Answers and rationale are given below for this exam.

Check your correct answers and read the rationales for additional learning. Tell us your scores on the comments section. 1. Answer: (C) Country Club Management Country club management style puts concern for the staff as number one priority at the expense of the delivery of services. He/she runs the department just like a country club where every one is happy including the manager. 2. Answer: (C) Servant leader Servant leaders are open-minded, listen deeply, try to fully understand others and not being judgmental 3. Answer: (A) Possesses inspirational quality that makes followers gets attracted of him and regards him with reverence Charismatic leaders make the followers feel at ease in their presence. They feel that they are in good hands whenever the leader is around. 4. Answer: (C) Assessment of personal traits is a reliable tool for predicting a managers potential. It is not conclusive that certain qualities of a person would make him become a good manager. It can only predict a managers potential of becoming a good one. 5. Answer: (A) Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving them citations Path Goal theory according to House and associates rewards good performance so that others would do the same 6. Answer: (C) Great Man Leaders become leaders because of their birth right. This is also called Genetic theory or the Aristotelian theory 7. Answer: (C) Laissez faire Laissez faire leadership is preferred when the followers know what to do and are experts in the field. This leadership style is relationship-oriented rather than task-centered. 8. Answer: (D) Leadership is shared at the point of care. Shared governance allows the staff nurses to have the authority, responsibility and accountability for their own practice. 9. Answer: (D) Inspires others with vision Inspires others with a vision is characteristic of a transformational leader. He is focused more on the day-today operations of the department/unit. 10. Answer: (A) Have condescending trust and confidence in their subordinates Benevolent-authoritative managers pretentiously show their trust and confidence to their followers 11. Answer: (A) Call for a staff meeting and take this up in the agenda. This will allow for the participation of every staff in the unit. If they contribute to the solutions of the problem, they will own the solutions; hence the chance for compliance would be greater. 12. Answer: (C) Low morale of staff in her unit Low morale of staff is an internal factor that affects only the unit. All the rest of the options emanate from the top executive or from outside the institution. 13. Answer: (B) Majority rule Majority rule involves dividing the house and the highest vote wins.1/2 + 1 is a majority. 14. Answer: (B) system used to deliver care A system used to deliver care. In the 70s it was termed as methods of patient assignment; in the early 80s it was called

modalities of patient care then patterns of nursing care in the 90s until recently authors called it nursing care systems. 15. Answer: (A) Concentrates on tasks and activities Functional nursing is focused on tasks and activities and not on the holistic care of the patients 16. Answer: (A) Psychological and sociological needs are emphasized. When the functional method is used, the psychological and sociological needs of the patients are neglected; the patients are regarded as tasks to be done 17. Answer: (A) Assessing nursing needs and problems This option follows the framework of the nursing process at the same time applies the management process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling 18. Answer: (B) Preparing a nursing care plan in collaboration with the patient The best source of information about the priority needs of the patient is the patient himself. Hence using a nursing care plan based on his expressed priority needs would ensure meeting his needs effectively. 19. Answer: (D) Patients who need the most care In setting priorities for a group of patients, those who need the most care should be number-one priority to ensure that their critical needs are met adequately. The needs of other patients who need less care ca be attended to later or even delegated to assistive personnel according to rules on delegation. 20. Answer: (C) Integrate the solutions to his day-to-day activities Integrate the solutions to his day-to-day activities is expected to happen during the third stage of change when the change agent incorporate the selected solutions to his system and begins to create a change. 21. Answer: (C) Focuses on routine tasks Strategic planning involves options A, B and D except C which is attributed to operational planning 22. Answer: (A) The Good Shepherd Medical Center is a trendsetter in tertiary health care in the Philippines in the next five years A vision refers to what the institution wants to become within a particular period of time. 23. Answer: (B) Goal B 24. Answer: (C) Broken line This is a staff relationship hence it is depicted by a broken line in the organizational structure 25. Answer: (C) Unity of command The principle of unity of command means that employees should receive orders coming from only one manager and not from two managers. This averts the possibility of sowing confusion among the members of the organization 26. Answer: (B) Hierarchy Hierarchy refers to the pattern of reporting or the formal line of authority in an organizational structure. 27. Answer: (B) Unity of direction Unity of direction means having one goal or one objective for the team to pursue; hence all members of the organization should put their efforts together towards the attainment of their common goal or objective. 28. Answer: (A) Lets work together in harmony; we need to be supportive of one another

