Dear Beloved, Free Publication

Whenever you are with me I can see

the beauty in everything. You give
October 2009
me the purpose to live. Looking in
your eyes lets me forget the problems
in the world and when I am with
you I feel like in heaven.

Our relationship is not easy, there

is so much going on in my life that
I forget about myself. My work is
giving me new headaches everyday,
I need to care for my family, spend
sometime with my friends and
after all that I try to find happiness.
I know that you can give me the

for those inspired by green, written by the experts in green

happiness I am searching for.

It is just so difficult to do
something more, to stand for your
own opinion, and allow myself to
be happy with you. It is sad to see
that I am stuck in my routine.

You can’t take that any longer,

I understand. You have a lot of
pressure on you, and you need
someone to commit for a lifetime.

I feel that it is the right thing to do,

for my family and the future of my
children, I just need to take that
inspired to be
extra step…

My love, when I look into your eyes I

can see the ocean so clear and deep.
You touch me like the fresh breeze
on spring day. The smell of flowers
and the forest reminds me of you.
You give me the air to breath, and
the purpose to live.

I want to be with you for all my

life. I will care for you, and only
together we can be one.

In deep love,
Your Green-Lover
This letter is written not for a beautiful girl nor
for an adored woman. it is for our mother nature
with all her beauty, grace and charm. It is time
to commit our love and to see the beauty… that
we destroy everyday.
 CONTENTS
Green Living - Pg 10 Process of Transplantation - Pg 30
A multi-dwelling eco sensitive project inspiring the concept of green An article focussing on tree transplantation, illustrated step
lifestlye. Explaining how the TZED project managed to get platinum by step from preparing the tree to after care steps, as devised
certification,. by ELT India Pvt Ltd.

Pre Engineered Buildings - Pg 16 Intelligent Plastering Material - Pg 34

Explaining the advantages of Pre Engineered Buildings over
the conventional types, and the green features & credentials
which could be achieved through the application of
PEB systems. Written by Mr. Arun Singh, Head of
Marketing Tata BlueScope.
A showcase of an new climate control and heat proofing
plastering material, introduced by Sinicon Controls (P) Ltd.
as an alternative to the sand in the construction,
provides numerous advantages to the buildings.

Adyar Poonga - Eco Park - Pg 21 Green Solar Series - Pg 44

An overview about the ambitious project Showcasing the unique product from
happening to restore the ecological Moserbear which can convert the
balance in the creek and the estuary abundantly available sunlight to
area of Chennai, which could bring electricity, an intelligent option
back a lot of native plants, for sustainable built spaces.
and increase the biodiversity.

inspired to be

GREEN
Pg 3 Pg 39 Pg 48
Green Homes Project Showcase Dakshina Chitra Larsen & Toubro Limited
Megapolis A celebration of South India At the forefront of the Green
The Megapolis project by Pegasus Properties Experience the art, architecture and craft of In depth look at the green strategy
Pvt. Ltd is an IGBC Pre-Certified Green Homes the four southern states. An overview of the incorporated by these pioneers in the green
Platinum project. architectural styles and examples of these building movement and some green building
heritage buildings. examples.

Welcome to the Green World

Green Homes Project Showcase:

Megapolis...
Pre Certified “Platinum” by Indian Green Building
Council for Green Homes Rating System

M/s. Pegasus Properties Pvt Ltd., a joint venture between the Avinash Bhosale Group and Kumar Properties,
Pune is coming up with a multistoried Residential Building project at Pune . It is the only residential project
in the IT hub at Rijeev Gandhi Info Tech Park, Hinjewadi, Pune. The residential project of “Megapolis” is
spread over 138 acres to be constructed in phase manner. In the First phase, cluster of nine towers is being
developed.
“Simply put, the walk to work concept offers a healthier life quality of life”. It is with this in mind that they
are developing Megapolis amidst the pulsating Rajiv Gandhi InfoTech Park. Apart from saving on commuting
time, their fully modern residential complex offers IT professionals and their families a horde of facilities that
they need in one single complex.
Design Features:
• Design is a simple, practical and sustainable
solution for a high-rise and high-density development.
• An Eco-responsive design that seeks to take
advantage of the positive climate attributes and is in
harmony with its immediate natural ecosystem and is
energy efficient.
• 20% Building Footprint with 80% open area.
• Building envelope design based on Pune climate
zone.
• Solar access of one building block is not affected by
the neighboring one.
This 2-phase, high-rise, high- density
development on an undulating site
provides 2 BHK, 2.5 BHK and 3
BHK apartments with areas rang-
ing between 1100 and 1500 sq. ft.
The scheme is an assemblage of
clusters of tri-modular tower blocks,
where each cluster is conceived as
a sub-community. The radial layout
of the blocks enables unobstructed,
panoramic views. It provides 6.4
million sq. ft of built up area over a
site of 74.31 Acres

• Clusters of tri-modular towers were designed where

each cluster acts as sub community.

• The radial layout of the blocks enables cross

ventilation & wide-angle unobstructed, panoramic
view from each unit either to the internal garden court
or surroundings hills.

• The small, intimate green spaces generated at the

cluster level merge with larger community greens and
establish a hierarchy of private, semi-public and public
spaces with distinct microclimatic zones.

• Each cluster of the development is conceived with

distinct landscaped court comprising a stepped
garden, swimming pool and ornamental water body.

• A dense perimeter landscape creates a stronger

sense of enclosure and enhances the sense of
security and tranquility of the township.

• The fundamental consideration while planning was

to go for modular planning to achieve ease and speed
of construction since the development involves 4700
dwelling units.

• A distinct segregation of vehicular and pedestrian

circulation is achieved through the restriction of
vehicular paths along the periphery of each cluster.
Each vehicular path terminates in a cul-de-sac with a
landscaped roundabout and a central feature.

• The Master layout has been planned in response

to the natural topography of the site. 35 M slope has
been utilized to the maximum possible by providing
podium decks at various levels which is utilized for
landscape & parking.
3
Green Features of Megapolis...
Sustainable Sites
• Conservation of natural areas to promote Biodiversity by restoring natural habitat for native trees, birds,
butterflies etc.
• The landscape consists of native and regional species of trees which are acclimatized at a faster rate
and requires less maintenance.
• High albedo roof having higher Solar Reflective Index (SRI) to minimize heat island effects by reducing
unwanted heat gain.
• Electrical- Charging points for electric cars and e-vehicles with allotted preferred parking spaces.
• Building is user-friendly for physically challenged persons. Preferred parking spaces for physically
challenged, specially designed rest rooms in common areas and ramps are provided.
• Amenities like ATM, Library, crèche, Bus stop, Temple provided within walk able distance.

Water Efficiency

• Use of water conserving and high efficiency fixtures

such as Dual Flushing System, low flow faucets
and pressure compensated pipelines to reduce the
potable water usages by 25%.
• Efficient integration of rain water harvesting with
storm water system to capture 95% of the run-off
from roof area to charge the ground water aquifer
and to utilize in landscape irrigation.
• Sewage treatment plant planned to treat 100% of the
sewage waste that would be generated from the site
and use the recycled water for landscape irrigation.
• Dedicated areas on site to facilitate segregation of
waste at source i.e., at the level of each household to
the site level for efficient waste Management.
• All the organic waste from kitchen, other areas and
landscape is recycled through an organic waste
converter into fertile manure.
 Energy Efficiency

• Holistic energy efficient approach to include the building orientation, envelope, systems, lighting and
other equipment in the integrated design for the project.
• CFC-Free Air conditioners to be used.
• Energy efficient lifts, water pumps and motors.
• Energy efficient external lighting to reduce overall energy consumption with the use of at least BEE 3 star
rated fixtures and timers for automatic shut off programmed on schedule basis or change in seasons.
• Common Area lighting proposed to be high efficiency CFL lamps.
• Occupancy Sensors are proposed for common areas and staircase that shall turn the lighting off within
30 mins of an occupant leaving the space.
• Generator sets that are CPCB certified for emissions and noise compliance.
• Continuous monitoring and verification of the electrical and mechanical systems.

Materials & Resources

• At least 50% of the total building materials by cost

used in the building are regional i.e., manufactured
within a radius of 500 Km.
• Materials with recycled content such that the total
recycled content constitute at least 20% of the total
cost of the materials used in the project.
• Project envisages zero demolition waste as the
construction is categorically new construction with
more than 75% of construction waste to be diverted
from landfills.
• An interpretive signage system to be implemented in
the Park Megapolis campus, to create environmental
awareness.
• Mivan system is adopted for construction where sets
of prefabricated shuttering are used for walls and
slabs to avoid the wastage of traditional shuttering
materials as wood.
5
Green Features of Megapolis...

Indoor Environmental Quality

• Smoking Free Campus’ with entrance lobbies, corridors
at all residential levels, elevators, club house, gymnasium
etc. declared as non- smoking areas.
• Designated common smoking area outside the building,
which will be 25 feet away from all the Entry/ exits to
the premises.
• 90% of the regularly occupied spaces have cross
ventilation.
• Fresh air ventilation in all living spaces.
• Use of materials with low VOC emissions that are known to
have adverse health impacts on building occupants.
• 95% of regularly occupied spaces are day lit. This saves
energy by efficiently utilizing day lighting in the daytime
and increases overall occupant productivity.

Project Title : MEGAPOLIS

Building Use : Residential Complex
Location : Hinjewadi, Pune
Size : 1371888 sq.ft
Pre Certification : IGBC Green Homes Platinum

Project Team Profile

Owner: Pegasus Properties Pvt. Ltd.
Architect: RSP India, Bangalore
Structural Consultants: Y S Sane, Pune
Landscape Consultants: Belt Collins, Singapore /Shobha Bhopatkar, Pune
Contractor: Viraj Project India Pvt. Ltd., Pune
Plumbing Consultant: Sampat Kumar, Bangalore
Electrical Consultants : Entask Consultants, Bangalore
LEED Facilitator : Godrej & Boyce Mfg Co Ltd , Mumbai

Conclusion

The Megapolis project By Pegasus Properties Pvt. Ltd is a well deserved IGBC Pre-Certified
Green Homes Platinum project. The green features will contribute to substantial energy and
water savings. The intangible benefits of natural ventilation and daylight provided in the design
will enhance the health and comfort of the residents. Inspired to be Green congratulates
the Megapolis Team on this successful project and we all look forward to many more green
projects from one of the leading developers in the market.
 Green Buildings Make Economic Sense
Energy-saving technologies will be the most successful instrument to not only stop global warming but also
create your future profits. To cut down energy-cost of 20% is possible in almost every building, this savings come
with higher investments but a short pay-back period. Additional the dramatically increasing energy costs will
make investments in energy-efficiency and renewable energy very lucrative.
Start Early in the Design-Phase
Start NOW and don’t wait till the energy bills get extraordinary high. To implement green strategies in the
design-phase will come with 0 additional cost. If the building is already constructed, energy saving measures
will cost more and also the possibilities are restricted. For example it will be very easy in the design phase
to create structural shading and overhangs for windows but after construction it will not be possible to
add those elements.
Cost and Effect on Energy savings

Energy Savings

Cost
Begin of End of Begin of End of Post
Design Design Construction Construction Occupancy

Invest in Efficient Technologies

To build decisions only on initial costs may lead in a wrong direction. Better quality, less maintenance and more
efficiency products are expensive but at the end of the buildings lifecycle they work out as the intelligent choice.
The example shows an additional investment for green strategies of 200,000 Rs. The Green Building will save
50,000 Rs, every year, on electricity cost compared to a conventional building. The savings of the Green Building
pay back the additional costs in 4 years. After a period of 10 years, the green strategies has contributed to a
profit of 300,000 Rs, by reduced operating costs for the Owner.

250,000

150,000 300,000 Rs
Savings
50,000 Conventional Building no invest in green technologies

-50,000 Invest Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10
200,000 Rs Invest
Break-even Point (4 years)
-150,000

-250,000

Everyone Wins
Investing in energy efficient technology promotes materials/products which are long lasting; require less
maintenance and consuming less energy. Savings achieved by more efficient systems help to pay back the
higher initial cost and extending this period the savings will contribute to the profit of the company. The
business with energy-efficiency has already started and increasing cost of fuel and materials will offer billion
dollar opportunities in the future.
7
The Raintree
An Eco-Sensitive Business Hotel in Chennai
While the “Green Building Movement” gains momentum in India and every corporate, builder and individual
looks to go green and be more eco-friendly, the Raintree Hotel is a brilliant example of how the Hospitality
industry can also contribute.

