Artifact 4b.

Debbie Straus 704-30

(1) Define the following terms and provide SPECIFIC examples illustrating the terms. (For the definitions, you may quote from any of the assigned texts or class lecture notes please provide the citation, e.g., Taylor, Organization, p. 325 ; Dewey Decimal Classification lecture notes) but the examples may not be taken from these sources. (a) Pure and mixed notation (b) List of Subdivisions Provided for in the Sears List (c) FRBR and Group 1 Entities (d) Direct and indirect geographic subdivisions (e) LCC and LCSH a) Pure notation a notation that consistently uses only one kind of symbol [e.g. either letters or numbers, but not both (Taylor, Cataloging, p. 542). An example of pure notation in Dewey Decimal Classification numbers, may be Mr. President, a Book of U.S. Presidents, by George Sullivan, DDC number 321.804 Mixed notation a notation that combines two or more kinds of symbols such as a combination of letters and numbers (Taylor, Cataloging, p. 539). An example of mixed notation using numbers and letters would be a Cutter number. The monograph, Mr. President, a Book of U.S. Presidents, by George Sullivan would have the Cutter number S949. b) List of Subdivisions Provided for in the Sears List The Sears List of Subject Headings, 19th Edition, provides a list of every subdivision included in the provisions of the Sears List. The list is meant to be used for reference purposes only. Using the Sears List requires specific instructions for particular subdivisions. The list of subdivisions is organized alphabetically. The list does not contain geographic or chronological subdivisions. Catalogers establish these subdivisions as needed because the Sears Subdivision List can be expanded by individual catalogers. The alphabetical list contains Subdivisions from A-W. Accidents, Accounting, Accreditation, Adaptations. Woman authors, Wounds and injury, and Writing are examples of subdivisions found in Sears List of Subject Headings, 19th Edition on pages xlv-l. c) Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records [FRBR] - FRBR is a conceptual model is the foundation on which the new cataloguing code, RDA, was built. FRBR defines the entities that are the focus of authority work (persons, corporate bodies, concepts, etc.). The FRBR also depicts relationships

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between those entities and the ones described in bibliographic records (FRBR: The Foundation of a New Cataloguing Code lecture notes). *Example taken from a presentation by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett, May 2, 2005, FRBR Workshop, Dublin, Ohio Ondaatje, Michael, 1943? The English patient. [Work] Text - English [Expression] The English patient / Michael Ondaatje. [Manifestation] Imprint: Thorndike Press ; Chivers Press, 1997. Physical description: 455 p. (large print) : ill. ; 23 cm. ISBN: 0786211512 (U.S. hd. : alk. paper) ISBN: 0754010457 (U.K. hd.) ISBN: 075402024X (U.K. pbk.) The English patient / by Michael Ondaatje. [Manifestation] Edition: 1st Vintage International ed. Imprint: Vintage Books, 1993. Physical description: 305 p. ; 21 cm. ISBN: 0679745203 Entity Group 1 Identifies entities that are products of intellectual endeavors (Taylor, Cataloging, p. 283). There are four levels to identify materials for Entity Group 1 (FRBR: The Foundation of a New Cataloguing Code lecture notes).

w1 Allan Wakeman's Jabberwocky e1 the author's design for the game and text for the notes m1 the game and accompanying notes for teachers issued in 1974 by Longman i1 copy lacking notes for teachers

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a. Work Intellectual concept or abstract idea - Allan Wakeman's Jabberwocky b. Expression The intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc., or any combination of such forms - The author's design for the game and text for the notes c. Manifestation Different physical formats of the work (e.g. paper, audio, or visual formats) The game and accompanying notes for teachers issued in 1974 by Longman d. Item Specific piece - Copy lacking notes for teachers

*The preceding example comes from the following link; http://archive.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr1.htm retrieved on August 10, 2009 d) Direct Geographic Subdivisions - Gives the geographic name with the smaller location identified before the larger location (Sears List of Subject Headings lecture notes). In Sears List of Subject Headings, the larger location is placed in parentheses. An example of a Direct Geographic Subdivision would be Detroit (Mich.). Indirect subdivision - The larger location is listed first and is separated from the smaller location with a space dash, dash, space [Sears List of Subject Headings lecture note]. An example of an Indirect Geographic Subdivision would be Automobile industry -- Michigan -- Detroit. e) Library of Congress Classification [LCC] Classification scheme created by the Library of Congress beginning in the late 1890s. The LCC divides the world of knowledge hierarchically into categories using letters of the English alphabet and then using Arabic numerals for further subdivisions. LCC is basically an enumerative scheme, allowing only a limited amount of faceting (Taylor, Organization, p. 462). Library of Congress Subject Heading [LCSH] A list of terms to be used as controlled vocabulary for subject headings created by the Library of Congress and used by an agency that wishes to provide controlled subject access to surrogate records (Taylor, Organization, p. 462). The example below comes from the Website, http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2002002270. Example - September 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001