The principle of esprit d corps refers to promoting harmony in the workplace, which is essential in maintaining a climate conducive to work. 29. Answer: (A) Increase the patient satisfaction rate Goal is a desired result towards which efforts are directed. Options AB, C and D are all objectives which are aimed at specific end. 30. Answer: (D) Organizational culture An organizational culture refers to the way the members of the organization think together and do things around them together. Its their way of life in that organization 31. Answer: (A) Proactive and caring with one another 32. Answer: (A) Organizational structure Organizational structure provides information on the channel of authority, i.e., who reports to whom and with what authority; the number of people who directly reports to the various levels of hierarchy and the lines of communication whether line or staff. 33. Answer: (B) Informal This is usually not published and oftentimes concealed. 34. Answer: (D) Tall organization Tall organizations are highly centralized organizations where decision making is centered on one authority level. 35. Answer: (A) 1 & 2 Centralized organizations are needs only a few managers hence they are less expensive and easier to manage 36. Answer: (C) having legitimate right to act Authority is a legitimate or official right to give command. This is an officially sanctioned responsibility 37. Answer: (B) Provide a pair of hands to other units as needed Providing a pair of hands for other units is not a purpose in doing an effective staffing process. This is a function of a staffing coordinator at a centralized model. 38. Answer: (D) Staff preferences Staff preferences should be the least priority in formulating objectives of nursing care. Individual preferences should be subordinate to the interest of the patients. 39. Answer: (A) Uses visioning as the essence of leadership. Transformational leadership relies heavily on visioning as the core of leadership. 40. Answer: (C) Team management Team management has a high concern for services and high concern for staff.

Here are the answers and rationales for the exam. This exam is out of this world difficult so dont feel bad if you got a low score but be sure to read the rationales below. If you need clarifications, direct them to the comments below. 1. Answer: (A) Identify the source of the conflict and understand the points of friction This involves a problem solving approach, which addresses the root cause of the problem. 2. Answer: (B) Is not beneficial; hence it should be prevented at all times Conflicts are beneficial because it surfaces out issues in the open and can be solved right away. Likewise, members of the team become more conscientious with their work when they are aware that other members of the team are watching them.

3. Answer: (C) Avoidance This strategy shuns discussing the issue head-on and prefers to postpone it to a later time. In effect the problem remains unsolved and both parties are in a lose-lose situation. 4. Answer: (D) Let the staff ventilate her feelings and ask how she can be of help. Reaching out and helping the staff is the most effective strategy in dealing with burn out. Knowing that someone is ready to help makes the staff feel important; hence her self-worth is enhanced. 5. Answer: (D) Focusing activity on the correction of identified behavior. Performance appraisal deal with both positive and negative performance; is not meant to be a fault-finding activity 6. Answer: (C) Patients are the best source of information regarding personnel appraisal. The patient can be a source of information about the performance of the staff but it is never the best source. Directly observing the staff is the best source of information for personnel appraisal. 7. Answer: (C) The evaluation is focused on objective data systematically. Collecting objective data systematically can not be achieved in an informal appraisal. It is focused on what actually happens in the natural work setting. 8. Answer: (D) The session is private between the two members. The session is private between the manager and the staff and remains to be so when the two parties do not divulge the information to others. 9. Answer: (B) Consultative A consultative manager is almost like a participative manager. The participative manager has complete trust and confidence in the subordinate, always uses the opinions and ideas of subordinates and communicates in all directions. 10. Answer: (D) Unity of direction Unity of direction is a management principle, not an element of an organizational structure. 11. Answer: (A) Staffing Staffing is a management function involving putting the best people to accomplish tasks and activities to attain the goals of the organization. 12. Answer: (B) Record of related learning experience (RLE) Record of RLE is not required for employment purposes but it is required for the nurses licensure examination. 13. Answer: (B) Induction This step in the recruitment process gives time for the staff to submit all the documentary requirements for employment. 14. Answer: (B) Decentralized Decentralized structures allow the staff to make decisions on matters pertaining to their practice and

