rogers (nr9358) Projectiles volle (301) This print-out should have 24 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points At what point in its trajectory does a batted baseball have its minimum speed? 1. at the top correct 2. at the beginning point 3. at the end point 4. somewhere at the middle height Explanation: Since the horizontal component of velocity of the batted baseball remains unchanged in its trajectory, the baseball has its minimum speed when its vertical component of velocity is zero; i.e. at the top of its trajectory. 002 10.0 points A heavy crate accidentally falls from a highying airplane just as it ies directly above a shiny red Camaro parked in a parking lot. Relative to the Camaro, where will the crate crash? 1. The crate will hit the Camaro. 2. The crate will hit the front part of the car. 3. The crate will not hit the Camaro, but will crash a distance beyond it determined by the height and speed of the plane. correct 4. The crate will continue to y and will not crash. Explanation: The crate starts falling when it is directly above the camaro. It has a horizontal velocity equal to that of the airplane. Under the inuence of gravity it will start accelerating down while keeping its horizontal velocity. It will nally crash a distance beyond the P

camaro which is determined by the height and speed of the plane. 003 10.0 points

A ball is thrown and follows the parabolic path shown. Air friction is negligible. Point Q is the highest point on the path. Points P and R are the same height above the ground. Q R

How do the speeds of the ball at the three points compare? 1. vQ < vP = vR correct 2. vR < vQ < vP 3. vP < vQ < vR 4. vP = vR = vQ 5. vQ < vR < vP 6. vP = vR < vQ Explanation: The speed of the ball in the x-direction is constant. Because of gravitational acceleration, the speed in the y -direction is zero at point Q. Since points P and R are located at the same point above ground, by symmetry we see that they have the same vertical speed component (though they do not have the same velocity). The answer is then vQ < vP = vR . 004 10.0 points

A ball is thrown and follows the parabolic

rogers (nr9358) Projectiles volle (301) path shown. Air friction is negligible. Point Q is the highest point on the path. Points P and R are the same height above the ground. Q P R

that due to gravity, which acts straight down. 005 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points Janet jumps o a high diving platform with a horizontal velocity of 2.66 m/s and lands in the water 2.3 s later. How high is the platform? The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Correct answer: 25.921 m. Explanation: Let : v = 2.66 m/s , t = 2.3 s , and g = 9.8 m/s2 .

Which of the following diagrams best indicates the direction of the acceleration, if any, on the ball at point P ? 1. The ball is in free-fall and there is no acceleration at any point on its path.

Since vo = 0, the height of the fall is h = vo t + = 1 2 1 2 gt = gt 2 2

1 (9.8 m/s2 )(2.3 s)2 = 25.921 m . 2

2. correct 3. 4.

006 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points How far from the base of the platform does she land? Correct answer: 6.118 m. Explanation: The horizontal velocity is constant, so the horizontal distance is d = v t = (2.66 m/s)(2.3 s) = 6.118 m . 007 10.0 points Assume: A 78 g basketball is launched at an angle of 58.3 and a distance of 19.8 m from the basketball goal. The ball is released at the same height (ten feet) as the basketball goals height. A basketball player tries to make a long jump-shot as described above. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . What speed must the player give the ball? Correct answer: 14.7312 m/s. Explanation:

5. 6. 7.

8. 9. Explanation: Since air friction is negligible, the only acceleration on the ball after being thrown is

rogers (nr9358) Projectiles volle (301)

m/

Basic concepts: Horizontally, voh = v cos vh = voh Building d = voh t Vertically, vov = v sin 1 2 gt . 2 Solution: At the maximum range of the ball, vf v = vov , so, h = vov t vov = vov g t 2 vov = g t vov . t=2 g The maximum distance covered is 2 voh vov d = voh t = g d= 2 v cos v sin g vv = vov g t

