ABSTRACT Intestinal parasite infestation is commonly associated with sanitation, education level, socio-economical status, and daily habit.

There is different condition between the said factors in rural community and urban community. The aim of this study was to determine the differences of the prevalence of intestinal protozoan among school children in urban and rural area and its association with the risk factors. This research is non-experimental research, with survey descriptive analytic and cross sectional method. Sample collection for stool and uestioner was carried out for !" students in S# $egeri %uleireng, Sub-%rovince of &unungkidul 'rural area( and ") students in S# *uhammadiyah $otopra+an, ,ity of -ogyakarta 'urban area(. Stools were examined by direct smear and indirect smear '.aust et. al. techni ue for intestinal protozoa and flotation techni ue for intestinal nematode(. /uestioner was used to classify the risk factors. The proportion of overall infected samples for intestinal protozoa was !0,!12 for rural area and )!,332 for urban area. The proportion of overall infected samples for intestinal nematode was "4,562 for rural area and )7,"02 for urban area. The result by chi-s uare test found that there were significant association between the prevalence of intestinal protozoa and sanitation 'p84,440(, socioeconomical status of the parent 'p84,4)7(, and education level of the parent 'p84,40"( in rural area and there were significant association between the prevalence of intestinal protozoa and sanitation 'p84,40!(, socio-economical status of parent 'p84,400( and education level of the parent '4,4)4( in urban area. 9nd for intestinal nematode, there were significant association between the prevalence of intestinal nematode and sanitation 'p84,445(, socio-economical status of the parent 'p84,44)(, and education level of the parent 'p84,446( in rural area and there were significant association between the prevalence of intestinal nematode and sanitation 'p84,444(, socio-economical status of parent 'p84,403( and education level of the parent '4,447( in urban area. Keyword: intestinal parasite, prevalence, rural area, urban area, risk factor

ABSTRAK

Infestasi parasit usus sering dikaitkan dengan faktor sanitasi, pendidikan, sosial ekonomi dan perilaku sehari-hari. Ada perbedaan kondisi faktor-faktor tersebut antara penduduk desa dan kota. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan prevalensi protozoa usus antara siswa SD pedesaan dengan perkotaan dan hubungann a dengan faktor risiko. !enelitian ini bersifat penelitian non-eksperimental dengan surve deskriptif analitik dan ran"angan penelitian cross-sectional. !engumpulan sampel feses dan kuesioner dilakukan terhadap #$ siswa SD %egeri !uleireng, &abupaten 'unungkidul (pedesaan) dan $* siswa SD +uhammadi ah %otoprajan, &ota ,og akarta (perkotaan). !emeriksaan feses dilakukan dengan metode langsung dan tidak langsung (-aust et. al untuk protozoa usus dan metode pengapungan untuk nematode usus). &uesioner digunakan untuk menggolongkan faktor risiko. !revalensi protozoa usus ang ditemukan adalah #.,#/0 untuk daerah pedesaan dan *#,110 untuk daerah perkotaan. !revalensi nematoda usus ang ditemukan adalah $2,340 untuk daerah pedesaan dan *5,$.0 untuk daerah perkotaan. 6asil uji dengan chi-s uare menunjukkan adan a hubungan ang signifikan antara prevalensi protozoa usus dengan ketersediaan sarana sanitasi (p72,22.), tingkat sosial-ekonomi orang tua (p72,2*5), dan tingkat pendidikan orang tua (p72,2.$) di daerah pedesaan. Dan terdapat hubungan ang signifikan antara prevalensi protozoa usus dengan ketersediaan sarana sanitasi (2,2.#), tingkat sosial-ekonomi orang tua (p72,2..) dan tingkat pendidikan orang tua (p72,2*2) di daerah perkotaan. 8ntuk nematoda usus, 6asil uji dengan chi-s uare menunjukkan adan a hubungan ang signifikan antara prevalensi nematoda usus dengan ketersediaan sarana sanitasi (p72,223), tingkat sosial-ekonomi orang tua (p72,22*), dan tingkat pendidikan orang tua (p72,224) di daerah pedesaan. Dan terdapat hubungan ang signifikan antara prevalensi nematoda usus dengan ketersediaan sarana sanitasi (2,222), tingkat sosial-ekonomi orang tua (p72,2.1) dan tingkat pendidikan orang tua (p72,225) di daerah perkotaan.

Kata kunci: parasit usus, prevalensi, pedesaan, perkotaan, faktor risiko