Raintree Hotel is located in Alwarpet, Chennai and boasts of 5-Star accommodation, featuring 7 floors of
105 contemporary guest rooms and suites, The Raintree Hotel offers world-class accommodations that are
sleek, modern and eco-sensitive. The facilities include an ultra luxurious roof top pool, Spa and gymnasium.
The Raintree Hotel offers comprehensive meeting and banquet facilities designed to accommodate up to
300 guests. The four stylish banquet halls are equipped with state of the art technology and individually
tailored to fit the needs of corporate and business travelers.

ECOTEL Certified:
For someone thinking Green, the most attractive
feature of this hotel is, of course, the “Eco Sensitive”
aspects, making it the first ECOTEL certified Hotel
in South India and only four other hotels in India
have qualified for the ECOTEL certification. The ECOTEL
Collection is a group of international inns, hotels and
resorts that define the concept of environmental
responsibility in the hospitality industry. All ECOTEL
certified hotels must pass a detailed inspection and
satisfy stringent criteria set by environment experts.

The ECOTEL Certification is based on five areas of

environmentalism, which are:
• Energy conservation
• Water conservation
• Solid waste management
• Employee environmental education
• Environmental commitment
The Eco-Sensitive Philosophy: The Raintree Hotel is committed to setting a new standard of
environmental responsibility without compromising the guest experience. We believe in finding the right
balance between luxury and conservation. This is done by monitoring our use of natural resources, educating
and enlightening staff and inviting the guest to participate in the effort. At The Raintree we believe that style,
comfort, business efficiency and service matter just as much as the environment. Every effort goes a long
way towards protecting the planet. Everything matters…
Green Lifestyle / Housekeeping Features
at the Raintree Chennai:
• Potted plants instead of cut flowers
• Herbal and all natural toiletries
• Newspapers & fruits on request
• Recycled product purchasing program
• No polythene materials are used
• Rooms are booked by floors to reduce HVAC loads
• Cleaning of light fixtures on a regular basis
• Guests are reminded to save water and electricity
• Soap dispensers in bathrooms
• Organic food is grown & used

Green Building Features at the Raintree Chennai:

• All the wood used in furniture & interiors is strictly rubber wood, or medium density fiber. There is a good
deal of wood in The Raintree that balances the minimalist glass and metal design of the hotel. Bamboo,
which is a rapidly growing material, is used for the flooring.
• The cement used for the eco-friendly building is generally Portland Pozzalana cement that contains
15-20 per cent of fly ash, compared to ordinary Portland cement.
• A sewage treatment plant recycles water, which is used for the air conditioners and for horticulture purposes,
thereby reducing demand for potable water for these purposes.
• Roof top swimming pool provides insulating effect to prevent solar heat gain through the roof.
• Appropriate shading design to prevent direct heat gain by solar radiation on the building envelope.
• The “Eco-Button” sets the temperature in the rooms 4 degrees above the standard 23 degrees centigrade.
This greatly reduces the electricity consumed by air conditioning system.
• Natural light utilization is maximized to reduce load caused by using artificial lights during daytime.
• Energy Efficient CFL lamps are used.
• Paints are low or No VOC content (volatile Organic Compounds), which have a negative impact on the
health of the occupants of the space.
• The Raintree Staff are friendly and are well trained and committed to passing along the eco-sensitive
philosophy, saving energy and water and partaking in our various eco-initiatives and activities.
• Solid Waste segregation is done by providing different colored bins to facilitate easy separation and
recycling. Green (paper), Black (food), White (cans & bottles) and Red bins (non-recyclables) are provided.

The Raintree Hotel - Alwarpet, Chennai

120, St. Mary’s Road, Alwarpet, Chennai 600 018 India
Reservations: +91 44 42 25 25 25
Email: mail@raintreehotels.com
Room Reservation: reservations@raintreehotels.com
9
 UM
AT en
PL re
IN “Greening the Urbane
es C G
o m IGB

Eco space- the TZED way”

H

How many times, you will find people telling you that they stay in a building which has won many
awards and accolades at a national and global level. Well, for residents of T ZED, who made a choice
for greener living a couple of years ago, awards are an humbling experience that strengthens their
conviction of choosing a green lifestyle. After getting prestigious Ryutaro Hashimoto Award for
environment and development in Asia Pacific, CII conferred a special jury award for this building
and finally the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has given a platinum rating for this rare building
which mixes tradition with cutting edge technology, being the first building to get this rating in multi
dwelling residential at a post construction stage.

So, what makes T ZED a near zero energy development, what inspired T ZED and what does T ZED
inspires? T ZED has been a very important project and a significant step forward for Biodiversity
Conservation India Limited, a one of a kind builder technology enterprise, which has been trying
to mainstream eco sensitive housing development for last fifteen years and at its core carries a
belief that environmentally sensitive urbane living is the only way to manage our natural resources
efficiently and sustainably. T ZED is a multi-dwelling of about 91 homes, out of which 76 apartments
and 15 duplex houses were developed on a 5.23 Acre of land in Whitefield suburb of Bangalore.
 Indian Green Building Council has recently
started rating residential buildings as Silver,
Gold and Platinum on the basis of criterion
that emphasizes standards on site efficiency,
water efficiency, energy efficiency, materials
and indoor air quality. There is an element
of innovation which also gets rewarded in
this rating system. Some of these criteria
are mandatory which are non negotiable,
and others decide what rating you get. For
a building to get a platinum rating, it must
receive a score between 53 -75.

T ZED got this rating as it met all mandatory

standards laid out by IGBC and over that a high
score that meets rating for platinum. This was
achieved by planning all aspects of the building
in an eco friendly way.
IGBC Checklist: Homes of T ZED are well oriented, well
Total Score 55 ventilated, thermally insulated and receive
Site Efficiency 9 ample natural light. Framed RCC structure
Water Efficiency 19 for ZED homes provide all safety features
Energy efficiency 8 of a modern home. Each home has a
Materials 9 utility verandah or a terrace which serves as
Indoor Air Quality 6 a drying yard thus keeping the balconies and
Innovation 4 gardens clutter free. A ‘pedestrian first’ policy
with good lighting, disabled friendly drop
kerbs for prams and wheel chairs leading up
to elevators has been provided. The entire ZED
homes stretch is dotted by courts and plazas
and pergolas with benches. A road layout that
keeps vehicles to walking speed, as it meanders
along the central road and the permeable
roads are interspersed with interesting eco
scapes. Car parking spaces are laid with paving
over sand and gravel to minimize surface
runoff. Non Fossil Fuelling facility for vehicles
is provided through electric charge point in
the parking area.

11
The materials used in TZED homes are those that are renewable and can be reused and
recycled. These are also materials that have low embodied energy and low carbon emission ratings.
Soil got by excavating is used to make soil stabilized bricks which is used for external walls along
with laterite blocks. A combination of gypsum plaster with quarry dust and sand cement has been
used on internal walls. White lime base with non toxic paints have been used for plastered surfaces.
Natural Kadappa and Kota stone polished to a sheen with Jaisalmer and Dholpur stone as borders
and highlights replaces the often used vitrified tiles. The kitchen floor is in granite, washrooms are
clad in a combination of ceramic tile and slate. Rubber wood panelled doors and teak wood main
door sourced from certified plantations. The pervious roads are build over a consolidated earth
surface using paving and cobbles levelled over sand beds.

The sustainability of this campus pivots around the water efficiency, the number of houses were
decided on the basis of water self sufficiency of the campus. All rainwater is collected and flows
along the contour of the land. There are 44 rainwater percolation wells that are interconnected.
The water leads to a 400,000 litre water tank located beneath a road behind the housing complex.
The water is purified in a central reverse osmosis system. A high-pressure pneumatic system pumps
water to each apartment. Grey water is supplied for gardens, toilets and for washing cars. Water
efficient fixtures which are used are 20 percent efficient over the baseline flow rates.

The houses are extremely energy efficient which has been achieved through many
interventions. Solar Water Heating Systems capacity has been provided in a way that
it serves all residents. All pumps, motors, lighting, fixtures and appliances in this
complex are energy efficient. Every home comes with a built in customized 350 litre Zed
refrigerator cum freezer.All bedroom are centrally air conditioned. The custom designed
and built ZED ACs is integrated into the window openings in the bed rooms.
The construction waste is effectively reused
within the site which absorbs 75 percent of
the waste generated. The measures taken by
the project team to reduce CO2 emissions are
quantified as more than 20,000 Ton CER. Sol-
id waste is separated- at source by residents
into recyclable groups ( paper, metal, plastic,
organic, mixed and toxic) Old newspapers and
other papers sent to recyclers, Sewage goes
to STP. Reclaimed water that comes out from
sewage treatment originates plants and is fed
to terrace gardens. Biodegradable waste is fed
into a biogas digester of 150 kg capacity.
Nearly 40 percent of the area is the undisturbed
site area in this complex. More than 75 percent
of the exposed roof area is either covered by
cool coating or garden area. Zed landscape
has 87 percent of the landscape area which
is covered with drought tolerant plants
irrigated by drip irrigation system. ZedHomes
come with sky gardens that are engineered
to have only 30 percent soil, the rest being
a combination of mulch, vermiculite, cocoa
peat and other water retaining plant
bed materials. It offers the twin
advantage of less water used
for plants & reduced load
on the slab.
It offers the twin advantage of less water used
for plants and reduced load on the slab. T
ZED club is a load bearing masonry structure
with filler slabs and bamboo roof. A nursery /
greenhouse are located in its vicinity. The club
has a theme restaurant in semi open setting
with an amphitheatre for the occasional
concert, birthday bash or any formal gathering
of T Zedders. The club includes a contemporary
fitness centre, convenience store, a real
library, an ozonized non chlorinated pool with
its surface clad in natural stone.
Putting a value on green building
Often times location, cost, reputation of the
builder and building plans take precedence,
when we buy a house. What we ignore is
the life cycle cost of the building, but all this
is slowly changing now. We sometimes learn
through the most painful route i.e. exhaustion
of resources. In some years, builders will be
forced to incorporate the life cycle costs of the
building as the awareness increases and people
ask for choices. It is the right of the customer
to demand a healthy living spaces when they
spend a fortune on buying these houses.
While this happens, BCIL would have travelled
further along the road less travelled to set up
newer standards in building technology and
conserving environment.
For more information to this project
please visit the website:
www.ecobcil.com
13
 Wienerberger’s
POROTHERM
Clay Hollow Blocks
About Wienerberger India
Wienerberger Brick Industry, in its first Asian plant in Karnataka, have
an annual output of one lakh tones operation from May 2009. The
company is the world’s largest producer of Clay Hollow Blocks and has
the second largest market for clay roof tiles in Europe.

The Austrian brick manufacturer’s foray into the Indian market, with an
investment of Rs. 90 crore for its 30-acre Kunigal plant & a production
capacity of 100,000 tons of blocks/annum, has launched four brands
– Porotherm (Clay Hollow Blocks); an exclusive range of Terca facing
bricks; Koramic (Clay Roof Tiles) and Argeton ( façade tiles) that would
be brought over from Wienerberger’s plants in Europe.

HP POROTHERM BLOCKS
Under the brand POROTHERM, Wienerberger India is producing
Horizontally Perforated Clay Hollow Blocks from May 2009. These
Clay Hollow Blocks are used for Non-Load Bearing partition walls or
infill masonry.
Main Advantages of HP Blocks: As a Result

• 60% less weight than a solid concrete block
• Compressive strength >35 kg/cm2
• Density of approx. 700 - 750 kg/m3
• Large size & low weight
• Excellent thermal insulation
• Reduction of dead loads
• Saving on structural costs
• Faster construction
A house of POROTHERM bricks is the very essence
of healthy construction and natural living. The proven
properties of the bricks make them an easy choice.

Value Retention
It is possible to plan, build and live according to environmental and long-term economic principles with
POROTHERM. A Clay Hollow Block structure and the associated long-lasting quality require no maintenance
effort. Buildings constructed with POROTHERM clay hollow blocks are an investment for generations because the
material guarantees to retains it’s value.

