SCE3105 PHYSICS IN CONTEXT Practical Investigation Involving PCK (Pedagogical Content Kno ledge!

o" t#e Pri$ar% Sc#ool Science C&rric&l&$'

Ta(le O" Contents

PCK 1 2 3 Newtons laws of motion

To)ic

Page 2-3 4-5 "

Buoyancy, floating and sinking Equilib ium and t!e momet y

Practical Investigation Involving PCK (Pedagogical Content Kno ledge! o" t#e Pri$ar% Sc#ool Science C&rric&l&$' PCK 1* +or, and $ac#ines

-earning O&tco$e* #o build a sim$le and com$ound mac!ine% .aterials& 'nclined $lane, load, $ulley and block of wood /ctivit%* ( ocedu es& 1% )et u$ two sets of inclined $lane as s!own below& /%5 m m
1/ cm

0&ilding a si$)le and co$)o&nd $ac#ine'

1m block of wood
1/ cm

# y $us!ing t!e same load u$ bot! inclined $lane% *!ic! is easie + *!en you double t!e lengt! of an inclined $lane, you ,,,,,,,,,,,,, t!e mec!anical ad-antage% 2% Build 4 sets of $ulley wit! t!e same load attac!ed as s!own below%

*!ic! set of $ulley equi es t!e least fo ce to lift t!e load+ E.$lain%

3%

'dentify a $ oblem eg !ow to $luck f uits f om a tall t ee% (lan and design a model t!at inco $o ate sim$le mac!ines to o-e come t!e $ oblem% E.$lain !ow you can im$ o-e you models mec!anical ad-antages and efficiency% * ite a e$o t on t!e abo-e 3 acti-ities based on t!e following fo mat& 'dentifying t!e $ oblem, fo ming a !y$ot!esis, testing you !y$ot!esis, eco ding and analy0ing you data and conclusions%

4%

1aste y 2f 3nowledge 4nd )kills 5uestions& 1% 4t t!e end of t!ese acti-ities, answe t!e following questions& 6a7 6b7 *!at !a-e you lea nt f om t!ese acti-ities+ 61/ ma ks7 *!ic! $a t of t!e $ ima y science cu iculum teac!es t!is $a ticula to$ic+ 62 ma ks7 6c7 8iscuss !ow you can use t!ese acti-ities in you teac!ing and lea ning+ 61/ ma ks7 6d7 *!at was t!e ole of t!e teac!e in t!ese acti-ities+ 63 ma ks7

Practical Investigation Involving PCK (Pedagogical Content Kno ledge! o" t#e Pri$ar% Sc#ool Science C&rric&l&$' PCK 1* 0&o%anc%2 "loating and sin,ing

-earning O&tco$e* #o in-estigate conditions essential fo buoyancy, floating and sinking .aterials& #wo measu ing cylinde , saline solution, 2 eggs, wate t oug!, and 5 balls of $lasticene 6eac! 5/g7% /ctivit% * ( ocedu es& 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% "% 9ill two measu ing cylinde full, one wit! ta$ wate and t!e ot!e wit! saline solution% (lace an egg in eac! and obse -e w!at !a$$ens% #ake 3 balls of $lasticene, eac! measu ing 5/g% 9as!ion 2 of t!e balls into t!e s!a$e of a boat, one wit! low sides and t!e ot!e wit! !ig!e sides% (lace t!e 5/g ball and t!e two boats into a wate t oug! filled : full wit! wate % ;eco d you obse -ations% Now take anot!e two 5/g ball and slowly $lace eac! of t!em at t!e cent e of eac! boat% ;eco d you obse -ations% )tate t!e infe ences fo eac! of t!ese obse -ations% * ite a e$o t on t!e abo-e acti-ity based on t!e following fo mat& 'dentifying t!e $ oblem, fo ming a !y$ot!esis, testing you !y$ot!esis, eco ding and analy0ing you data and conclusions% Investigating #% a (od% "loat or sin, in a (od% o" li3&id

5uestions& 1% 2% 3% *!y does an ob<ect float o sink in a body of liquid+ =an an ob<ect w!ic! is dense t!an wate float on wate + E.$lain% )tate t!e facto s w!ic! affect t!e buoyancy of an ob<ect%

1aste y 2f 3nowledge 4nd )kills 5uestions& 1% 4t t!e end of t!ese acti-ities, answe t!e following questions& 6a7 *!at !a-e you lea nt f om t!ese acti-ities+ 61/ ma ks7 6b7 *!ic! $a t of t!e $ ima y science cu iculum teac!es t!is $a ticula to$ic+ 62 ma ks7

