and power generation applications. LOrange rounds off the portfolio with fuel injection systems for large engines. The regional companies will also operate with immediate effect under new names. Tognum America Inc., based in Novi, Michigan, U.S.A., will now operate as MTU America Inc. The company is responsible for the manufacture, development, sales and service of MTU engines, propulsion and drive systems, and MTU Onsite Energy distributed energy systems in North and Latin America. The company also maintains manufacturing facilities in Aiken, South Carolina, U.S.A., and Mankato, Minnesota, U.S.A. Tognum Asia Pte Ltd., which is based in Singapore, will now operate as MTU Asia Pte Ltd.
structed by a consortium with Wrtsil and PT Pembangunan Perumahan (Persero) Tbk (PT PP), one of Indonesias largest construction contractors. The Pesanggaran power plant will be powered by 12 Wrtsil 50DF dual-fuel engines running primarily on natural gas. The engines can also use conventional heavy fuel oil (HFO) should there be an interruption to the gas supply, the company said. The power plant is scheduled to be partially operational by the end of December and at full output by the end of May 2015. The electricity produced will be fed to the island of Balis subsystem grid.
by a MAN B&W 8S70ME-GI8.2 main engine and three MAN 9L28/32DF auxiliary engines. The ConRo ships with container Lift-On/Lift-Off (LO/LO) and Roll-On/ Roll-Off (RO/RO) will be built by VT Halter Marine Inc. of Pascagoula, Mississippi, U.S.A. The vessels will be named the El Coqu and the Tano, and are scheduled for delivery in the second and fourth quarters of 2017, respectively.
CAPSTONE TURBINE
WRTSIL
Wrtsil has received the turnkey contract to supply Indonesias largest ever engine-based power plant. The order, received in the fourth quarter of 2013, has been placed by PT Indonesia Power, a subsidiary of the state utility PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN). The 200 MW power plant will be con-
Capstone Turbine Corp. received multiple orders totaling 6.4 MW from E-Finity Distributed Generation Capstones exclusive oil and gas distributor for the Marcellus and Utica Shale plays for its microturbines to be used for oil and gas operations. One of the current customers is expanding an existing gas transmission station in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. The combined heat and power (CHP) system consisting of three C65 ICHP units will be replaced with a Capstone C800 (800 kW) power package and a heat recovery system, producing 4 million BTUs of hot water. The hot water will be used for heating fuel gas for the compressors and building heat, alleviating the need for ancillary equipment. Another repeat customer purchased multiple C1000 (1 MW) packages to replace aging reciprocating engine-driven generators, reducing the overall footprint in their existing facilities. A new order came from a midstream company that selected a C800 as the three-phase power source for a new compression facility. Due to the construction schedule and location, the company said that utility grid power was not an option.
The double-hulled vessels, which will be two of the worlds first LNG-powered ConRo ships, are designed to travel at speeds up to 22 knots. They will measure 219.5 m long, 32.3 m wide (beam), have a deep draught of 10 m and a deadweight capacity of 26 500 tonnes. Cargo capacity will be 2400 TEU, with additional space for nearly 400 vehicles. Crowley said the ships will meet or exceed all regulatory requirements and have the CLEAN notation, which requires limitation of operational emissions and discharges, as well as the Green Passport, both issued by classification society Det Norske Veritas (DNV).
YARA INTERNATIONAL
Yara International ASA has acquired H+H Umwelt-und-Industrietechnik GmbH, which designs and produces selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems for secondary NOx (nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide) reduction in marine and stationary land engines. Yara said the acquisition has strengthened its position as a leader in emissions control for ships, industrial plants and heavy-duty vehicles, and will enable it to become the only company able to produce both major secondary NOx aftertreatment equipment and the nitrogen-based reagents urea and ammonia needed to operate them.
MAN DIESEL & TURBO
Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.A.based Crowley Maritime Corp., a marine solutions, transportation and logistics company, has placed an order for two ConRo ships, each to be powered
MARINE PROpULSION
BY BO SVENSSON
The MAN B&W S90ME-GI engine uses the diesel cycle to maintain high efficiency while avoiding the severe derating, large methane slip, temperature and fuel-quality de-rating, and load ramps of other systems.
Saying Aloha To Green Ship