Thermal Insulation and Humidity Regulation – Enhancing the Indoor Climate

Air in the perforations of PORTHERM Clay Hollow Blocks acts as an insulator guaranteeing good thermal
insulation values. A Clay block house remains pleasant in summer, while slashing your energy cost. POROTHERM
Clay Hollow Blocks with countless pores in the block favor the exchanged of humidity between the indoor and
outdoor environments providing comfortable room climate to its inhabitants.

Light Weight, Quick and Economic Construction

POROTHERM Clay Hollow Blocks are more than 60% lighter than conventional walling material. Light weight,
large block sizes and savings on other structural elements(concrete, steel), make construction faster and more
economical.
Compressive Strength - Strong Blocks for Durable Construction
POROTHERM Clay Hollow Blocks are the highly engineered shell and web pattern
blocks from Wienerberger India ensuring high compressive strength at minimal
weight, allowing safe, economic and durable construction of buildings.

Fire Protection - Blocks don't Burn!

PORTHERM Clay Hollow Blocks have already gone through fire for you! This
means they are “immune” to fire. In case of fire; clay blocks do not burn, and do
not produce any harmful vapors. It achieves a value of F90/F120 - that means
90/120 minutes of time in which to get yourself and your family to safety.

Earthquake Safety
Ceramic Clay Blocks have high mechanical strengths and a very good bond with
the masonry mortar, which improves its usefulness for earthquake-safe buildings.

Economy
Solid masonry of clay blocks requires only low maintenance costs. High thermal
protection and wind-tightness save energy costs. Long life and high resale value
make a clay block house a safe investment for generations.
Wienerberger will be producing POROTHERM Vertically Perforated Clay Hollow
Blocks from 2010 onwards.
POROTHERM products provide a value for generations through a careful selection
of raw materials and state-of-the-art production.

• Ease in handling
• Dimension stability
• Excellent thermal insulation and sound insulation
• Moisture regulating
• Value retention due to highest quality standards
• Long product life-cycle / sustainability
• Environmentally friendly / ecological
• Comfortable indoor climate
• Most advanced technology
• Non-flammable

Production Facility
Construction of the plant in Kunigal, Bangalore has started in November 2007 and commercial production
started May 2009. The first materials are being marketed in the beginning of May 2009.
The plant is spread over 30 acres of land. Our production target is 100,000 tones per year in phase I.
Wienerberger will not produce all clay brick materials. We are concentrating on our two main products:
facades and walls. We are going into niche areas like Porotherm Hollow Clay Blocks and Terca facing bricks
for commercial and residential properties. We are exploring ways of working with Indian industries in this
regard. Koramic clay roof tiles and ArGeTon façade tiles will be imported.
Wienerberger Showroom
The showroom in India is really the unique center of information about building products made out of clay
or the ‘Clay heart’ in the India. In this 1200 sq feet Wienerberger showroom, located only 30 km from
Bangalore airport, you can find the whole spectrum of materials under a single roof: Hollow Blocks, facing
bricks, clay roof tiles and clay pavers - in all sorts of shapes and sizes. You can look at and physically touch all
the raw construction materials and immerse yourself in the richness of their colors and familiarize yourself
with their natural textures.
Image & Information Courtesy : Wienerberger Brick Industry Pvt. Ltd.
www.wienerberger.in
 Green Credentials of Pre-engineered Buildings
“Going Green is not an option anymore!” – This statement is surely a sempiternal truth that has
dawned to all those who have seen the movie ‘An Inconvenient Truth’ that featured the renowned
environmental activist and Nobel laureate Mr. Al Gore. Going by the ‘Global Warning’, which the
movie is all about; climate change activities are an absolute must for every one of us. If we do not
wake up now, we shall be putting our very next generation – which already has taken birth in this
world- in the danger of various life threatening circumstances.

How Industries and Pre Engineered Buildings go hand in hand?

Climate change initiatives are applicable to
every industry cutting across every application
and segment and every industry needs a
building to start its operation, whether it is a
manufacturing plant, maintenance workshop,
processing centre, and storage warehouse
or retail outlet. Building is the second most
important need after acquisition of land and this
is where Pre Engineered Buildings have been
dominating the market in last one decade in India.
Now, almost every new Industrial building being
made in India is a Pre Engineered Buildings
(PEB), though the application of PEBs is also
extended to sectors beyond Industrial (e.g.
Aviation, Railways, Commercial, etc.). Pre
Engineered Buildings are Buildings made in
Steel where different components of Building
are designed, detailed and manufactured in the
plant, shipped to site and erected at the site.
Hence no welding or drilling is done at the site.
These Buildings rely on Standard Engineering
Designs for a variety of Off-the-shelf
configurations, wherein each component of
the building comes pre-punched, marked,
completely constructed to specifications
off site and shipped to site. They involve
minimum on site work and the erector has to
simply assemble the pieces together. However,
they are different from Pre-fabricated buildings
which are made and substantially assembled
at the factory, mostly small structures such as
Toll booths, Household sheds etc. In today’s
context, where the industry has started to offer
custom-designed metal buildings to fill the
particular needs of each client, the term PEB has
become somewhat of a misnomer. Metal Building
Systems is more apt a name, even though the
same is still referred to by its still common and
popular name, Pre-Engineered Buildings.
 How PEBs can help in the green cause?
Buildings are the single largest consumer of
energy across the world and hence this has
been an endeavour of all the environmentalists
as well as construction fraternity to transform
the process of building making into one which
consumes less of energy and helps the cause of
green revolution. The concept of ‘Green Buildings’
has picked up like a wildfire across most of the
countries in the world for this single reason.
Pre Engineered Buildings are buildings made in
steel which itself is a 100% recyclable material –
unlike concrete which is not at all recyclable and
the superiority of steel over cement as a building
making material takes off from here. A diagram
shows how old steel buildings can be scrapped
and recycled into new steel coils which in turn,
can be used for making of new buildings.

Green Features
There are a few other advantages in case of a Pre Engineered Building which support the green
cause. In most of the cases, a Pre Engineered Building comes with Skylight panels fitted on the
roof system. Typically 5-6 % of the roof area is made of Skylights. Skylights are designed to let
natural light penetrate inside the building during the day time and practically eliminate the usage
of any electricity generated illumination in the day time. This saves on energy. Tata BlueScope
Building Solutions, which is a leader in PEB market through offering world’s best Pre Engineered
Building Brand i.e. BUTLER™ BUILDING SYSTEMS has come up with designs to fix solar panels on
the top of MR-24® Roof system which is a standing seam and floating roof system. Fixing Solar
panels is even easier on the pierce fixed roof system. So now it is possible for the customers of
Pre Engineered Buildings to have Solar panels fitted on the roof systems and use the solar power
generated in the night time – using a better of course. Fixing of solar panels on the roof systems
is a convenient thing to do for the following reasons:

• Typically, PEBs have a large roof area, especially the ones which are used for Industrial,
Warehousing and manufacturing applications which need a single storey building (of course
the height varies) with huge roof area.
• These buildings are normally in industrial areas and hence are not surrounded by multistory
buildings making them exposed to the sun all throughout the day
• In both the types of roof systems, there are exposed seams as well as fasteners which can be
easily integrated with solar panels.

17
PEBs also come with rain water harvesting
arrangement. Typically PEBs have a large
roof area and very less angle of inclination.
Entire rain water falling over the roof area is
channelized through a series of gutters and
downspouts and discharged at the ground lever.
Customer, by making of underground water
storage tanks, can go for rain water harvesting
for various needs e.g. gardening, washing and
cleaning and other needs.
One of the myths about PEBs is that, as they
are made of steel, they must be very hot.
The truth is- these buildings have Zinc and
Aluminum coated material as the roofing system
which have a very good thermal reflectivity
and hence actually help in reduction in
air-conditioning load. This is also possible due
to usage of insulation material which has a very
good thermal reflectivity property. Both these
factors together, help the customer in reducing
his air-conditioning load.
Way ahead
Green Building is a wide concept and not a
product. Selection of sustainable site, Mate-
rial selection, Energy efficient equipments,
Water use efficiency, Innovation in design
and Ambient air are the criteria under LEED
certification system which are deployed for
Green Building certification process and it
proves, there are many more ideas which can
be thought and implemented to make PEBs
even greener. With thousands of PEBs being
erected every year for various customer needs,
it is imperative that greener credential are
added to PEBs to have a wider impact on the
environment for its sustenance.
For circulation of air inside the building, there
are two arrangements which, again, save on
energy. Along the walls, there are louvers which
do not consume any unit of electricity and allow
natural air to be circulated inside the building.
Along the roof there are ridge ventilators which
are fixed at the ridge level, as the name suggests,
and allow the hot air from inside the building to
escape outside. Turbo ventilators fitted on the
roof systems do not consume any electricity
while they do the same work to keep the
buildings well ventilated.
Paints play an important role in not only making
the buildings look aesthetically pleasing, but
also add to the anti corrosive property of the
building components. Pre Engineered Building
manufacturers are now using Lead free paint
which is environment friendly. Also, usage
of low VOC paint is being discussed by PEB
manufacturers , which again is meant to ensure
that inside ambience is conducive to the health
of people occupying the building space.
The author Mr. Arun Singh is Head of
Marketing Tata BlueScope
Building Solutions
He has 12 years
work experience
in Operations,
Maintenance, Supply
Chain and Marketing
in Tata Steel Limited
and Tata BlueScope
Steel Limited. He is
a BE (Mechanical
Engineering) and MBA.
Green News
Kohinoor Hospital Embraces Healthy Building
Developed as the First Platinum LEED ® Certified Green Hospital in India

Kohinoor Planet Constructions Pvt Ltd., the real estate arm of the Kohinoor
group, is developing the first Platinum LEED ® certified Green hospital in the
country. The 150 bed, multi-specialty Kohinoor hospital is implementing a
range of energy efficient measures to reduce energy consumption, decrease
greenhouse gas emissions and improve the quality of patient care.

Research has shown that hospitals are resource intensive organizations that
consume large volumes of energy and water - typically around 15-20 percent of
a hospital’s operational expense is spent on energy and water . To make hospital
infrastructure more environmentally responsible, healthy and sustainable
(green), the appropriate expertise and decision-making needs to occur at the
design and construction stage. This will ensure that the facility will deliver
improved levels of patient care and reduce operational expenses, especially in
respect to energy and water usage.

Kohinoor will work with Trane to install its energy efficient chilled water system
into the hospital. These cooling systems meet the demanding criterion of
minimum power consumption as specified for Green Building applications by
the India Green Building Council (IGBC).

By investing in energy efficient cooling systems and other integrated green

features, the Kohinoor Group expects to have its hospital certified under U.S
Green Building Council’s (USGBC) LEED® program.

“Indian healthcare infrastructure is at a critical juncture and is expected to rise

exponentially in the near future so that is why Kohinoor hospital wants to be the
best prepared to meet the demand with energy efficient and environmentally
responsible building solutions,” said Mr. Sudesh Bhelekar, general manager
– MEP, Kohinoor Constructions. “Our selection of Trane was based on the
highest energy efficiency and Coefficient of Performance coupled with its global
reputation of offering top-of-the- line HVAC systems available in the market today.”

Trane has been providing HVAC systems, services and solutions to customers
in India since 1993. Their systems can be found in leading luxury hotel chains,
commercial buildings, malls, and pharmaceutical companies. Trane’s approach
is to look at building systems as a long-term asset, ensuring that they are energy
efficient, meet customer needs and deliver an attractive return on investment.
Trane achieves these goals by working closely with clients and providing integrated
systems and services.

Trane
Trane, a business of Ingersoll Rand, improves the performance of homes and
buildings around the world. Trane solutions optimize indoor environments with
a broad portfolio of energy efficient heating, ventilating and air conditioning
systems, building and contracting services, parts support and advanced controls
for homes and commercial buildings.

For more information, visit www.trane.com

Or contact: Nitika Dhawan +91-9910158528
 21

Adyar Poonga
Eco-park
The Government of Tamil Nadu initiated an ambitious project to restore the ecological balance in the
creek and the estuary area of Chennai. Initially spearheaded by the Chennai Corporation and supported
by Tamil Nadu Road Development Company Ltd, TNRDC, this project was conceived primarily as an
effort to restore the fragile Eco-system of the precious endangered wetland habitat of the Adyar estuary
and creek and raise awareness of the general public to environmental issues.

With this pristine Adyar river water feeding the land, and with the rich vegetation and animal life
abounding here, this should have been a veritable heaven on Earth…but our apathy and abuse has
degraded the environment here dramatically.