6c7 8iscuss !ow you can use t!ese acti-ities in you teac!ing and lea ning+ 61/ ma ks7 6d7 *!at was t!e ole of t!e teac!e in t!ese acti-ities+ 63 ma ks7

Practical Investigation Involving PCK (Pedagogical Content Kno ledge! o" t#e Pri$ar% Sc#ool Science C&rric&l&$' PCK 3* E3&ili(ri&$ and t#er$o$etr%

-earning O&tco$e* #o design and build effecti-e food containe s to kee$ you t!ings !ot and cold% .aterials& 9ood 6!ot c!icken and coco-cola7, $olysty ene s!eet 61 m > 1m7, ice, ca dboa d bo., b own $a$e , cotton wool, $lastic bags, sawdust, coconut !usk, glue, st ing, and cello$!ane ta$e% /ctivit% * ( ocedu es& 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% "% 9i st identify t!e mate ials t!at a e good !eat insulato s% 8esign food containe s to kee$ you food !ot and cold% 8 aw you $lans% E.$lain you $lans% 1ake you models% #est t!em out% * ite a e$o t on t!e abo-e acti-ity based on t!e following fo mat& 'dentifying t!e $ oblem, fo ming a !y$ot!esis, testing you !y$ot!esis, eco ding and analy0ing you data and conclusions% 0&ilding "ood containers to ,ee) %o&r t#ings #ot and cold%

5uestions& 1% 2% 4 e you models effecti-e+ *!y o w!y not+ *e use a ef ige ato to kee$ ou food cold% ?ow does it $e fo m t!is task+

1aste y 2f 3nowledge 4nd )kills 5uestions& 1% 4t t!e end of t!ese acti-ities, answe t!e following questions& 6a7 *!at !a-e you lea nt f om t!ese acti-ities+ 61/ ma ks7 6b7 *!ic! $a t of t!e $ ima y science cu iculum teac!es t!is $a ticula to$ic+ 62 ma ks7 6c7 8iscuss !ow you can use t!ese acti-ities in you teac!ing and lea ning+ 61/ ma ks7 6d7 *!at was t!e ole of t!e teac!e in t!ese acti-ities+ 63 ma ks7 "

SCE3105 PHYSICS IN CONTEXT Practical /ctivities

Ta(le O" Contents

Practical 1 2 3 4 5 "

To)ic 1easu ement in e-e yday life 9o ce and motion 1aking music B )ound quality 1ic osco$es and telesco$es Elect ical ci cuits 'nduction and t ansmission of elect ic cu ent

Page @-A 1/-11 12-13 14 15-1" 1C-1A

Practical 1*

.eas&re$ent in ever%da% li"e (4 #o&rs!'

-earning O&tco$e* #o take and com$a e measu ements using diffe ent ty$es of inst uments% Instr&$ents 5 .aterials& 1ete ule, -e nie cali$e s, mic omete sc ew-gauge, beam balance, elect onic balance, a $iece of co$$e wi e, $encil, !ai and a teas$oon of sand% /ctivit% 1* ( ocedu es& 1% 2% 3% By using t!e mete ule, -e nie cali$e s and mic omete sc ew-gauge, measu e t!e diamete of a $encil, $iece of co$$e wi e, and a st and of you own !ai % ;e$eat you measu ements% #abulate you esults% .eas&ring lengt#

1aste y 2f 3nowledge 4nd )kills 5uestions& 1% 2f t!e t! ee measu ing inst uments used to measu e lengt!, w!ic! is t!e most $ ecise+ *!ic! is t!e most accu ate+ 64 ma ks7 'f a student uses a mete ule to measu e t!e t!ickness of an ob<ect, it is not ealistic fo !im to eco d t!e eading as 4%32 cm% E.$lain w!y+ 63 ma ks7 *!at inst ument would you use to measu e t!e t!ickness of a $iece of $a$e + E.$lain% 64 ma ks7 .eas&ring $ass

2%

3%

/ctivit% 1* ( ocedu es& 1% 2% 3%

By using t!e beam balance and t!e elect onic balance, measu e t!e mass of a $iece of $encil and a teas$oon of sand% ;e$eat you measu ements% #abulate you esults%

1aste y 2f 3nowledge 4nd )kills 5uestions& 1% 2f t!e two measu ing inst uments used to measu e mass, w!ic! is t!e most $ ecise+ *!ic! is t!e most accu ate+ E.$lain% 6" ma ks7 Name anot!e balance w!ic! can be use to measu e mass in e-e yday life% 62 ma ks7 3% *!at !a-e you lea nt f om t!e abo-e two acti-ities+ 6" ma ks7