communicate in downward, upward, lateral and diagonal flow. 15. Answer: (C) Rightmost box The leftmost box is occupied by the highest authority while the lowest level worker occupies the rightmost box. 16. Answer: (D) Promotes better interpersonal relationship Decentralized structures allow the staff to solve decisions by themselves, involve them in decision making; hence they are always given opportunities to interact with one another. 17. Answer: (B) Provides care to a group of patients together with a group of nurses This function is done in team nursing where the nurse is a member of a team that provides care for a group of patients. 18. Answer: (B) Modular nursing Modular nursing is a variant of team nursing. The difference lies in the fact that the members in modular nursing are paraprofessional workers. 19. Answer: (B) Identify the values of the department Identify the values of the department will set the guiding principles within which the department will operate its activities 20. Answer: (B) Rotation of duty will be done every four weeks for all patient care personnel. Structure standards include management system, facilities, equipment, materials needed to deliver care to patients. Rotation of duty is a management system. 21. Answer: (A) Process Process standards include care plans, nursing procedure to be done to address the needs of the patients. 22. Answer: (D) Identify possible courses of action This is a step in a quality control process and not a basic step in the control process. 23. Answer: (B) Characteristics used to measure the level of nursing care Criteria are specific characteristics used to measure the standard of care. 24. Answer: (A) Instructing the members of the standards committee to prepare policies Instructing the members involves a directing function. 25. Answer: (C) Patients reports 95% satisfaction rate prior to discharge from the hospital. This refers to an outcome standard, which is a result of the care that is rendered to the patient. 26. Answer: (A) The things that were planned are done Controlling is defined as seeing to it that what is planned is done. 27. Answer: (A) Span of control Span of control refers to the number of workers who report directly to a manager. 28. Answer: (B) Initiate a group interaction Initiate a group interaction will be an opportunity to discuss the problem in the open.

29. Answer: (C) Age of patients An extraneous variable is not the primary concern of the researcher but has an effect on the results of the study. Adult patients may be young, middle or late adult. 30. Answer: (B) Sr. Callista Roy Sr. Callista Roy developed the Adaptation Model which involves the physiologic mode, self-concept mode, role function mode and dependence mode 31. Answer: (C) Most accurate and valid method of data gathering The most serious disadvantage of this method is accuracy and validity of information gathered 32. Answer: (B) Turnaround Time in Emergency Rooms The article is for pediatric patients and may not be relevant for adult patients. 33. Answer: (C) Salary of nurses Salary of staff nurses is not an indicator of patient satisfaction, hence need not be included as a variable in the study. 34. Answer: (A) degree of agreement and disagreement Likert scale is a 5-point summated scale used to determine the degree of agreement or disagreement of the respondents to a statement in a study. 35. Answer: (B) Reliability Reliability is repeatability of the instrument; it can elicit the same responses even with varied administration of the instrument 36. Answer: (A) Sensitivity Sensitivity is an attribute of the instrument that allow the respondents to distinguish differences of the options where to choose from 37. Answer: (A) Validity Validity is ensuring that the instrument contains appropriate questions about the research topic 38. Answer: (A) Random Random sampling gives equal chance for all the elements in the population to be picked as part of the sample. 39. Answer: (B) Ethnography Ethnography is focused on patterns of behavior of selected people within a culture 40. Answer: (B) Madeleine Leininger Madeleine Leininger developed the theory on transcultural theory based on her observations on the behavior of selected people within a culture.