TUTORIAL 2 : PASCAL AND BERNOULLI EQUATION EX 1 Figure 1 shows a pneumatic/hydraulic system used to lift a load.

If the inlet air pressure is 500 kPa, determine the maximum load that can be lifted. [15,700N]

Figure 1: Pneumatic/hydraulic lifting system.

EX 2 Figure 2 shows fluid power automobile lift system with the hydraulic system. If the air pressure equals 550 kPa and the hydraulic piston has a 250-mm diameter, i) ii) What is the maximum weight of an automobile that can be lifted? The specific gravity of the oil is 0.90. [26,565N] What percent error in the answer to this problem occurs by ignoring the 1m head of oil between the air-oil interface surface and the bottom surface of the piston? [1.63%]

Figure 2: Fluid power automobile lift system.

EX 3 Figure 3 shows hand operated hydraulic jack. An operator makes 20 complete cycles during a 15 seconds interval using the hand pump as shown in the figure. Each complete cycle consists of two pump strokes (intake and power). The pump has a 5.08cm diameter piston and the load cylinder has a 10.06cm diameter piston. The average hand force is 88.9 N during each power stroke. i) ii) iii) How much load can be lifted? [1419 N] What is the distance of the load moved during the 15-seconds interval assuming no oil leakage? The pump piston has a 7.62cm stroke. [38.1 cm] What is the output power assuming 90% efficiency? [32.4 Watt]

(*** Hint: Please read example 3.5 in the Fluid Power Textbook)

Figure 3: Hand operated hydraulic jack.

EX 4 Figure 4 shows an air to hydraulic pressure booster system. For the following given, find load piston area, A3 [Answers: 0.022 m2]

Inlet air pressure (P1) Air piston area (A1) Oil piston area (A2) Load carrying capacity

= 100 psi (689.5kPa) = 0.02 m2 = 0.001 m2 = 300,000 N

Figure 4: An air to hydraulic pressure booster system.

EX 5 Figure 5 shows hydraulic jack system filled with oil. The large and small pistons have diameters of 7.62cm and 2.54cm, respectively. i) ii) What force F on the handle is required to support the 2000lb (8890N) weight? [61.7 N] If the force moves down 12.7cm, how far will the weight be lifted? [0.0881 cm]

Figure 5: A hydraulic jack system.

EX 6 The oil tank for the hydraulic system of Figure 6 is air pressurized at 68.97 kPa. The inlet line to the pump is 3.048 m below the oil level. The pump flow rate is 1.896 L/s. Find the pressure at station 2 if i) ii) There is no head loss between stations 1 and 2. [94.6 kPa] There is a 7.622 m head loss between stations 1 and 2. [27.4 kPa]

Figure 6: A hydraulic system.

EX 7 The discharge flow rate, Qout of the oil in the pump as shown in Figure 7 is 1.9 L/s with specific gravity of 0.9. Points A and B are at the same elevation. What is Q in? Assuming the pump efficiency is 100%, find the pressure difference between points A and B if i) ii) The pump is turned off. [0] The input power to the pump is 1.494 kW. [781 kPa]

Figure 7: A pump.