2%

NOTE* 1% 2% #!e accu acy of a measu ed -alue& !ow close it is likely to be to t!e t ue -alue% ( ecision is not t!e same as accu acy% 4 c!ea$ digital watc! t!at says t!e time is A&34&45 a%m% is -e y $ ecise 6t!e time is gi-en to t!e second7 but if t!e watc! uns se-e al minutes slow, t!en t!is -alue isnt -e y accu ate% 4 g andfat!e clock mig!t be -e y accu ate 6i%e% it dis$lays t!e co ect time7 but if t!e clock !as no second !and, it isnt -e y $ ecise%

3%

Practical 1*

6orce and $otion (4 #o&rs!' #o identify t!e diffe ent ty$es of fo ce in diffe ent conte.ts% #o measu e t!e accele ation of a f eely falling ob<ect%

-earning O&tco$es* 17 27 .aterials&

4 wooden block, a $ing-$ong ball, a st etc!ed wi e on a wooden block, a beake and a book /ctivit% 1* ( ocedu es& 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% "% (lace a wooden block on t!e floo % Di-e t!e wooden block a $us! and eco d you obse -ations% #! ow a $ing-$ong ball u$ into t!e ai % ;eco d you obse -ations% #ie a $iece of wi e tig!tly between 2 nails !amme ed into a $iece of wood% #ouc! t!e wi e% ;eco d you obse -ations% (lace a $ing-$ong ball into a beake of wate % # y $us!ing t!e ball into t!e wate % ;eco d you obse -ations% (lace a book on t!e $alm of you !and% ;eco d you obse -ations )tate t!e infe ences fo eac! of t!ese obse -ations% Identi"%ing di""erent t%)es o" "orce in di""erent conte7ts %

/ctivit% 1* .aterials&

.eas&ring t#e acceleration o" a "reel% "alling o(8ect%

4 ticke -time , ticke ta$e, clam$, $owe $ack, connecting wi es, masses of 3// g, 45/ g and "// g and cello ta$e ( ocedu es& 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% "% (lace a c!ai on to$ of a table% =lam$ a ticke -time onto t!e u$$e side of t!e c!ai % 9i. a $iece of ticke ta$e t! oug! t!e ticke -time and t!en cellota$e a 3//g mass to t!e ta$e% )witc! on t!e ticke -time and let t!e mass fall f eely downwa ds% =ut t!e ta$e into 2 dots st i$s and a ange t!em to fo m a g a$!% ;e$eat ste$ 3 by using masses of 45/ g and "// g% 9o eac! case, build a g a$! f om t!ei st i$s and t!en dete mine t!ei accele ations%

1/

1aste y 2f 3nowledge 4nd )kills 5uestions& 1% 4 e t!e -alues of accele ation of t!e diffe ent masses obtained equal to g 6accele ation due to g a-ity on ea t!7+ E.$lain% 6" ma ks7 2% *!at conclusion can be made about t!e fo ce acting on a f eely falling ob<ect+ 65 ma ks7 3% 'f t!is e.$e iment was done on t!e moon, will t!e -alue of accele ation of t!e diffe ent masses obtained be equal to g+ E.$lain% 6" ma ks7 *!at !a-e you lea nt f om t!e abo-e two acti-ities+ 6@ ma ks7

4%

11

Practical 3*

So&nd 3&alit% (4 #o&rs!'

-earning O&tco$e* #o demonst ate and e.$lain !ow diffe ent sound quality is $ oduced% .aterials& 3 identical glass bottles, wate , tuning fo k, bowl, mete ule, and $encil% /ctivit% * ( ocedu es& 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% "% 9ill a bowl wit! wate % #a$ a tuning fo k against t!e sole of you s!oes% (lace t!e ti$ of one of t!e $ ongs in t!e wate % *!at do you obse -e+ #a$ t!e tuning fo k again% ( edict w!at will !a$$en w!en you !old it nea you ea % *!at do you !ea + (ut wate into 3 identical glass bottles so t!at bottle 4 is E full, bottle B is F full and bottle = is : full% 1easu e t!e distance f om t!e to$ of eac! bottle to t!e su face of t!e wate % #!en measu e t!e !eig!t of t!e wate in eac! bottle% ;eco d you measu ements% ( edict t!e diffe ence in $itc! you will !ea if you blow ac oss t!e to$ of eac! bottle in tu n% Di-e easons fo you $ edictions% #est you $ ediction by blowing o-e t!e to$ of eac! bottle% Gisten to t!e sound you $ oduce% 8esc ibe eac! sound in te ms of its $itc! B low, medium o !ig!% ;eco d t!e $itc! of eac! sound% *!en you gently ta$ t!e side of a bottle wit! a $encil, you $ oduce anot!e sound% 8o you t!ink t!e sound will be simila to o diffe ent f om t!e sound $ oduced by blowing ac oss t!e to$ of t!e bottle+ E.$lain% #est you $ ediction by ta$$ing on t!e side of eac! bottle wit! a $encil% ;eco d t!e $itc! of eac! sound% 9e$onstrating t#e )rod&ction o" di""erent so&nd 3&alit%'