Chennai’s sewage and effluence from its various industries have, for some time, been emptying
themselves into the river.  The Mambalam drain, the Buckingham canal and numerous sewage
and storm water drains in the city join it. Polluted water from upstream, caused by increase in
man-caused degradation, has killed the vegetation. The sloping banks of the estuary are filled with
debris from a nearby construction site…
 Natures
Comeback
Fifty-eight acres of land filled with sewage
and waste near the city center of Chennai
- this dumping place was an area
where nobody wanted to take a walk in
the morning even though it’s surrounded
by beautiful apartments and houses.

Two years later …

You find flowers, shrubs and young trees surrounding the water body’s. The water is clean, the
disgusting smell is gone and it seems like a perfect place to find relaxation.

The Adyar Poonga Project is a government funded restoration which offers unequaled
opportunities. It accommodates a nursery, a natural play-area for children as
well as a proposed nature trail to see different habitats, plants and wildlife. Educating
people about biodiversity, renewable energy and natural habitats of flora and fauna is an
important element of the project. Additional to onsite activities the Adyar Poonga education
team conducts workshops and other nature-related activities in schools and motivates kids to
preserve their environment.

Connected to the sea, the Adyar river and several storm water inlets, this backwater accumulated
huge amounts of waste. Thousands of glass bottles, bones, battery packs, plastic items and even
an old car could be found on site. At times when our grandfathers were young this land was
home for Coromandel coast native vegetation and mangroves and hosted a great biodiversity.
With the expanding city also this area changed dramatically and at the end only a few species
of plants could be found, many of which were not native to the place.
 in Chennai
The restoration started with excavation works to clean up the water bodies. Excavated
soil was used on site to build hillocks and to bring back a natural landscape. Artefacts and
a compendium of plants and animals can be seen along with live turtles, scorpion and fish
tanks in the exhibition. With self explaining signboards and natural pathways leading through
different habitats the Adyar Poonga area will grow into a beautiful eco park where kids as well
as adults can understand why it is so important to preserve our environment.

Nearly 80% of the site area is wetland, the rest is covered with a great variety of native flowers,
shrubs and trees. These plants have been planted prior to the monsoon and will require watering
largely in the coming summer. After one or two years the vegetation will maintain itself, creating
a canopy and providing a habitat to many birds and other creatures. The Adyar Poonga gives the
land back to nature, to the native plants, animals and insects whose habitat we take away every
day by constructing streets and new buildings and dumping waste on low lying land.

The efforts of the Adyar Poonga Trust together with the government are amazing and they
could bring back a lot of native plants, increase the biodiversity effectively and make the whole
area an enjoyable reserve.

Waste found on site:

Type of Waste Amount
Construction Material 100,000 kg
Plastics 5,000 kg
Ceramics 500 kg
Metal Objects 2,500 kg
Battery cases 5,000 nos
Glass Bottles 2,000 kg
Bones 500 kg

23
Designing Green Buildings

Computer Simulation for Solar Design

Use of Solar Modeling and Sustainable
Design Solutions for new and existing
developments in the Middle East

Arindam Bose is an Architect with a Masters Degree in

Architecture, with focus on Energy Conservation in Design.
For more information on Solar Modeling please contact :
Arindam Bose, Project Architect GHD, Qatar
Website: www.ghd.com Phone : +97 4428 9444 or
Arindam.Bose@ghd.com

Building design by itself is a complex process. Along with a vast

list of considerations already to be taken account there is also
an immense drive to make better performing, energy efficient
buildings. In fact soon enough it will become one of the primary
factors to gauge the success of a design solution. Engineers have
long performed the role of specifying energy efficient equipment
and strategies at the latter stage of a design but it has already
been proven that the maximum amount of benefits are realized
when the decisions are made right in the early stages of the design
process. And since the designers are the driving force they must
possess a sound understanding of environmental considerations
and phenomenon that determines building performance.

GHD & Sustainable Design

GHD now utilizes ECOTECT, a complete building design and
environmental analysis tool that covers the full range of
simulation and analysis functions required to truly understand
how a building design will operate and perform. ECOTECT
allows GHD designers to work easily in 3D and apply all
the tools necessary for an energy efficient and sustainable
future. GHD is an international network of professional and
technical consultants. Established in 1928, GHD employs more
than 6000 people across five continents and serves clients in
the global markets of water, energy and resources, environment,
property and buildings, and transportation.

Design Project
The pictures shows an example project to explain how the application of this software is guiding the
decision-making in the design process of a one million square meter mixed use development project in
Qatar. The residential component in the project involved a canopy roof that was intended to provide optimum
shading to the building through the summer months and thus reducing the heat gain through the skin on the
building. This would not only reduce energy consumption and glare but also allow the designers to specify a
lower performing skin assembly thus saving the client money. Below is the summary of findings.

The canopy over the residential component was studied for it’s shading capability on the South, South-West
and South-East Facades of the building. We modeled the building and performed shading simulation and
analysis on Ecotect. The building was studied under 3 different canopy conditions (5m overhang, 9m
overhang and 15m overhang) and then the results compared to a “without canopy” simulation.
 Without Canopy With 5m Overhang With 9m Overhang With 15m Overhang

TOTAL INCIDENT SUNLIGHT PER HOUR FOR THE YEAR

TOTAL SHADING PER HOUR FOR THE YEAR

SHADING CONDITION - SUMMER SOLSTICE - 21st JUNE

Shading Analysis...

Inference of Ecotect Study

21st April – Spring Equinox – the 5m overhang reduced the absorbed sunlight by 11.42%, the 9m overhang
reduced the absorbed sunlight by 24.33 % and the 15m overhang reduced the absorbed sunlight by 32.75%.

21st June – Summer Solstice – the 5m overhang reduced the absorbed sunlight by 6.34%, the 9m overhang
reduced the absorbed sunlight by 9.76 % and the 15m overhang reduced the absorbed sunlight by 20.00%.

21st September – Autumn Equinox – the 5m overhang reduced the absorbed sunlight by 4.51%, the 9m
overhang reduced the absorbed sunlight by 21.88 % and the 15m overhang reduced the absorbed sunlight
by 41.41%.

21st December – Winter Solstice – All the 3 conditions performed in the same manner providing no shading
in the winter months.

Overall Summer Performance (April – September) – the 5m overhang reduced the absorbed sunlight by
7.07%, the 9m overhang reduced the absorbed sunlight by 20.36 % and the 15m overhang reduced the
absorbed sunlight by 34.45%.

Overall Winter Performance (October – Mar) – The 5m overhang allows complete solar access from October
to February thus allowing effective solar access. It also allows significant solar access during the month of
March and September. The 9m overhang performs similar to the 5m overhang through the months of October
to February but shades the façade for a significant amount during the month of March and September at
early mornings and late afternoons. The 15m overhang cuts out a significant amount of beneficial sunlight
during the cooler months of October, November, February and March.

Based on the overall assessment of shading patterns above, a 9m overhang or a design of canopy overhang
somewhere between 5m - 9m would be the most beneficial in terms of solar shading of the South, South-West
and South-East façades.
25
How we light up the places we live and work makes a big impact on how
we feel. It also makes a big impact on the environment.
Daylighting facts:
• Daylight (Full Spectrum light), is the source of life and essential to our well being, health and
development.

• It provides high luminance and permits excellent colour discrimination and colour rendering, these
two properties mean that daylight provides the condition for good vision.
• Skyshade Daylights is presenting the miracle Daylighting system “LightPipe” which conducts
sunlight through a system of pipes from exterior/ ambient into desired location in the building.

Features: Applications: Commercial Residential

Warehouses Living
• Bright natural day light Factories Bedrooms
• Works on rainy days
Corridors Kitchen
• No heat transfer
Schools Toilets
• Zero UV radiation
• Can bend around corners Institutions Staircases
Offices

Diameter Ambient Light vs Light output (Lux) Area Covered

(mm) 1.00 to 1.10 lakh 50,000 9,000 (sft)
750 5000 1000-1100
530 2800 1600 500 450-500
250 450 250 150-200

Advantages:
• Cool day light
• Saves Electricity
• Exposure to natural daylight is beneficial to keep up the
mental and physical well being
• Better natural light conditions were linked to improved
productivity and safety of personnel
• Reduces the risk of business disruption due to power failures

How it works?
The Transparent Dome exposed to sun collects light and pipes it
down. The highly reflective interior surface of the pipe, conducts
light to desired location, with minimal loss.
The diffuser installed inside, distributes the incoming light evenly
throughout the area.
Working long-term in electric lighting is believed to be deleterious to health,
working by daylight is believed to result in less stress and discomfort.

Features:
1. LightPipe can work for Lower Floors in Multilevel building, if there is a duct or opening for the tubes
to run through from roof. The light pipes are to be weather protected. The southern face of building
can be tapped to bring the light inside.

2. LightPipe provides good performance even in cloudy days. In overcast conditions where ambient
light is 40,000-50,000 lux, 530 mm Light Pipe delivers 1400-1500 lux.

3. Unlike regular Skylights, the LightPipe conducts light only and not heat because of static air column.
As the length of Reflective tubing increases, the heat transfer
reduces. Even double glazed diffusers can be provided.

4. LightPipe has a top UV absorbing dome and bottom diffuser which absorbs 99% UV
radiation. The light transmitted will not fade the interiors of building and is not harmful.

Electric Light vs Light pipe Light can reach desired

locations in a building

Contact us at:
Skyshade
6-3-1216/141, Methodist Colony, Email: sales@skyshade.in;
Kundanbagh, Begumpet, skyshadeindia@gmail.com
Hyderabad-500016 Visit: www.skyshade.in
The Process of Transplantation
Trans plant :
To transfer from one place or residence to another

The contribution of trees to the environment is undisputed. Trees generate oxygen, recycle water, help in withstanding wind
velocity, help in soil fertility, control soil erosion & air pollution. Trees afford shelter to birds, animals & mankind. Both flowering
& foliage trees add beauty to the landscape be it natural or manmade. Some have fragrant blooms whereas some bear delicious
fruits and some are grown for their ornamental foliage. Thus human life is enriched because of Trees. With proper care &
techniques anyone can grow healthy & attractive trees.

The Need for Proper Transplantation Techniques

With urbanization the green areas around cities are reducing and being developed into concrete jungles. The first victims of such
development are none but trees existing on site. Thanks to environmental thoughts, regulations & general awareness among
people, planners adjust the location of the building than to remove a tree.
Transplantation involves lifting the tree up from its original place & planting it again in a new location, where it continues to grow
normally. Under normal circumstances landscape architects always try to save existing trees in their positions. But sometimes due
to various reasons like road widening, under ground cabling work, drainage or construction work trees need to be removed from
the place. In such condition it is advisable to assess the tree for transplant-ability. Some trees can be moved more successfully
than others depending on the species, size, health & location. Transplanting stress can cause some trees to die, go into dormancy
or loose beauty. Plants which are aged are more likely to succumb to transplantation stress. Young & semi-mature trees resume
growth sooner after transplantation & give long term benefits.
Deciding factors for successful transplantations are plant health, season of actual transplantation, site conditions where tree will
be relocated, machinery used & post transplantation care.
Transplantation Technique Involves
the Following Steps:
1. Preparing tree for transplantation
2. Preparing pits for transplantation
3. Transporting & transplanting
4. After care
STEP ONE: PREPARING TREE
FORTRANSPLANTATION
Depending on size, species & soil strata where the tree is
growing, it should always be prepared 3-4 months in
advance of transplanting. Trees can be moved when there
is warmth in weather and temperatures of 18-35 °C are
preferable. Firstly the tree should be checked for stem
borer, bark borer, termites & other pests. If necessary
proper treatment needs to be given well in advance. All
watery shoots and young shoots should be pruned but one
third of the shoot volume must be retained. Paste of
Bordeaux mix is applied to the cut surface. The trunk and
branches are sprayed with insecticide & anti-transpiration
spray immediately.

DIGGING THE TREE

For successful moving of the tree it is essential to keep a
mass of young roots intact and in contact with soil &
without disturbance. Necessary care should be taken to
avoid drying of roots during transplantation. A sharp spade
should be used when digging trees to assure root wounds
are clean cut. A trench, deep enough to get below all of the
major roots, should be dug completely around the tree.
Depending on species & size of the tree, the trench size
differs. When the tree has been ‘cored’to required depth
undercutting can take place so as to leave the tree on a
neck or pedestal of subsoil. All roots around the plant must
be severed before any lifting takes place. The root ball
must be sprayed with a root-inducing hormone and should
be covered with damp material like hessian or burlap which
will retain moisture until planting. This also protects the
root-ball from breakage during transportation.