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LCC HV6432.7 LCSH Topical Term September 11 Terrorist attacks, 2001 Broader Terms: Hijacking of aircraft TerrorismUnited States Narrower Terms: American Airlines Flight 11 Hijacking Incident, 2001 American Airlines Flight 77 Hijacking Incident, 2001 United Airlines Flight 93 Hijacking Incident, 2001

Debbie Straus 704-30

(2) You are assigning subject headings to a monograph on labor in Paris, France. The abbreviated example below has been taken from Sears 18th ed., p. 411 / Sears 19th ed., p. 420- 1. Clearly and completely explain how to interpret this information (e.g., (May subdiv. geog.),bold-face type versus light-face type, what do BT, NT, etc. tell you?). Give SPECIFIC examples where appropriate. Labor (May subdiv. geog.) 331 Use for materials on the collective human activities involved in the production and distribution of goods and services in an economy, especially activities performed by workers for wages as distinguished from those performed by entrepreneurs for profits. Also use for general materials on workers. Materials on laborers as a social class are entered under Working class. Materials on the physical or mental exertion of individuals to produce or accomplish something are entered under Work. UF Blue collar workers Factory workers Laborers Manual workers types of laborers, e.g. Agricultural laborers; Miners; etc. [to be added Economics Social conditions Sociology Agricultural laborers Child labor Hours of labor Skilled labor Labor movement Work Working class

SA BT

as needed]

NT

RT

When using Sears, the first step to subject catalog an item is to establish the true subject of the material being cataloged. In this example, the subject is Labor in Paris France. Once the subject has been determined, the cataloger must do the following: 1) use the word that has been described by the cataloger

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since a subject heading has been established in the Sears List, 2) forgo his original word for the established word if the word chosen is a synonym of an established term in the Sears List, 3) formulate an appropriate heading when there is no heading in the list, 4) add the heading to the libraries subject authority file, and 5) assign it to the work. Since the word Labor is an established direct subject heading the cataloger my use it. Every term in the List that may be used as a subject heading is printed in boldface type whether it is a main term; a term in a USE reference; a broader, narrower, or related term; or an example in a scope or general reference. If a term is not printed in boldface type, it is not used as a heading (Sears List of Subject Headings 19th ed. p. xi). In the example provided, the topical heading is Labor. Not only does it meet the consideration for common usage, but is also the word most commonly used to describe work. Since the word is in boldface type, it is a main term. The Sears List states that the word Labor may be subdivided geographically, which means that the topic can be assigned to a particular location. In this example LaborFrance is the appropriate subject string for labor in France since the monograph being catalogued, deals with Labor in the geographic area of Paris, France (Sears List of Subject Headings 19th ed. p. xxiii). The Sears List avows that materials on laborers as a social class can be found under Working class and materials on physical and mental exertion of individuals can be entered under Work. In addition to geographic subdivision, Sears allows for standardized formulation of many complex subjects, there are a large number of topical and form subdivisions that can be used under a variety of subjects as needed (Sears List of Subject Headings, 19th Edition p. xliii). One basic concept of Sears is the Principal of specific entry, which is a preference for a specific subject heading to a broader one. Another basic concept is the Principal of direct entry, which assert that a subject heading should stand as a separate term (Sears List of Subject Headings - lecture notes). Under the boldface term Labor, which is considered a specific entry, Scope notes are included. Scope notes provide the cataloger information about what the term includes or when to use other terms. The symbol UF (used for) contains several non-boldface terms that Sears directs to the topical heading Labor, including Blue collar

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workers, Factory workers, and Industrial workers. Sears refers a patron to Labor when a patron looks up those topics since the topics are related to the topical term Labor. In addition, various references need to be interpreted in Sears to assign a correct subject heading to an item. UF (used for) contains seven non-boldface terms that Sears directs to the topical heading Labor [e.g. Blue collar workers, Factory workers, and Industrial workers]. Sears refers you to Labor when you look up those topics since they can be described under the topical term Labor. SA (see also) a related heading or entry that may be hierarchal or lateral [e.g. types of laborers]. BT (broader term) a term used that encompasses more in scope that you have looked up [e.g. Economics, Social conditions, and Sociology] NT (narrower term) a term narrower in scope than the one you looked up [e.g. Capitalism, Hours of Labor, and Skilled Labor] RT (related terms) a term of equal value [e.g. Labor movement, Work, or Working class]

Looking up the terms is important because specific information about that term may apply. Catalogers must use these subject headings provided in Sears to assign Descriptive and MARC Cataloging records. In the example below, the topical term of Labor describes the general subject matter covered in the monograph, and it is found in boldface lettering in Sears. The geographic subdivision topic of the monograph is Paris (France) since the book was written about Labor in France. The geographic subdivision is found in the direct form, as is typically done throughout Sears. Books and reading is the form subdivision found in the below example since the item that is to be assigned a subject heading is a monograph. 650 _ 8 Labor $z Paris (France) $v Books and reading. 650 _ 7 Labor $z Paris (France) $v Books and reading. $2 sears .-- Labor -- Paris (France) -- Books and reading To further subdivide this monograph, a cataloger would need to look at a physical copy of the item or possibly read reviews to further distinguish the topic.