C%

@%

1aste y 2f 3nowledge 4nd )kills 5uestions& 1% 'n $ ocedu e ", w!ic! bottle $ oduced t!e !ig!est $itc!+ *!at caused t!e c!ange in $itc! f om bottle to bottle+ 64 ma ks7 8esc ibe !ow t!e sound is $ oduced in $ ocedu e @+ *!ic! bottle $ oduced t!e !ig!est $itc!+ *!at caused t!e c!ange in $itc! f om bottle to bottle+ 6" ma ks7 =om$a e t!e sounds you $ oduce by blowing ac oss t!e to$ of t!e bottles wit! t!ose $ oduced by ta$$ing on t!e bottles% *!at was t!e diffe ence in $itc! fo eac! bottle+ E.$lain you obse -ations% 64 ma ks7

2%

3%

12

4%

By looking at you data table, !ow does t!e lengt! of t!e column of ai affect t!e $itc!+ ?ow does t!e !eig!t of t!e wate affect t!e $itc!+ 64 ma ks7 *!at conclusions can you d aw about t!e elations!i$ between t!e sounds $ oduced and t!e medium t! oug! w!ic! t!e sound t a-els+ 63 ma ks7 THINK* Hiolins a e st inged inst uments% 9lutes and cla inets a e woodwinds, and t um$ets a e b ass inst uments% *!at do all t!ese musical inst uments !a-e in common+ 64 ma ks7

5%

"%

13

Practical 4*

.icrosco)es and telesco)es (4 #o&rs!'

-earning O&tco$e* #o dete mine t!e conditions essential fo inc easing t!e magnification $owe of bot! t!e ast onomical telesco$e and com$ound mic osco$e% .aterials& 1ounting od, $lasticene, lens !olde s, con-e. lenses 6I2%5 8, IC 8, I14 8, I 2/ 87 /ctivit% 1* ( ocedu es& 1% 2% 3% Jou a e gi-en con-e ging lenses of diffe ent focal lengt!s% 8esc ibe wit! t!e !el$ of a diag am !ow you set u$ a sim$le ast onomical telesco$e% Build you sim$le ast onomical telesco$e and test it out by focusing on a distant ob<ect% 8ete mine t!e magnification of you telesco$e% ?ow can you inc ease t!e magnification $owe of t!e telesco$e+ #est out you idea% 0&ilding a co$)o&nd $icrosco)e% 0&ilding a si$)le astrono$ical telesco)e'

/ctivit% 1* ( ocedu es& 1% 2% 3%

Jou a e gi-en con-e ging lenses of diffe ent focal lengt!s% 8esc ibe wit! t!e !el$ of a diag am !ow you set u$ a com$ound mic osco$e% Build you com$ound mic osco$e and test it out by focusing on a tiny ob<ect% 8ete mine t!e magnification of you com$ound mic osco$e% ?ow can you inc ease t!e magnification $owe of t!e com$ound mic osco$e+ #est out you idea%

1aste y 2f 3nowledge 4nd )kills 5uestions& 1% )tate t!e functions of bot! t!e ob<ecti-e and eye lenses of t!e ast onomical telesco$e% 64 ma ks7 ?ow do you inc ease t!e magnification $owe of bot! t!e ast onomical telesco$e% and com$ound mic osco$e+ 65 ma ks7 *!at $ ecautions !a-e you taken in unde taking t!e abo-e $ o<ects+ *!y+ 6@ ma ks7 4% *!at !a-e you lea nt f om t!e abo-e two acti-ities+ 6@ ma ks7

2%

3%

14

Practical 5*

Electrical circ&its (4 #o&rs!'