STEP TWO: PREPARATION OF TREE PIT

The pit where the tree is to be relocated should be dug
much before the tree is moved. Good drainage is essential.
The hole should be wider and deeper than the width of the
ball. The tree pit needs to be ready 10-15 days prior to the
shifting.
One third of the tree pit should be backfilled, the treatment
for insects & fungus is important as well as the flooding
before shifting. 31
STEP THREE: TRANSPORTATION & PLANTING
Trees must be protected when transporting to a planting site. Covered trucks are best, but if
an open truck is used, a tarp must be in place to protect the plant canopies and roots from
drying in transit. Prior to lifting the root ball must be soaked with root hormones & stem, bark
& leaves with anti-transpiration spray. To prevent chafing of bark lower branches need to be
tied properly to the center of the tree. Trees should be securely tied to prevent movement
during transit.

STEP FOUR: AFTER CARE

Newly planted trees need to be maintained to ensure the success of their
relocation. Depending on the strength and health of the tree, it may need to be artificially
supported and pruned. Proper staking should be done to support the branches & stem.
All new transplants should be watered and mulched immediately; then fertilized at the end of
the first growing season (depending on soil conditions). Sufficient water must be provided
daily during dry season to keep the soil moist but not wet. Water stagnation around the tree
should to be avoided.
A watch on diseases, pests and necessary curative is important as well as to apply preventive
sprays regularly to ensure the plants health.
Since mature tree transplanting can be an expensive venture, it is wise to consult with a
professional arbor culturist and obtain a recommendation before proceeding. Also it is
advisable to find out the rules & regulations prevailing for particular site & get proper
permissions prior to the transplantation.
Thus with careful transplanting techniques, fully grown trees of almost any species or size can
be successfully integrated into the residential or commercial landscape.

“Man is known by the surrounding he keeps. We believe

that the Landscape creates, very first impression as we
enter any premises. It gives an insight into the very soul
of the place.” - Nandini Gardens
 T-shirts Made of recycled bottles
We know that plastic waste can be recycled, but till now we didn’t
believe that it is possible to make such a great product out of used
drinking bottles. See the facts about ecofriendly T-shirts from the
young American company “A lot to say”:

Every “A Lot To Say” tee is made of recycled PET

and uses a revolutionary process that allows this discarded PET to
be turned into soft, durable and highly sustainable fabrics.
The bottles are cut into small pieces called flake and then washed.
PET flake is then melted into a liquid and shaped into a long, thin
fiber. These fibers are then spun into yarn in the same manner as
other materials.
Every T-shirt is created with this process. By using recycled plastic
instead of new petroleum, over 75% of the energy is saved without
any additional harm to the environment.
Recycled polyester is tougher than cotton. A polyester shirt lasts
longer. Up to five times longer in fact. A longer life means buying
fewer shirts, which means less resources consumed. Not to mention
the money you save.
Every shirt has the ability to recycle that same shirt into yet more
RPET and recycled polyester and back into a new garment . That
means no products going to landfill.
Read more about this eco-revolution: www.alottosay.com

Electric speed >>>

It takes less than 4 seconds from 0 to 100 kmh – if you drive this car. Well, this should not be the only
reason to drive it. To have a fancy sports car without compromising the environment was the dream of
the inventors. The batteries give power for 400 km and can be full charged in 4 hours, what should be enough
for every weekend trip. For 1,00,000 USD the car is yours and the limousine version of the Tesla should be
launched with 50,000 USD in America very soon. To check out the details of this green car please visit the
official website: www.teslamotors.com

33
 CLIMATE CONTROL & HEAT PROOFING PLASTERING MATERIAL
Sinicon PP as a Climate Control Plastering Product
Sinicon PP is a heat proofing and climate
control plastering and concrete aggregate which
is to be used in the plastering in place of sand. It
is not just a practical alternative to sand but once
plastered a building using Sinicon PP would give
many benefits to the inhabitants as well as the
building itself. Comparable to ‘Rocket Technology’ in
its material engineering the product exhibits many
superior characteristics that are unmatched with any
product presently available in the world. Sinicon PP
is derived out from a unique volcanic glass, a large
deposit of which is found at only one location on the
earth which is South Africa.
The vast area of this mine field is owned by the
Pratley Group. Pratley produces Sinicon PP using
feed from this mine using patented manufacturing
process to convert this volcanic glass into
well-sealed tough glass granules which are
ideally suited for use with cementitious and other
binders. Each tough granule comprises a froth of
glass-walled closed cells each enclosing a near
vacuum. Sinicon PP is therefore best described as
comprising millions of tiny sealed “thermos flasks”,
making it an absolutely unique and unrivalled
insulating and fireproofing material.

Sinicon PP Benefits Characteristics of Sinicon PP

Key Property : The Thermal Conductivity i.e. ‘K’ value • A zero fire product.
of Sinicon PP in a plaster mix of 4.5 : 1 (Sinicon PP :
Cement) is as low as 0.13 W/mºC whereas the K Value • It cannot be burned.
of normal plaster is 0.78W/mºC and hence Sinicon • A zero fume product. It does not release fume
PP plastered room (Roof Deck, Ceiling, Walls etc.)
would provide the inhabitant a very comfortable living when fire applied.
inside and one can reduce the use of Air Conditioner • A zero smoke product. Since it can not be
(or even it may be avoided and could live comfortably
with a fan). burned it does not emanate smoke.

In places where temperature is low one can reduce • A light weight product.
the use of Room Heater or even it may be avoided. • A sand like product.

If plastered from inside or outside (or both side for better results) of roof and walls it protects from harsh
weather entering the room. It retains the temperature inside the room during all weather and the room
behaves almost like a Thermos Flask wherein the temperature inside is independent of the temperature
outside.

The effect of Sinicon PP can be better explained that a 20mm plastering on a brick wall would give
a heat (cold) reduction equal to having a double wall.

Sinicon PP is suitable for old buildings (generally for roof deck plastering) as well as new buildings. The extra
sheet roof that affect the aesthetics of the building can now be avoided.
Properties of Sinicon PP
Sinicon PP does not react to the heat and fire and hence the building Fire/Heat Resistance Test
structure becomes fire resistant and safe since it has a melting point value
of 1250 Deg. C. If plastered it also stops cracks appearing on the exterior
walls due to thermal stresses on the wall panels.

It has a very low water permeability and hence does not easily allow
moisture enter into the structure hence the corrosion to the reinforcement
is substantially reduced thus the life of the building is extended substantially.

No effect on the structure due to frequent changes in the weather i.e. rain/
sun switching generally affects the conventional plastering like spalling but
Measurement after 2 Hours
has no effect on Sinicon PP plastered roof deck and wall.

Being a light weight material the dead weight of a building can

be considerably reduced and proportionately the structure loading could
also be reduced resulting reduction in overall project cost.

It gives the wall surface a very smooth finish thus the cost of applying putty
can be substantially saved.

Improves the acoustic properties of the room and you may better enjoy the
music in interior plastered using Sinicon PP.
Average temperature on cold
Being an inorganic material it is vermin and termite resistant hence can not
face of panel after 2 hours fire
be rot, ensuring increased life of the structure and also the wooden fittings
exposure = 70 Deg.C.
attached to it.
93% heat has been blocked.
Product Packaging
The product comes in Jumbo bags are 3 times bigger than the standard cement bags. One Jumbo Bag
(100Ltrs) can cover an area of Approx. 75 Sq. Ft if plastered in 12mm thickness at 4.5:1 (Sinicon PP : Cement).
Product Application
The product application is extremely easy and it can be applied like conventional plastering by any Mason. It
is recommended to use as little water as possible in plastering for better strength. Sinicon PP plaster is very
easy to handle and hence the productivity per Mason can be atleast 30% more. The curing is very important
and the Sinicon PP plastered roof and wall has to be kept moist for 14-21 days.
Product Cost
The differential cost of Sinicon PP application at 12mm thickness is about Rs. 15-20 per square feet.
However, there will be a recurring saving for those who use ACs thus the additional cost incurred may be
recovered in months apart from enjoying a better controlled climate in side.

About Sinicon
Sinicon Controls (P) Ltd, a unit of Sinicon UK Limited, is an enterprise of AGE Group which is involved
in many diversified areas of activities such as Electronics, Information Technology, Medical Disposables,
Chemicals and HR Management Solutions in the domestic arena and also into Engineering, Construction,
Trading, higher end Bakeries and Coffee Shops chain in the Middle East. Sinicon manufactures and sells
in the domestic and export market its Home Automation products such as Water Management, Power
Management and Security Management products. Located in Kanjikode Industrial Development Area in
Palakkad with offices in Coimbatore and Chennai and overseas operations in Doha, Dubai and South Africa,
Sinicon is having over 300 distributors/dealers in the domestic as well as export market.
35
l e e d
decoded Water Efficiency Credit 4: Water Use Reduction
Intent
Maximise water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal
water supply and wastewater systems.
Requirements
Employ strategies that in aggregate use 20% (1 point) or 30% (2 points) less water
than the water use baseline calculated for the building (not including irrigation)
after meeting the following fixture performance.
Potential Technologies & Strategies
Use high efficiency fixtures, dry fixtures such as composting toilet systems non-
water using urinals, and occupant sensors to reduce the potable water demand.
Consider reuse of storm water and graywater for non-potable applications such as
toiler and urinal flushing.
The following fixtures will reduce the water consumption in a building:
1. Water Closets: Water efficient as well as dual flush fixtures are available from
leading manufacturers like Parryware Roca, Hindware etc. The low flow fixtures
are 2/4 litres per flush as compared to standard 6 litre flush
2. Urinals: Low flow urinals (0.5 litres) as well as waterless urinals are available in
the market.
3. Low Flow fixtures like faucets, shower heads, kitchen sinks and Janitors sinks
are also available.
Calculations Fixture Flow
Minimum Requirement
Here are some of the basic calculations that need to be followed for this credit.
Water Closets (GPF) 1.6
• Number of users is 50 / 50 male and female. Urinals (GPF) 1.0
• A male is considered to use the WC once in a day, and urinal twice.
Showerheads (GPM)* 2.5
• A female uses the WC 3 times a day.
• A shower (if applicable) would be used for 300 – 600 seconds. Faucets (GPF)* 2.5
• Janitor’s uses is project specific (same in base case and design case).
• All users will wash their hands in the sink ( 3 times a day per person) for a duration of 15 seconds.
The Base Case
The base case is calculated using the number of users and number of frequency (calculated above) multiplied by the
minimum flow / flush rates as defined by IGBC / USGBC. These numbers cannot be altered, even if standard practices
may be different in that region. The total water consumption for base case if calculated and denotes the amount of
fresh water (potable) being used per day for toilets / janitorial purposes only and will differ from the standard plumbing
engineer’s calculations for system designs.

The Design Case

The Design Case is calculated using exactly the same numbers, only changing the flow & flush rates of fixtures.
Storm Water and Treated Water reuse can be calculated in this credit. The amount of reused /recycled water can be
subtracted from flushing requirement only, as this water is not used for any purpose where it comes in human contact.

Exemplary Performance
A project would qualify for Exemplary performance under Innovation in Design if the project achieves 40%
or greater potable water use reduction.
The Savings, Quantified 37
In this article, we shall focus on water conserving fixtures that can help us reduce the intake of fresh water
for domestic purposes. The “baseline” or standard flow and flush fixtures are compared to more efficient
fixtures available in the market. It is obvious that simple choices of fixtures, and at no additional cost, can
result in substantial savings in fresh water use, reduction in sewage generation and a reduced impact on
the environment.
The following calculations have been done to show the water use reduction in buildings for domestic
purposes. The Building use is assumed as office of 200 people, 100 male & 100 female
The following basic usage assumptions have been taken for both cases:
Fixture Men / Uses per day Women / Uses per day
Water Closet 1 3
Urinal 2 0
Faucet 3 (15 seconds) 3 (15 seconds)
Shower 1 (300 seconds) 1 (300 seconds)

Base Case
Fixture Daily Flow Rate Occupant Duration Sewage Generation
Uses GPF Users Gal / day
Male
Water 1 1.6 100 1 160
Closet
Urinal 2 1 100 1 200
Faucets 3 2.5 100 15 sec 150
Shower 1 2.5 10 300 sec 125
Female
Water 3 1.6 100 1 480
Closet
Faucets 3 2.5 100 15 sec 150
Shower 1 2.5 10 300 sec 125
Total Water Used 1390

Design Case
Fixture Daily Flow Rate Occupant Duration Sewage Generation
Uses GPF Users Gal / day
Male
Water 1 1.2 100 1 120
Closet
Urinal 2 0.5 100 1 100
Faucets 3 1.8 100 15 sec 135
Shower 1 1.8 10 300 sec 90
Female
Water 3 1.2 100 1 360
Closet
Faucets 3 1.8 100 15 sec 135
Shower 1 1.8 10 300 sec 90
Total Water Used 1030

Points to Note
• Changes to occupancy, uses and frequency is not allowed from base case to optimized case.
• The installed fixtures rate at flow / flush rate at 80 psi would be considered even if the pressure used in project
may be different.