11

.3 60

15.8 m How tall is the building? Assume the ground is level and that the side of the building is vertical. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Correct answer: 10.9525 m. Explanation: Let : = 60 , v0 = 11.3 m/s , x = 15.8 m , and m = 0.94 kg . The ying time can be determined by x = v0x t x t= v0x x . = v0 cos From the point where the rock was projected (set to be the origin O ), the y -coordinate of the point where the rock struck the ground is y = v0y t 1 2 gt 2 x 1 x = v0 sin g v0 cos 2 v0 cos 2 gx , so = x tan 2 (v0 cos )2 h = |y |

v 2 (2 sin cos ) v 2 sin(2 ) d= = . g g Thus the initial velocity is v= = dg sin[2 ] (19.8 m) (9.8 m/s2 ) sin[2 (58.3 )]

= 14.7312 m/s . 008 10.0 points A 0.94 kg rock is projected from the edge of the top of a building with an initial velocity of 11.3 m/s at an angle 60 above the horizontal. Due to gravity, the rock strikes the ground at a horizontal distance of 15.8 m from the base of the building.

rogers (nr9358) Projectiles volle (301) = g x2 x tan 2 (v0 cos )2 (9.8 m/s2 ) (15.8 m)2 = 2 [(11.3 m/s) cos 60 ]2 (15.8 m) tan 60

is v0y = v0 sin directed upward, and y = 0 when the brick reaches the ground, so 0 = h + v0y t h = v0y t + 1 2 gt 2

= 10.9525 m .

009 10.0 points During a baseball game, a batter hits a popup to a elder 77 m away. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . If the ball remains in the air for 6.5 s, how high does it rise? Correct answer: 51.7562 m. Explanation: The distance to the elder is extraneous information and can be ignored. Consider the motion as the ball rises to its t maximum height h t = . The height is 2 dened by 1 t2 g t2 1 . h = g (t)2 = g = 2 2 4 8 010 10.0 points A brick is thrown upward from the top of a building at an angle of 13.6 above the horizontal and with an initial speed of 17.6 m/s. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . If the brick is in ight for 3.2 s, how tall is the building? Correct answer: 36.9328 m. Explanation: Basic Concept The height of the building is determined by the vertical motion with gravity acting down and an initial velocity acting upward: y = y0 + v0y t 1 2 gt 2

1 2 gt 2 = (4.1385 m/s) (3.2 s) 1 9.8 m/s2 (3.2 s)2 + 2 = 36.9328 m .

011 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points A projectile of mass 0.352 kg is shot from a cannon. The end of the cannons barrel is at height 6.7 m, as shown in the gure. The initial velocity of the projectile is 11 m/s . The projectile rises to a maximum height of y above the end of the cannons barrel and strikes the ground a horizontal distance x past the end of the cannons barrel.
m /s

11

51

6. 7 m x vi = 11 m/s , = 51 , and g = 9.8 m/s2 .

Find the time it takes for the projectile to reach its maximum height. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Correct answer: 0.872307 s. Explanation: Let :

Vertically, vyi = vi sin = (11 m/s) sin 51 = 8.54861 m/s and

Solution Choose the origin at the base of the building. The initial position of the brick is y0 = h, the vertical component of the initial velocity

rogers (nr9358) Projectiles volle (301) vyf = vyi g t . Correct answer: 16.1375 m. Explanation: The horizontal component of vector vi is vxi vi = cos vxi = vi cos = (11 m/s) cos 51 = 6.92252 m/s .

Since vytop = 0 ,

0 = vyi g t1 vy 8.54861 m/s t1 = i = g 9.8 m/s2 = 0.872307 s . 012 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points How long does it take the projectile to hit the ground? Correct answer: 2.33116 s. Explanation: Let : (xi , yi ) = (0 m, 6.7 m) . For the vertical motion,
2 2 vy = vy 2 g y . i f

The horizontal motion has no acceleration, so x = vxi t = (6.92252 m/s) (2.33116 s) = 16.1375 m . Alternate Solution: y = 0 when the projectile hits the ground, so y = yi + vyi t = yi + g 2 2 vx i Since g 9.8 m/s2 a= = 2 2 vx 2 (6.92252 m/s)2 i = 0.102251 m1 , b= vyi 8.54861 m/s = 1.2349 , = vxi 6.92252 m/s c = yi = 6.7 m , and vyi vxi 1 2 gt 2 g x2 x =0 2 2 vx i vyi vxi x + yi = 0