-earning O&tco$e* #o dete mine t!e ad-antages and disad-antages of se ies and $a allel ci cuits% .aterials& Batte y !olde , batte ies, se-e al insulated wi es, ammete , -oltmete and lig!t bulbs /ctivit% 1* ( ocedu es& 1% =onst uct bot! t!e ci cuits s!own below by using a batte y !olde , a batte y, se-e al insulated wi es and two lig!t bulbs fo eac! ci cuit% 0&ilding a si$)le series and )arallel circ&its'

2% 3% 4% 5% "%

=onnect all wi es and obse -e t!e lig!t bulbs% Now connect t!e ammete and -oltmete in bot! t!e abo-e ci cuits% =onst uct a suitable table to eco d t!e eadings% Now unsc ew one bulb in eac! ci cuit% 2bse -e t!e emaining bulbs and also eco d down t!e eadings of bot! t!e ammete and -oltmete in eac! ci cuit% Now connect anot!e bulb in se ies to ci cuit 4% 2bse -e t!e emaining bulbs and also eco d down t!e eadings of bot! t!e ammete and -oltmete % Now connect anot!e bulb in $a allel to ci cuit B% 2bse -e t!e emaining bulbs and also eco d down t!e eadings of bot! t!e ammete and -oltmete %

1aste y 2f 3nowledge 4nd )kills 5uestions& 1% *!at !a$$ens to t!e bulbs in a se ies ci cuit if one of t!e bulbs bu ns out+ E.$lain% 63 ma ks7 2% *!at !a$$ens to t!e bulbs in a $a allel ci cuit if one of t!e bulbs bu ns out+ E.$lain% 63 ma ks7 3% Jou a e building a st ing of lig!ts using se-e al bulbs% ?ow is t!e b ig!tness of t!e lig!ts elated to w!et!e you connect t!e bulbs in se ies o in $a allel+ 64 ma ks7

15

4%

*!at !a$$ens to t!e bulbs in a se ies ci cuit if anot!e bulb is connected in se ies to it+ E.$lain 63 ma ks7 *!at !a$$ens to t!e bulbs in a $a allel ci cuit if anot!e bulb is connected in $a allel to it+ E.$lain% 63 ma ks7 0&ilding a co$(ined series and )arallel circ&it

5%

/ctivit% 1* ( ocedu es& 1%

=onst uct t!e ci cuit s!own below by using a batte y !olde , a batte y, a switc!, se-e al insulated wi es and t! ee lig!t bulbs%

2% 3% 4% 5%

=onnect t!e switc! and obse -e t!e lig!t bulbs% Now connect t!e ammete and -oltmete to measu e t!e cu ent and $otential diffe ence t! oug! eac! bulb% =onst uct a suitable table to eco d t!e eadings% Now emo-e bulb 1% 2bse -e t!e emaining bulbs and also eco d down t!e eadings of bot! t!e ammete and -oltmete % Now emo-e bulb 2% 2bse -e t!e emaining bulbs and also eco d down t!e eadings of bot! t!e ammete and -oltmete %

9 1aste y 2f 3nowledge 4nd )kills 5uestions& 1% *!at !a$$ens to t!e ot!e bulbs in t!e ci cuit w!en bulb 1 is emo-ed+ E.$lain% 63 ma ks7 2% *!at !a$$ens to t!e ot!e bulbs in t!e ci cuit w!en bulb 2 is emo-ed+ E.$lain% 63 ma ks7

1"

3%

*ould you want t!e ci cuits in you !ome to be se ies o $a allel ci cuits o a combination of bot!+ E.$lain you easoning% 63 ma ks7 Ind&ction and trans$ission o" electric c&rrent (4 #o&rs!'

Practical :*

-earning O&tco$e* #o in-estigate t!e facto s w!ic! affect t!e magnitude of t!e cu ent induced% .aterials& =o$$e coil, gal-anomete , and magnets, /ctivit% 1* ( ocedu es& 1% 2% *ind a co$$e coil of 1/-2/ tu ns a ound two finge s% =onnect t!ei f ee ends to a sensiti-e gal-anomete % 'n-estigate w!at !a$$ens w!en t!e& (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 3% 4% No t! $ole of magnet is mo-ed into t!e coil+ No t! $ole of magnet is mo-ed out of t!e coil+ No t! $ole of magnet is mo-ed -e y quickly into t!e coil+ coil is mo-ed o-e t!e magnet+ magnet is ke$t stationa y in t!e middle of t!e coil+ Investigating ind&ced c&rrents'