Water Use Reduction = 360 litres on 1390 litres = 25.8%

If the project was to meet 100% of the requirements of flushing using Storm water or Recycled water, the
reduction would be 480 and the water use reduction would be 60% and the project would be awarded 2
points in Water Efficiency category as well as 1 point in Innovation category.
Fixture Images Courtesy : Parryware Roca Pvt Ltd / www.eparryware.com, www.roca.com
 A celebration of Culture
Dakshina Chitra through Art, Architecture
& Crafts of South India

India has a rich heritage in architecture. There is, however, a major shift in focus from traditional methods and forms
to industrial and synthetic materials which follow international trends in building and form. They are replacing India’s
own distinct philosophy and systems of building. We have become followers and not creators. Not enough thought has
been given to the consequences of these trends to the nation and its housing and architectural needs. Architectural
students today need to be well informed about India’s traditional vernaculars and methods of building and materials
in order to reflect and innovate solutions which are pertinent to India and which may create trends internationally in
the future.
Architects with a sound knowledge of materials and conservation techniques are necessary to conserve even
the most important buildings and neighborhoods representing India’s architectural heritage. Reuse of heritage
buildings is almost nonexistent in India, but is a highly developed field elsewhere in the world employing thousands
of talented architects.

The beginning of Dakshina Chitra

It began as an effort to bring the hidden wealth of South India to light – to set up an institution to celebrate the
myriad cultures of the numerous people of Southern India. In an era when the old and traditional are vulnerable and
challenged, this nucleus of an idea triggered a cultural journey.
Inspired by the artisans and fold artists of the villages, Dr. Deborah Thiagrajan, set out to form the Madras Craft
Foundation (MCF) in 1984.
Laurie Baker - the renowned architect, graciously donated his services to the foundation. The spatial conceptualization
at Dakshina Chitra and his building techniques and process breathe his philosophy of empowering masons and crafts
people in the building process. Architect Benny Kuriakose who designed the public buildings and supervises the
conservation and reconstruction of the heritage buildings, has also provided continued service in the construction
and conservation of the center.
Today Dakshina Chitra successfully showcases the rich cultural heritage of South India. It reflects the beauty, traditions,
innovations and the continuing evolution of South Indian arts and culture.

What has been done at Dakshina Chitra?

Preserve, promote and communicate the rich cultural heritage of South India in the following ways:
• Through the heritage houses purchased, dismantled and relocated at Dakshina Chitra and the craft
exhibited contextually in each house.
• The simple hands-on craft and performance activities visitors can try at the center.
• Education based special activities for students and children
• Hosting regular folk performances at Dakshina Chitra and by involving the performers in interactive
programs and workshops
• Library and archives and their activities we encourage research by students, staff and the public.
• International seminars held appropriately once in two years to strive to raise the consciousness of the
cultures of India.
39
 The Architecture
Dakshina Chitra is a showcase of traditional architecture of South India. The architecture of each of the states,
namely, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh have been carefully relocated to this site. The journey
to understanding the blend of culture, lifestyle, profession and architecture is clearly visible through the buildings of
each region.
Let us explore the magnificence of our heritage and buildings and understanding the genius of our past. Let us do this,
not only to be amazed by their understanding of the science of building, but also for us to think and act with the same
values of respect and conservation for our future buildings.

Kerala
The architecture, environment and culture of Kerala stand in marked
contrast to that of Tamil Nadu. Kerala is blessed with abundant water,
verdant forests and rich lands. Unlike the Tamilian, the Keralite prefers to
live isolated from neighbours in the middle of a plot of land, with privacy
and beautiful tropical vegetation. In Kerala houses, technique, form and
materials are basically the same for all classes and economic levels. Only
size or the addition of more buildings to a compound separates the rich
from the poor.
Kerala’s domestic architecture is punctuated in form by the religious
architecture of its three communities - the Hindus, Christians and Muslims.
While the domestic architecture of the three communities is similar, small
details such as a cross or a gable distinguish one type from another.
Within Kerala, there is a clear division of style of architecture between
Malabar in northern Kerala and Travancore in southern Kerala. Just
north of Cochin, extending all the way up north, are large deposits of
laterite. These are used throughout the Malabar region for the walls and
foundations of both houses and temples. This enabled the Keralite to build
double storeyed homes with the sloped roof in North Kerala. In southern
Kerala, wood was the primary building material and homes remained
primarily single-storeyed until the end of the 19th century.
The most distinctive visual form of Kerala architecture is the long, steep
sloping roof built to protect the house’s walls and to withstand the heavy
monsoon

Karnataka
The architecture of Karnataka is as varied as its
geography, with its verdant coastal areas to the west;
the richly wooded hills of Chikmagalore and Shimoga;
the bamboo forests and plantations of Coorg; the fertile
farm land of the south, the semi-arid zones of the east
and central districts and the vast stony, dry areas of the
north. The name of one of the main districts, Gulbarga,
is said to have come from kalbargi, which means ‘stony
land’ or a ‘heap of stones’. Where the Deccan plateau
joins the Nilgiris in the southwestern region of the state,
timber is in abundance.
The domestic architecture of Mangalore, Udipi, Coorg
and Malnad is mainly of wood. Bangalore, the state
capital reflects the colonial influence in its civic buildings
and domestic architecture, the most significant being the
British bungalows.
Stone is the major building material for most of North
Karnataka. Mortar is generally mud. A major feature of
Northern Karnataka agricultural homes is the inclusion
of a space for their cows and goats within the home itself.
 41
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu has a long sandy seacoast and a vast expanse of semi-arid plains,
once covered with scrub forests, grass and groves of bamboo. Water was scarce
and wells per village were few in number. Families clustered together, to be close
to each other and to the sources of water. Wood was never in abundance, but
was used for columns and beams. Rafters and reapers were usually of bamboo.
The pride of each house was the front door and this was carved and decorated
to be as welcoming and auspicious as could be. Trees were felled from nearby,
preferably from the house owner’s own compound. The village set rules where
trees could and could not be felled.
The carpenters made the bullock carts and the ploughs and all that was
necessary for agriculture and house building in the village. They were helped by
the blacksmiths who made the hinges and the nails, the locks for the doors and
the special fixtures for the carts. The potters made the terracotta roofing tiles.
Floors were most often made of rammed mud, finished with a red oxide coating
or cow dung slurry. Walls were made of sun-dried or baked brick or mud which
were also regularly treated with a cow dung slurry, which kept the bugs away with
its antiseptic properties.
Few people could afford the roofing tiles, and for centuries, a tiled roof required
a royal permission accorded only to the rich. Most people had thatch roofs, even
wealthy people. The thatch kept the house cool. Palmyra trees grew in abundance
and grasses and reeds, or even dried paddy stalk was used. Families used what
was most convenient and abundant in their area. Bamboo was treated and sliced
and woven into mats which were sometimes even used as walls. Mats were woven
from reeds for sleeping on or to spread on the cowdung floors for guests to sit on.
Lime plaster became the keystone of decoration on Tamil houses. The wealthy
merchants and the royal families let the masons who specialised in lime plaster
use their imagination to create stories, florid capitals and ceilings and homage to
patrons in plaster.
Most Tamil houses have an inner courtyard which is used for drying grains,
shelling pods and for functions. There is a raised verandah or small seating area
in the front of the house, called a tinnai.

Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh consists of three distinct regions :
Rayalseema, Telangana and Coastal Andhra.
The Rayalseema area is part of the Deccan plateau and for
the most part consists of dry and stony land. Cuddapah,
a black slate used for flooring, shelving and even roofing,
derives its name from the town of Cuddapah from where it
is mined. Stone and mud are the main building materials
in this area. Thatch is the most prevalent roofing material.
The Nizam’s region or Telangana comprises of Adilabad,
Nalgonda, Warangal, Medak, Mahboobnagar, Nizamabad,
Karimnagar and Bidar. The Muslim rule of the kingdoms
here had a major influence on the architectural forms. The
most elegant Muslim homes and cenotaphs are charac-
terized by beautiful, intricate, stone-cut screens, delicate
fluted arches and fine stucco work.
Agricultural communities built with the materials at hand
in simple forms, which are convenient to their lifestyles,
for the protection of their livestock, for storage and for
security. The skills of the builders and crafts people
are evidenced in the meticulous workmanship of stone
buildings.
Architecture Examples
Merchants House Chettinad, Tamil Nadu
The merchants house is a good example of
architecture from Tamil Nadu and shows the
relationship of architecture, response to climate
and social status & lifestyle.
The basic floor plan of a Chettinad house consists
of an outside verandah (thinnai) for guests, with a
room for conducting business on one or both ends;
an interior courtyard to be used in ceremonies,
with a raised seating area at one or both ends;
a series of small double rooms opening off the
main courtyard, for storage, prayer and sleeping
and a small courtyard behind for cooking and for
the women to socialize. The Chettinad houses
were originally single-storeyed buildings made of
sundried brick of mud and bamboo and thatch.
They evolved to become tile-roofed with a small
two-storeyed tower at both ends of the front
elevation,
The Nattukottai Chettiar traders followed the
expansion of the British Empire into Southeast
Asia for their business. The homes were luxurious
and expensive wood carvings, detailing and
materials were used.

Weaver’s Houses Ikal, Karnataka

This cluster from Ilkal, Bagalkote district
represents an urban settlement pattern and is
typical of weavers’ houses in the northern region of
Karnataka. The wooden elements have been taken
from similar houses near Bagalkote from a village
which was due to be flooded by the new dam. The
wooden gateway, stone and wooden window which
mark the entrance to the Karnataka section are the
remnants of a house which was built in the 18th
century and belonged to one of the oldest known
families in the town.
Almost all houses in northern Karnataka are built
of stone. Each area has its distinctive stone. In
Bagalkote, it is pink sandstone, in some areas it
is yellow sandstone and in others shabha stone
or pure calcium carbonate shale. The colours vary
from area to area as does the way the stone is
quarried and the preferred shapes and sizes used
for construction. In Ilkal, the stone is granite.
Roof structures are traditionally flat with stone
slabs packed on top with mud. Terracotta pots,
like the ones used for soaking indigo, in the Ilkal
compound, but without a bottom, are inserted
in the roof to provide for ventilation and sunlight.
Terracotta plates are placed on them as lids during
rains; otherwise they are kept open.
Syrian Christian House Kottayam, Kerala
This house from Kuttattukulam, near Kottayam represents the
culture of Kerala’s Christians, who make up 23% of the State’s
population. This house (circa 1850) is representative of many
19th century homes found in and around Kottayam and its
backwaters. The Syrian Christians were traders by tradition,
dealing in Kerala’s commodities such as timber and spices,
and later on, tea and rubber. They controlled the trade from the
nearby mountains and the coast up to Cochin.

The distinctive feature of the Syrian Christian house is its

layout, with the entrance of the house leading directly into the
granary. Prayers are conducted in front of the granary, identified
by the small cross above the door, and not in a separate room
for prayers as in a Hindu house. The addition of a masonry
structure, in 1910, which includes a living room, separate
dining room and kitchen, is a sign of the early westernisation
of the community and the social trend of entertaining guests
in the family home. The original house was west facing with the
kitchen in the northeast.

The basic features of the house are the wood craft and joinery,
using jackfruit and palmyra wood; the underground storage
and general emphasis on storage of food items; the well in the
kitchen; living around a single room; and the deep verandah.
All these features are common to houses of all communities
from the Travancore section of Kerala in the mid 19th century.
To replace the damaged timber of the present house a similar
house from Puttupally was purchased.