Diesel-principal engines suited to navigate into Hawaiis smaller ports
Matson Navigation Co. Inc., a subsidiary of Matson Inc., has placed an order for two 3600 TEU container ships, each powered by one MAN B&W 7S90ME-GI dual-fuel engine. The deal includes an option for three additional vessels. MAN said the 7S90ME-GI engine is the largest dual-fuel engine ever ordered in terms of power output, developing 42.7 MW. The engines and pertaining systems will be manufactured by MAN Diesel & Turbos licensee, Hyundai, and will be capable of using heavy fuel oil (HFO), marine diesel oil (MDO) or liquid natural gas (LNG) as fuel.
We view this order as yet another significant step in the adoption of its dual-fuel technology by the marine market, said Ole Groene, senior vice president, Low-Speed Sales and Promotions, MAN Diesel & Turbo. The ME-GI has a number of inherent characteristics that we feel gives it a strong advantage in the market. Primarily, in contrast to the other dual- or triple-fuel engines on the market, it is a diesel technology engine. Simply said, engines that operate according to the diesel principle have a higher efficiency and power concentration than those follow-
ing the Otto principle. Furthermore, concerning aftertreatment, a diesel engines performance benefits from NOx control both in regard to liquid and gas fuels, and within Tier 2 as well as Tier 3 areas. MAN said that since the 7S90MEGI uses the diesel cycle in order to maintain high efficiency, there is no need for de-rating when operating on LNG. Consequently, the engine has the same output running on HFO or LNG, while de-rating is common for engines operating according to the Otto principle, the company said. The company also said that the engine, by virtue of its diesel operating principle, would have negligible methane slip and no need for restrictive load ramps or other knock-preventing measures. We have put high focus on the
MARINE PROpULSION
safety of MANs dual-fuel gas technology, Groene said. Due to compact, double-wall, gas-fuel pipes in the engine room and on the engine itself, the gas volume within the engine area at any point in time is kept to a minimum. The new container ships will be constructed by U.S.-based Aker Philadelphia Shipyard and are scheduled for delivery in the third and fourth quarters of 2018. Matson reports that the 259 m long vessels will be the largest Jones Act containerships ever constructed. They are designed to operate at speeds in excess of 23 knots. Importantly, the ships will also be able to navigate safely into some of the smaller ports in Hawaii, U.S.A. The company said the new vessels would incorporate a number of green ship technology features such as a fuel-efficient hull design, dual-fuel engines, environmentally safe double-hull fuel tanks and freshwater ballast systems. These advancements are important to Hawaii as means to reduce fuel consumption, resulting in significant emissions reductions over time in our home trade, said Matt Cox, president and CEO, Matson. The ME-GI engine represents the culmination of many years work depending on relative price and availability, as well as environmental considerations. It gives shipowners and operators the option of using either HFO or gas, predominantly natural gas. MAN is also developing an engine, the ME-LGI, for operation on liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and methanol. Hyundai became the first MAN two-stroke licensee to demonstrate the ME-GI concept in Korea in November 2012. Mitsui became the second when TOTE, a U.S. shipping company, ordered two electronically controlled, gas-injected 8L70ME-GI engines to power two 3100 TEU newbuilding container ships, with an option for three additional vessels. Shortly after that, MAN announced another order when Teekay LNG Partners L.P. contracted two LNG carriers, each powered by two 5G70MEGI engines; this also included an option for three further ships. This order has now been increased to four vessels with an option for another five. Groene said that as fuel prices rise and modern exhaust-emissions limits tighten, the company sees significant opportunities arising for gasfueled tonnage. Research indicates that the MEGI engine delivers significant reductions in CO2, NOx and SOx emissions, Groene said. Furthermore, the ME-GI engine has no methane slip and is therefore the most environmentally friendly technology available. We predict a broad, potential market for our highly efficient, flexible, propulsion-plant solution around the ME-GI engine. A
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BY IAN CAMERON, ASHBOURNE, ENGLAND
The Long Wait For Renewables

The recently produced BP Energy Outlook 2035 is an excellent, insightful analysis of future trends in the sector. Released in January, it details the likely demand for nearly all types of fuel such as oil, gas, coal, nuclear and renewables. The headline figures are impressive, yet somewhat unexpected, because the company actually points out that although global energy demand continues to grow (no surprise there), growth is slowing. It has often been assumed and taken for granted that energy demand around the planet would just grow faster and faster, almost to the point where it outpaces supply capabilities. But, according to BP, it isnt and that opinion comes from an energy giant that we could normally expect, like any giant corporation, to be keen to talk up the long-term demand for its goods and services. The report estimates that global energy consumption is expected to rise by 41% from 2012 to 2035. An impressive figure, no doubt. However, that is compared to 55% over the last 23 years (52% over the last 20), and 30% over the last 10 years. Predictably, 95% of the growth in demand is anticipated to come from emerging economies, with India and China accounting for more than half of the increase, while energy use in the advanced economies Asia, Europe and North America is predicted to show only very slow expansion and then begin to decline in the later years of the forecast period, BP said. The growth rate for global demand is slower than what we have seen in previous decades, largely as a result of increasing energy efficiency, said Bob Dudley, BP Group chief executive. Trends in global technology, investment and policy leave us confident that production will be able to keep pace. New energy forms such as shale gas, tight oil and renewables will account for a significant share of the growth in global supply. Of all of the fossil fuels, the fastest growing is expected to be natural gas, which will see an average rise in demand of 1.9% per year. Focusing on the impact of shale gas in the energy mix, BP said that it is expected to meet almost half (46%) of the growth in gas demand, and account for 21% of world gas and 68% of U.S. gas production by 2035. After 2020, North American shale gas production could slow, said the report, and output from other regions will increase. But in 2035, North America is still expected to account for 71% of world shale production. BP said that of the major fuels, oil is expected to show the slowest demand growth to 2035 at an average of only 0.8% per year. However, this will still result in demand for oil and other liquid fuels being nearly 19 million barrels a day higher in 2035 than in 2012. Coal will be the second-slowest growing major fuel, with demand rising an average of 1.1% per year to 2035 and growth dropping to 0.6% after 2020. Almost all 87% of the net growth in demand to 2035 is anticipated to come from India and China, whose combined share of global coal consumption will rise from 58% in 2012 to 64% in 2035. But, almost as an afterthought, tucked nearly at the very end of the press release that details the scope and findings of the BP Outlook, a rather depressing statistic emerges under the heading, Renewables. It reads: Renewables are expected to continue to be the fastest growing class of energy, gaining market share from a small base as they rise at an average of 6.4% per year to 2035. Renewables share of global electricity production is expected to grow from 5 to 14% by 2035. Okay, it is a big rise in percentage terms, but despite all of the hype and the hope surrounding renewables, only 14% by 2035 sounds disappointingly low to me. A
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March 2014 www.dieselgasturbine.com

DEDICATED TO ENGINE ROOM PRODUCTS, TECHNOLOGIES & NEWS

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