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(3) You are using the Cutter-Sanborn Three-Figure Author Tables for assigning a cutter number to a book you are classifying. The Dewey classification number of the book is 363.42. The title of the work is Gambling: how I got over it. The authors name for which you are preparing the cutter number for is Charles Field. The number for Charles Field that you get from the Cutter-Sanborn Table is F453. However, when you go to your shelf list to make sure the resulting cutter number is unique, you discover that F453 has already been used for a book by the author Alan Field on the same subject.

(a) What would you do to give Charles Field his own cutter number? According to the Cutter-Sanborn Three-Figure Author Table, when two authors share the same number, it is advisable to add a digit. The best digit to start with is 5, as there is room on both sides of for additional interpolation as necessary. The Cutter number that may be assigned to the book by Charles Field would possibly be F4535. By some chance, if there was an additional work on the shelf by Charles Field on a similar topic the Cutter number could be further expanded by using a work mark which is used to distinguish different titles by the same author. F4535g would be the expanded Cutter number with a work mark included for the book, Gambling: how I got over it, by Charles Field. (b) What is the complete class. and cutter number you would give to Charles book? 363.42 F4535 [Cuttered under; Field, Charles] Fields

300 360 361-365 362-363 363 363.4 363.42

Social sciences Social problems & social services Social problems and services Specific social problems and services Other social problems and services Controversies related to public morals and customs Gambling

(c) Briefly explain how you arrived at this number in the process. The class number was identified using Web Dewey. After logging on to OCLC Connection, I went to the tab Dewey Services and input the classification number 363.42 in Web Dewey. The breakdown as seen above resulted.

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The Cutter number was chosen by using the Cutter-Sanborn Three-Figure Author Table and

using the authors surname of Field to establish the number F453. Since we needed to expand on the Cutter number I used the information on the first page no. 3 of the Cutter-Sanborn Three-Figure Author Table which states; when two authors share the same number, adding a digit is advisable to further expand on the original

number. The expanded Cutter number that was assigned to the monograph, Gambling: how I got over it, was F4535. (4) Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) schedules frequently direct you to the standard subdivisions. (a) Where [specifically] in the paper version of DDC do you find the standard subdivisions and what are they? The subdivisions represent frequently occurring physical forms (dictionaries, periodicals) or approaches (history, research) applicable to any subject or discipline. The subdivisions may be used with any number in the schedules and tables for topics that approximate the whole of the number unless there are instructions to the contrary (DDC edition 22, p. lxxiii). The DDC tables include lists of notation that may be added to other numbers to make a class number appropriately specific to the work being classified. The numbers found in the table are never used alone (DDC edition 22, p. lxxiv). Standard subdivisions are found in the Dewey Decimal Classification Manual on page 186 as well as throughout Table 1 in Vol. 1 of in the 22 edition, pages 185-214. Standard Subdivisions T1--01 T1--02 T1--03 T1--04 T1--05 T1--06 T1--07 T1--08 T1--09 Philosophy and theory Miscellany Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances Special topics Serial publications Organizations and management Education, research, related topics History and description with respect to kinds of persons Historical, geographic, persons treatment

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(b) Using this DDC classification number, 746.2 (Textile arts, Laces and related fabrics), demonstrate and explain how the standard subdivisions are used for creating a DDC number for the following subjects: (1) a periodical dealing with lace making (2) a book about lace-making in Belgium. Create the DDC number for (1) & (2) 1). A periodical dealing with lace making

Main Classes 700 740 746 746.1-746.9 746.2 746.22 Arts & recreation Drawing & decorative arts Textile arts Products and processes Laces and related fabrics Laces

Included under the Lace classification are crocheted and darned laces. Since this is a periodical about lace making, additional number 05 would need to be added to the base number. The resulting DDC number about a periodical dealing with lace making may be given the DDC number 746.2205.

2) A book about lace making in Belgium Using the same main classification from the above example, a cataloger would need to establish the base number. In this example the base number is 746.22. Since the cataloger is dealing with a specific geographical area Table 1, -09 tells you to use a range of -093 through -099 to subdivide by specific continents, countries, locality., One would need to use Table 2 in Web Dewey to find the specific Standard Subdivision for that country which in this case is Belgium. Using the Standard Subdivisions from Table 2 the DDC number for a book on Lace making in Belgium would be 746.2209493.

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Table 2 T2--0 T2--3-T2--9 T2--4-T2--9 T2--4 T2--49 T2--493 Geographic Areas, Historical Periods, Persons Specific continents, countries, localities; extraterrestrial worlds Modern world; extraterrestrial worlds Europe Western Europe Other parts of Europe Southern Low Countries Belgium

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