Weaver’s Houses Nalgonda, Andhra Pradesh

Most weavers’ houses and other village houses in
Nalgonda and Warangal district follow a style locally
known as bhawanti. The plan used commonly is the
chitra sala, with three bays or sections and a small
courtyard in the middle. The building materials include
bamboo reapers, palmyra beams and semi-circular
roof tiles. If the owner can afford it, the house will have
an outside garden, bathroom and utility area enclosed
by walls and a separate entrance. The plinth is made
of stone blocks with mud mortar and the walls are
either mud or sundried bricks.
The weavers’ house plan is an adaptation of an
agricultural house. The outer enclosed area for animals
is absent in the weavers’ house. The small rooms which
would have been on the left side of the house by the
courtyard have been omitted by the weavers to give
space for a loom and for working space. The weavers
have also chosen a smaller courtyard to minimise the
effects of the monsoon on their weaving.
The weavers’ houses have very limited decorations
and all the materials used are commonly obtained
and have a limited life span.
43
 Inspired to be Green Solar Series
PhotoVoltaic 101
What is Solar India ?
As pointed out in the National Action Plan on climate change “India is a tropical country, where sunshine is available for longer
hours per day and in great intensity. Solar energy, therefore, has great potential as future energy source. It also has the
advantage of permitting the decentralized distribution of energy, thereby empowering people at the grassroots level”. Based on
the vision set out above, a National Solar Mission is being launched under the brand name “Solar India”.

Are solar power systems good for the environment?

Yes! Energy created through solar electric system produces no pollutants. A smallest system typically cuts greenhouse gas
emissions as effectively as 50 trees.

Are solar electric systems safe?

Yes. Solar cells are mostly silicon, the primary component of sand. There is no exhaust and no toxic materials to leak out of
the system. The electricity coming through the inverter is just like the electricity coming from household wall sockets; you
should use the same care you would with utility power. All components are approved for utility interconnection and are installed
according to standard construction practices.

What is a PV array?
An interconnected system of PV modules that function as a single electricity-producing unit. The modules are assembled as a
discrete structure, with common support or mounting. In smaller systems, an array can consist of a single module.

What is a PV system?
A PV system is a complete set of components for converting sunlight into electricity by the photovoltaic process, including
the array and the balance of system components. The BoS components consists of Cables, Structural steel, controller switch
battery, inverter as appropriate.

What does photovoltaic (PV) mean?

The direct conversion of light into electricity.

What is PV conversion efficiency?

The ratio of the electric power produced by a PV device to the power of the
sunlight shining on the device. Typically between 10 to 20%.
What are the different types of solar technologies?
The four types of solar technologies are:
Photovoltaic: Photovoltaic solar cells, which directly convert sunlight into electricity, are made of semiconductor materials. This
can include very simple cells that power calculators and watches, and complex systems that can light houses.
Passive solar heating: Buildings designed for passive solar and day lighting combine building materials that absorb and slowly
release the sun’s heat with design features such as large south-facing windows. No mechanical means are employed.
Concentrating solar power: This technology uses reflective materials such as mirrors to concentrate the sun’s energy and
convert it into electricity.
Solar hot water and space heating and cooling: Solar hot water heaters use the sun to heat either water or a heat-transfer fluid
in collectors.

What is a solar cell and a solar module?

A solar cell or a PV (photovoltaic) cell, has the characteristics to convert sunlight into electrical energy. Each cell is made of
silicon like a computer chip. The silicon is treated so that it generates a flow of electricity when light shines on it. Solar modules
are series of solar cells wired together. A module can be made in many sizes and capacities to suit a user need.

Do solar cells store energy?

No. Solar cells just convert sunlight into an electric current that must be used immediately or stored in batteries to be used later.

Are solar cells a new technology?

Modern solar cells with practical efficiency were invented in the early 1950s, and have been used to power satellites since 1959.
They became popular for terrestrial applications in the mid-1970s, mostly for remote telecommunications, navigational aids and
other rugged, remote industrial uses including microwave, TV, radio and cellular repeater stations. They have been powering
urban applications such as roadside emergency telephones and traffic sign boards since the mid-1980s. With prices dropping
steadily, they are now becoming affordable for urban homes and businesses.

How well do solar modules withstand & work in, inclement weather?
In cloudy weather, solar modules work, although they produce less electricity
than on a sunny day. Under a light overcast, the modules might produce about
half as much as under full sun, ranging down to as little as five to ten percent
under a dark overcast day. If the modules become covered with snow, they stop
producing power, but snow generally melts quickly when the sun strikes the
modules; if you brush the snow off, they resume operation immediately. For In-
dian climatic conditions, where dust and airborne particles are prevalent, with
little dusting the optimum out can be achieved. Generally, good quality modules
can withstand one inch (2.5 cm) hailstones at 50 mph (80.5 kph).

Information & Images courtesy of

MoserBaer, the experts in photovoltaic,. 45
 Artwork : Pascal LESOING f YDEO - Illustration : CALOU
“Fuel” begins by showing us we only only began using oil 150 years ago.
It points out that nearly everything we do requires oil. The problems with
oil are introduced, and Bush is shown saying “America is addicted to oil”.
Enter Josh Tickell. Environmental science student, activist, author,
film buff, and more than anything, a man with a score to settle. We
follow Josh through his formative years, his first science fair project,
his education in Germany, and his personal discovery of biodiesel. Josh
travels the country in his “Veggie Van”, a diesel Winnebago he runs on
bildiesel he makes on the road from used fryer oil. He encounters some
minor publicity and recognition, and is seen more as an oddity than as
a prophet.
We learn how Rudolph Diesel, Henry Ford, and John D Rockefeller
worked against each other in the early days of the automotive industry
to secure their places in the world.
We meet Josh’s mother. She’s sick, as are many others living in places
like Louisiana, where oil is refined. Josh interviews a slew of experts,
learns that reproductive problems, cancer, and a host of other ailments
affect those living in oil producing areas.
Josh’s travels around the world to talk to oil and foreign policy experts
are cut short by news that his family in Louisiana have fallen prey to
Hurricane Katrina. He learns that his anger at the oil companies is getting
him nowhere, so he goes back on the road and tries to learn more and
make new partners.
Source : www.imdb.com. Written by Rebecca Harrel
ORIGINAL SCORE ARMAND AMAR WITH THE VOICE OF GLENN CLOSE SCREENPLAY ISABELLE DELANNOY YANN ARTHUS-BERTRAND DENIS CAROT YEN LE VAN COMMENTARY ISABELLE DELANNOY
TEWFIK FARES YANN ARTHUS-BERTRAND EDITOR YEN LE VAN FIRST ASSISTANT DIRECTOR DOROTHEE MARTIN CINEFLEX CAMERA OPERATOR TANGUY THUAUD PRODUCTION MANAGER JEAN DE TREGOMAIN
COORDINATOR CAMILLE COURAU PRODUCED BY DENIS CAROT AND LUC BESSON
© 2009 - EUROPACORP - ELZEVIR FILMS
www.home-2009.com www.youtube.com/homeproject A ELZEVIR FILMS - EUROPACORP
production
French photogrpaher Yann Arthus-Bertrand is best known for his aerial
photographs of the Earth. His latest project , the movie HOME, was
released on June 5, 2009 to coincie with World Environment Day.
As he has already proved, Arthus-Betrand is a master at identifying col-
ors, angles and paaterns that show the Earth at its most beautiful. These
could be the shadows cast by a train of camels walking through a desert,
the myriad shades of blue and white in glacier in the North pole, or the
symmetrical patterns formed by brightly dyed peices of cloth laid out to
dry in India.
These same skills are brought to bear in HOME, but this time the images
are moving and have a clear message: the Earth, the place we call home
is in trouble and we are largely responsible.
The movie starts by tsking the viewer back to the beginning of time,
and explains how and when life on Earth came about. We learn, for
example, that the world is four billion years old, whereas umans are only
200,000 years old. In the relatively short time we have been around,
however, we have had more impact than any other species. In the last 50
years alone, the movie says, the Earth has been more radically changed
than by all previous generations of humanity. The majority of curent
environmental hot-button issues are touched upon, including industrial
farming and food-production methods, global (fresh) watter shortages,
climate change and rising sea levels and on the dependency on fossil
fuels.
Written by : Cecily Layzell (www.film-festival-releases.suite101.com)
An Inconvenient Truth focuses on Al Gore and his travels in support of his
efforts to educate the public about the severity of the climate crisis. Gore
says, "I've been trying to tell this story for a long time and I feel as if
I've failed to get the message accross." The film closely follows a Keynote
presentation (dubbed "the slide show") that Gore presented throughout the
world. It interperses Gore's exploration of data and predictions regarding
climate change and its potential for disaster with this own life story.
It weaves in events that changed his world view, incluing his college
education with early climate expert Roger Revelle at Harvard University,
his sister's death from lung cancer and his young son's near -fatal car
accident. For comic effect, Gore also uses a clip from the Futurama
episode "Crimes of the Hot" to explain global warming. Gore refers to his
loss to George W.Bush in the 2000 United States presidential election as
"hard blow" yet subsequently "brought into clear focus, the mission (he)
had been pursuing for all these years.
In the slide show, Gore reviews the scientific opinion on climate change,
discusses the politics and economics of global warming, and describes the
consequences he believes global climate change will produce if the amount
of human-generated greenhouse gases is not significantly reduced in
the very near future. A center point of the film is his examination of
the annual temperature and CO2 levels for the past 650,000 years in
Antarctic ice core samples.
Source : Yahoo Movies
The Great Global Warming Swindle is a documentary film that argues
against the scientific consensus that global warming is “very likely due
to the observed increase in anthropogenic (man-made) greenhouse gas
concentrations”.It has been described by both its original broadcaster
Channel 4 and the British regulator Ofcom as “a polemic”.
The film, made by British television producer Martin Durkin, showcases
scientists, economists, politicians, writers, and others who are sceptical
about the scientific theory of anthropogenic global warming. The
programme’s publicity materials assert that man-made global warming
is “a lie” and “the biggest scam of modern times.”
Although the documentary was welcomed by global warming sceptics,
it was criticised heavily by many scientific organisations and individual
scientists (including two of the film’s contributors. The film’s critics
argued that it had misused and fabricated data, relied on out-of-date
research, employed misleading arguments, and misrepresented the po-
sition of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Channel 4
and Wag TV (the production company) accepted some of the criticism,
correcting a few errors in subsequent releases. However according to
Bob Ward (former spokesman for the Royal Society), this still left five
out of seven of the errors and misleading arguments which had been
previously attacked by him and 36 other scientists in an open letter.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
47
Larsen & Toubro Limited
At the Forefront of the Green Building Movement in India
At the headquarters in Chennai, L&T has designed and constructed three buildings, of which one is LEED
Certified. The entire L&T campus is planned with many enviro-friendly concepts such as green belts, water
recycling systems, rain water harvesting structures and energy efficient buildings.

L&T is also a vanguard campaigning the green building concept to customers and educating them that
green buildings may have an initial higher cost of ownership but results in efficient savings in the long run
thereby resulting in quick pay back periods. Presently, L&T is involved in the design and construction of
three buildings- Technology Center III for L&T Info-tech at Chennai; IT Campus for Cognizant Technology at
Chennai and Kolkata- all in accordance to the compliance of green concept.

EDRC, L&T ECC, Chennai

cts,
KOLKATA

cts MEPZ,
CHENNAI
Below are a brief of the credits and their implementation in our projects.

Sustainable Sites
The intent of the prerequisite and credits in this category is to encourage the reuse of existing buildings
and sites, protect the land use and reduce the adverse environmental impact of new developments. To
obtain many of these credits, these features need to be incorporated in the design development and during
construction.

Erosion & Sedimentation Control:

Temporary and permanent seeding, De-silting Chambers, Filtration chambers, Grass turfing along excavated
portions were some of the measures adopted resulting in control over erosion and thereby reducing negative
impacts on water and air quality. They also conform to the best management practices highlighted in the
National Building Code of India (NBC).

“It is our ability to anticipate the

future and react accordingly that will
determine our success.””

Mr.Henning Holck
Larsen, Co-founder
Grass Turfing @ TC III
& Chairman
De Silting Chambers, CTS Kolkatta

Alternative Transportation

Provision of alternative-fuel refueling stations, preferred car parking spaces for Carpools and alternate fuel /
low emitting vehicles reduced pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.