Since vytop = 0 ,
2 0 = vv 2 g y i 2 vy i

y =

(8.54861 m/s)2 2g 2 (9.8 m/s2 ) = 3.7285 m and =

x2

the time to fall from the top to the ground is t2 = = 2 (y + yi ) g

2 (3.7285 m + 6.7 m) 9.8 m/s2 = 1.45886 s ,

so the total time is t = t1 + t2 = 0.872307 s + 1.45886 s = 2.33116 s . 013 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points Find the range x of the projectile.

b2 4 a c = (1.2349)2 4 (0.102251 m1 ) (6.7 m) = 4.26529 ,

x=

b2 4 a c 2 a 1.2349 4.26529 = 2 (0.102251 m1 ) b = 16.1375 m .

rogers (nr9358) Projectiles volle (301) 014 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points An Alaskan rescue plane traveling 38 m/s drops a package of emergency rations from a height of 199 m to a stranded party of explorers. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Where does the package strike the ground relative to the point directly below where it was released? Correct answer: 242.165 m. Explanation: Basic Concepts Projectile motion with an initial horizontal velocity. Solution Horizontally, there is no acceleration, so x = xo + vox t vf = vo = v Vertically, 1 y = yo + voy t gt2 2 vy = voy gt Consider the point of release to be the origin of the coordinate system. The time for the package to reach the ground is determined by the vertical motion where voy = 0, y = h, and a = g : 2(h) = gt2 t= 2h g Correct answer: 38 m/s.

Explanation: There is no horizontal acceleration, so the horizontal velocity is constant.

016 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points What is the vertical component of the velocity just before it hits? (Choose upward as the positive vertical direction) Correct answer: 62.4532 m/s. Explanation: vo = 0, so vy = gt 017 10.0 points A car is parked near a cli overlooking the ocean on an incline that makes an angle of 34.5 with the horizontal. The negligent driver leaves the car in neutral, and the emergency brakes are defective. The car rolls from rest down the incline and has a velocity 5 m/s when it reaches the edge of the cli. The cli is 39.7 m above the ocean.

How far is the car from the base of the cli when the car hits the ocean? The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Correct answer: 10.5985 m. Explanation: First, nd the cars initial vertical velocity when it leaves the cli v0y = v sin = (5 m/s) sin(34.5 ) = 2.83203 m/s .

Horizontally, xo = 0 and a = 0, so x = vt 015 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points What is the horizontal component of the velocity just before it hits?

rogers (nr9358) Projectiles volle (301) Then nd the vertical velocity with which the car strikes the water as
2 2 vy = v0 y + 2gh

and the overall velocity at the instant the hamper strikes the surface of the ocean is vf = =
2 + v2 vv h

= (2.83203 m/s) + 2 (9.8 m/s ) (39.7 m) = 786.14 m2 /s2 vy = 28.0382 m/s . For the time of ight, vy = v0y + g t vy v0y t= g 28.0382 m/s 2.83203 m/s = 9.8 m/s2 = 2.57206 s . The initial velocity is v0x = v cos and the horizontal motion of the car during this time is x = v0x t = (5 m/s) cos(34.5 ) (2.57206 s) = 10.5985 m . 018 10.0 points A plane drops a hamper of medical supplies from a height of 3460 m during a practice run over the ocean. The planes horizontal velocity was 149 m/s at the instant the hamper was dropped. What is the magnitude of the overall velocity of the hamper at the instant it strikes the surface of the ocean? The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Correct answer: 300.028 m/s. Explanation: This is a projectile motion problem. The motion of the dropping hamper consists of two parts: horizontally, it moves with the initial velocity of the plane, i.e., vh = v = 149 m/s ; vertically, due to gravity, it moves as a freely falling body. Thus v2 = 2 g h vv = 2gh = 2 (9.8 m/s2 ) (3460 m) = 260.415 m/s

(260.415 m/s)2 + (149 m/s)2

= 300.028 m/s .