;e$eat $ ocedu es 2 6a7 to 6e7 using t!e )out! $ole of t!e magnet% Now wind a co$$e coil of 4/ tu ns a ound two finge s% =onnect t!ei f ee ends to a sensiti-e gal-anomete % ;e$eat $ ocedu es 2 6a7 to 6e7 using t!e No t! $ole of t!e magnet% 1ake a st onge magnet by using two o t! ee magnets fastened toget!e wit! t!ei No t! $oles all at t!e same end% ;e$eat $ ocedu es 2 6a7 to 6e7 wit! t!is st onge magnet%

5%

1aste y 2f 3nowledge 4nd )kills 5uestions& 1% 2% *!at !a$$ens w!en a magnet is mo-ed into t!e coil+ E.$lain% 62 ma ks7 *!at !a$$ens w!en a magnet is ke$t stationa y in t!e middle of t!e coil+ E.$lain% 62 ma ks7 3% 4% 5% *!at !a$$ens w!en a magnet is mo-ed -e y quickly into t!e coil+ E.$lain% 62 ma ks7 *!at !a$$ens w!en a st onge magnet is mo-ed into t!e coil+ E.$lain% 62 ma ks7 *!at !a$$ens w!en a magnet is into a coil wit! mo e tu ns+ E.$lain% 62 ma ks7 1C

"%

*!at must you do to inc ease t!e magnitude of t!e cu ent induced+ 61 ma ks7 0&ilding a ste);&) and a ste);do n trans"or$er

/ctivit% 1*

-earning O&tco$e* #o demonst ate t!e use of t ansfo me s in t!e t ansmission of elect icity% .aterials& (H= co-e ed co$$e wi e, soft i on =-co e, a%c% $owe su$$ly, switc!, bulb, a%c% ammete , a%c% -oltmete , and =-co e clam$% ( ocedu es& 1% *ind about 1/ tu ns of (H= co-e ed co$$e wi e a ound a soft i on =-co e and connect t!e coil to a a%c% $owe su$$ly and a switc!% #!is coil is efe ed to as t!e $ ima y coil% *ind about 25 tu ns of wi e a ound anot!e =-co e and connect t!e ends of t!e coil to a bulb% #!e diag am below s!ows !ow mete s a e connected to measu e t!e cu ent and t!e $otential diffe ence in t!e $ ima y coil%

2%

3%

Now econnect t!e mete s to measu e t!e cu ent and t!e $otential diffe ence in t!e seconda y coil as s!own in t!e diag am below%

1@

4%

'n t!e abo-e t ansfo me , t!e numbe of tu ns in t!e seconda y is la ge t!an t!e $ ima y% *!at is t!e name of t!is t ansfo me + #u n on t!e switc! and eco d you measu ements% Now e-e se t!e connections of bot! t!e $ ima y and seconda y coils% #!e numbe of tu ns in t!e seconda y is now smalle t!an t!e $ ima y% *!at is t!e name of t!is t ansfo me + #u n on t!e switc! and eco d you measu ements%

5%

1aste y 2f 3nowledge 4nd )kills 5uestions& 1% 9o a ste$-u$ t ansfo me , w!ic! cu ent do you e.$ect to be t!e la ge B $ ima y cu ent o seconda y cu ent+ 61 ma ks7 ?ow do you measu e t!e $owe in$ut and $owe out$ut fo t!e ste$-u$ t ansfo me and w!at a e t!ei -alues+ 62 ma ks7 =alculate t!e atio of t!e $owe out$ut to $owe in$ut% *!at is t!is atio called+ 62 ma ks7 4% 'n t!e t ansmission of elect icity, t!e $owe loss in eac! elect ic cable is calculated by using t!e fo mula, (owe loss in eac! cable K '2 ; ?ow can t!is $owe loss be educed+ 62 ma ks7 5% E.$lain t!e ole of t!e ste$-u$ t ansfo me in !el$ing to educe $owe loss du ing t!e t ansmission of elect icity% 62 ma ks7 9o a ste$-down t ansfo me , w!ic! cu ent do you e.$ect to be t!e la ge B $ ima y cu ent o seconda y cu ent+ 61 ma ks7 w!e e ' is t!e cu ent and ; is t!e esistance of a cable

2%

3%

"%

1A

C%

*!at a e t!e -alues of t!e $owe in$ut and $owe out$ut fo t!e ste$-down t ansfo me + 62 ma ks7 E.$lain t!e ole of t!e ste$-down t ansfo me in t!e t ansmission of elect icity% 62 ma ks7

@%

2/