Parking for Alternate Fuel Vehicles @ EDRC Charging Stations @ TC II

49
Reducing site disturbance - Protecting open spaces
Conservation of existing natural areas and promote biodiversity was accomplished through excavations
within prescribed limits, placing of buildings at appropriate location within the site and by minimizing the
development foot print.

Storm water management

Vegetated roofs, Pervious paving, Turf pavers for surface parking, rain water recycling for flushing/irrigation
purpose were incorporated in design to limit disruption of natural water hydrology and to reduce surface
run off and increase on site infiltration.

Sediment & oil on

surface
Concrete block
permeable paving
Sediment trapped
in laying course
and upper geotex-
tile (if present)
Sub-base
Oil biodegradable
Lower geo-textile
Subgrade (ground)

Typical C/S through Pervious Paver

Heat Island Effect – Roof and Non-roof

High Albedo coating (reflective coating) on terrace surface and provision of more than 50% parking under
covered surface reduces Heat islands to minimize impact on microclimate and human and wildlife habitat.
Use of Turf pavers for parking reduces the percentage of site’s hardscape area which is main cause for
heat island effect.

Max. Candela doesn’t exit through Windows Albedo Coating on terrace at CTS MEPZ

Light Pollution Reduction

Lighting is one of the critical components of Green building design; accounting for 23% of a typical office
building’s energy use. Lighting design is also an important factor in raising the productivity level of office
workers. Over the years, recommended illumination levels have gradually come down, from the brightly
lit fluorescent workplaces of the 1970s, where 100 foot-candles was the recommended luminance, to
today’s standard Green building design of 30 foot-candles at the work surface. Provision of lighting only
for places requiring safety and comfort, elimination of façade lighting & light trespassing from building
interiors through transparent surfaces are some of the measures being adopted in our projects.
Water Efficiency 51

This category of credits is aimed at water-use reduction and use of waste water technologies. No prerequisites
exist for this category. Use of high-efficiency irrigation technology, rainwater use for irrigation and use of high
efficiency plumbing fixture are some of the design strategies. All plumbing fixtures should meet or exceed
the performance requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 1992. Typical documentation and performance
calculations involve calculating the total water demands of the facility and the level of water use reduction
demonstrated by the design.

Recycling Site Water

for Drip Irrigation

Water Efficient Landscaping

Use of efficient irrigation systems like sprinkler, drip irrigation & timer controls, use of storm water/ recycled
water and usage of Native species for landscape reduces or eliminate the usage of potable water for irrigation.

Innovative Wastewater Technologies

Installation of sewage treatment plant to treat 100% waste water generated on site to tertiary standards and
usage of this grey water for 100% sewage conveyance thereby reducing the generation of wastewater and
potable water demand, helps in local aquifer recharge.

Water Use Reduction

Strategies that in aggregate use less water than the water use baseline calculated for the building like high
efficiency fixtures with sensors, low flow fixtures to reduce the potable water demand and to maximize water
efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and wastewater systems.

Sensor Controlled Flushing @ Low Flow WC Sewage treatment Plant @

EDRC CTS MEPZ
Energy & Atmosphere
Energy efficiency, renewable energy and ozone protection are the main goals of this category of credits.
Most energy efficiency measures present an excellent rate of return.

Fundamental Building Systems Commissioning

The commissioning process is a quality based process that is adopted by an owner to consistently
achieve successful construction project. Installation, functional performance, training and operation and
maintenance documentation should be verified. An area requiring careful coordination is the creation of
operation and maintenance manual.

Minimum Energy Performance

Building envelope and building systems were designed to maximize energy performance after a careful
study on Break up of energy consumption by various systems and heat gain by various building components.
The minimum level of energy efficiency for the base building and systems has to be established.

Breakup of Energy Consumption Breakup of Heat Gain through various

in a Building Building Components
CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment
Zero use of CFC/HCFC based refrigerants in new building HVAC&R base building systems & fire suppression
systems that do not contain HCFC and Halons to reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance
with the Montreal protocol.

Optimize Energy Performance

Occupancy sensors for lighting control, Double Glazing with low U Value, Insulation, Albedo coating for roof,
Wall/Glazing ratio, high efficient chiller systems are few design strategies adopted to achieve increasing
levels of energy performance above the standard to reduce environmental impacts associated with
excessive energy use. There should be reduction in the design energy cost budget for regulated energy
components too.

Measurement and Verification

M&V (sometimes called monitoring and verification) is the capability to track the performance of a piece
of equipment, a mechanical system, or an entire building. Ideally, this tracking allows for adjustments that
reduce resource use and operating costs.

Green Power
It should be confirmed that the company has installed the Green power such as solar, wind, geothermal,
biomass or low impact hydro services (off site) to minimum of 35% of the total energy requirement of the
building or it could be done as on-site renewable energy generation.
Materials & Resources
This category is aimed at reducing the life-cycle environmental impact of materials and provides credits
for waste reduction, materials reuse and recycling. Building material choices are important in sustainable
design because of the extensive network of extraction, processing and transportation steps required to
process them.

Storage and Collection of Recyclables

A dedicated area for separation, collection and storage of materials in an easily accessible area have been
designed to serve the entire building, thereby reducing the waste generated by buildings occupants that is
hauled to and disposed of in landfills.

Collection, Quantifying & Segregation of waste for Recycling at EDRC

Construction Waste Management
Construction wastes like concrete, masonry were reused for making of temporary road, infrastructure fill
etc, where as Steel was reused in making of precast item, grade slab, drain etc, and other recyclables
materials like wood, Cardboard were diverted back to the manufacturing process. Implementation of waste
management plan, quantifying material diversion by weight and designation of specific area on the site for
recycling were considered during construction phase.

Recycled Content
Building products that have incorporated recycled content materials were generally used to reduce the
impacts resulting from extraction and processing of new virgin materials.

Usage of Broken tiles for Material Resource Radius Fly ash Bricks –
feature wall at CTS Kolkata 30% Recycled Content
Local / Regional Materials
Materials were procured within a circle of 800km from project site to increase the demand for building prod-
ucts that is manufactured locally, thereby reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation
and to support the local economy.
LEED Demands- 20% of Total Material Cost to be manufactured within 800 Km from Project Site and 50% of
above to be locally harvested/extracted. 53
Indoor Environmental Quality
The credit requirements in this category are aimed at reducing indoor pollutants/ contaminants, improving
the thermal comfort, indoor air and lighting quality. The results are increased market value for buildings
and greater productivity for building occupants.

Minimum IAQ performance

LEED demands enhancement in indoor air quality of buildings, thus contributing to the comfort and
well- being of the occupants.

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control

Prohibition of smoking in the building except in designated smoking areas and location of designated
smoking rooms.

Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring

Permanent CO2 sensors are provided at return air duct to monitor the Carbon dioxide levels in the occupied
spaces to control the outdoor air flow by the ventilation system, which helps to sustain occupant comfort
and well being.

Construction IAQ Management Plan

Design Approaches of the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association were
incorporated to protect stored on-site or installed absorptive materials from moisture damage. After
construction ends and prior to occupancy a minimum two-week building flush-out with 100% outside air
is conducted.
Protection of moisture
Absorbing Materials

CO2 Sensor at Return Air

Duct, EDRC Chennai
Thermal Comfort Design and Verification
Provision of comfortable thermal environment by incorporating comfort criteria that support the productivity
and well being of building occupants and assessment of building thermal comfort over time.

Low-Emitting Materials
Materials were chosen with utmost care having least/No VOC- Volatile Organic Compound to reduce the
quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous or potentially irritating harmful to the comfort and
well-being of installer and building occupants.
Openable Windows capable
to suit user Conditions at CTS
MEPZ

Permanent Entry Way Systems

at CTS MEPZ

Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control

To minimize exposure of building occupants to potentially hazardous particulates and chemicals.
Installation of permanent entryway systems of six feet long in the primary direction of travel to capture
dirt and particulates from entering the building.
LEED Accredited Professional
L&T has in-house LEED Accredited Professional and a Green team who supports towards the Certification
process of the Building.

Conclusion
The environmental impact of the construction industry is very significant. Urbanization shifts land usage
away from natural, biologically-diverse habitats to hardscapes that are impervious and devoid of biodiversity.
The far reaching influence of the built environment necessitates action to reduce its impact. There is a
study that buildings annually consume more than 20% of the electricity used in India. So it is imperative
to include energy efficient ideas right from the design stage of the buildings. Green building practices can
substantially reduce or eliminate negative environmental impacts and improve existing unsustainable
design, construction and operational practices. In short, green building design benefits all spectrums such
as environmental, economic, and social (including owners, occupants and the general public). And L&T shall
be a torch-bearer for all.

GREEN BUILDING MOVEMENT

Today, India is becoming a developed nation. She is heading towards
the Golden Age. L&T ECC has been in the forefront in every facet of her
development. The vision of a “Young and Green India” has always been
part of our system. Green Movement has been part of our designs in all our
projects from the beginning- always giving only the best to the people, the
country and world at large. Our buildings have always had Green Features
though the certification processes came into existence few years ago.
As a responsible corporate citizen, L&T has implemented many green
initiatives and wherever possible tried to construct buildings as a
contribution towards sustainable environmental concern. We have always
been foresighted in this regard. To quote the words of Sri.A.M.Naik,
Chairman & Managing Director, L&T,
“Given the nature of business, L&T’s own operations have a minimal impact
on the environment. Many of our business activities exhibit our sensitivity
towards environment.”
We facilitate the adaption of clean fuel technologies in refineries, enable
petrochemical projects and process plants to reduce emission levels. We
proactively introduce environment-friendly technologies before they become
a regulatory requirement and facilitate the use of cleaner alternative energy
sources through our association with nuclear power program.
We are focusing on the challenging segment of super critical boilers
and turbines that enhance operational efficiencies and minimize carbon
emission.

We have ventured into the construction of “Green buildings”.

Our Thanks to Ar.Nagalingam(LEED AP), Ar.S.Vasuki,
Ar.K.Sundararaman EDRC, L&T ECC, Chennai
the authors of this article.
55
The Importance of
Windows in Buildings
Windows are a critical component of a green building ‘s
envelope system. The same way that our skin helps to
protect us from the environment, the building
envelope should be able to protect the spaces from
the harsh climatic conditions of the exterior
environment. The building envelope should perform
basic functions like

1. Prevent loss / gain of heat energy

2. Be air / water tight to prevent infiltration
3. Allow natural daylight and permit views

Selecting the right windows is a critical aspect of

designing an energy-efficient building. Windows
provide important solar heat gain, but they are also the
least insulating part of the building envelope. For
example, a highly insulated wall may have an R-value
of 30, while a typical low-E window may only be R4. It
is therefore important to understand the ‘net’ energy
flows through a window, and how best to select the
right window for the application.

Types of Frames: Types of Windows:

1. Wood frames 1. Casements
2. Aluminum Frames 2. Siders
3. U PVC 3. Tilt up / Down
4. Combinations

Advantages of U PVC Windows:

• Durability: U-PVC frames do not rot, rust or corrode
and as they do not absorb moisture - they will not
warp, twist or split.
• Insulation and savings: U-PVC profiles have high
thermal and acoustic insulation performance. It can
save upto 35% of your energy requirement.
• Combustion Resistant: U-PVC frames will only burn
when subjected to an external heat source and once
the source is removed, the flames will self
extinguish.
• Weather Performance: Correctly manufactured and
installed U-PVC windows and doors have excellent
weather resistance and will comply with the
requirements of all relevant BS standards.
• Design Capabilities: U-PVC window designs
reproduce most existing and traditional styles.
• Minimal Maintenance: Easy to maintain by
occasional cleaning with a mild detergent, such as
soapy water.
 aluplast GmbH I Kunststoff-Fenstersysteme
Auf der Breit2 II D-76227 Karlsruhe II Fon +49I0I721 47171-0II
Fax +49 I0I721 47171-999 II info@aluplast.de II www.aluplast.de
India office :
B-26, Second Floor, Lajpat Nagar - III, New Delhi - 1120024
Ph.: 011-2983 0646, Fac: 011-2983 0647 II info@aluplastindia.com II
II www.aluplasr.in/ www.aluplast.com II
 (to be Green)
Inspired^ Readers...
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