019 10.0 points Someone in a car going past you at the speed of 28 m/s drops a small rock from a height of 1.5 m. How far from the point of the drop will the rock hit the ground? The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Correct answer: 15.4919 m. Explanation: Let : v = 28 m/s , h = 1.5 m , and g = 9.8 m/s2 .

Vertically, the rock accelerates downward like any other falling object. The vertical motion denes the time of the fall: h = v0 t + since vo = 0, so t= = 2h g 1 2 1 2 gt = gt 2 2

2 (1.5 m) 9.8 m/s2 = 0.553283 s. Horizontally, the rock moves at constant velocity (with no acceleration), so d = vt = (28 m/s) (0.553283 s) = 15.4919 m .

rogers (nr9358) Projectiles volle (301) . 020 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points An artillery shell is red at an angle of 30.8 above the horizontal ground with an initial speed of 1660 m/s. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Find the total time of ight of the shell, neglecting air resistance. Correct answer: 2.89113 min. Explanation: Using half the ight we have v0y = v0 sin 0 and 0 = vf y = v0 sin 0 + a0y t, so that t= v0 sin 0 . g or R=
2 (sin ) (cos ) 2 v0 0 0 g 2 (1660 m/s)2 (sin 30.8 ) (cos 30.8 ) = 9.8 m/s2 = 2.47343 105 m = 247.343 km .

and

1 2 gt . 2 Substituting t into the last equation yields y = v0 (sin 0 ) t y= g sin 0 x x2 . 2 2 cos 0 2 v0 (cos 0 )

At the target y = 0 and x = R (the range), so 0= gR sin 0 2 cos 0 2 v0 (cos2 0 )

The total time of ight, by symmetry, is ttot = 2v0 sin 0 g 2(1660 m/s) (sin 30.8 ) = 9.8 m/s2 = 2.89113 min .

Correct answer: 247.343 km. Explanation: This part can be worked out without using the numerical value of the time of ight. The initial components of the initial velocities are v0x = v0 cos 0 and v0y = v0 sin 0 , so that x = v0 cos 0 t x t= v0 cos 0

17

/s

021 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points Find its horizontal range, neglecting air resistance.

022 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points A ball of mass 0.3 kg, initially at rest, is kicked directly toward a fence from a point 20 m away, as shown below. The velocity of the ball as it leaves the kickers foot is 17 m/s at angle of 47 above the horizontal. The top of the fence is 6 m high. The ball hits nothing while in ight and air resistance is negligible. The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .

47

6m

20 m Determine the time it takes for the ball to reach the plane of the fence. Correct answer: 1.72503 s. Explanation: Let : = 47 and d = 20 m .

rogers (nr9358) Projectiles volle (301) The horizontal component of the velocity is constant, so vhoriz = v0 cos = (17 m/s) cos 47 = 11.594 m/s . The horizontal motion denes the time of ight: vhoriz t = d t= d vhoriz 20 m = 11.594 m/s Vertical Component of Velocity (m/s)

What is the vertical component of the velocity when the ball reaches the plane of the fence? Correct answer: 4.47232 m/s.

Explanation: Thus the the vertical component of the velocity when the ball reaches the plane of the fence is vvert = v0 sin g t = (17 m/s) sin 47 (9.8 m/s2 ) (1.72503 s) = 4.47232 m/s .

= 1.72503 s . 023 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points How far above the top of fence will the ball pass? Consider the diameter of the ball to be negligible. Correct answer: 0.866231 m. Explanation: The vertical component of the initial velocity is vvert = v0 sin = (17 m/s) sin 47 = 12.433 m/s . The height of the ball during its ight is given by y = vvert t 1 g t2 2 = (12.433 m/s) (1.72503 s) 1 (9.8 m/s2 ) (1.72503 s)2 2 = 6.86623 m .

This is veried by analyzing the graph below Vertical Velocity vs Time 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 0. 5 1. 0 1. 5 Time (s) 2. 0 2. 5

Therefore, the distance that the ball passes above the fence is y = (6.86623 m) (6 m) = 0.866231 m . 024 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points