IELTS Writing - Academic Task 1

VOCABULARY The following words and phrases will help you describe trends: Noun a rise an increase a surge a growth a pea a fluctuation a !ariation a period of stability a plateau a fall a decrease a decline a dip Verbs to rise to increase to surge to grow to pea to s yroc et to fluctuate to !ary to fall to decrease to decline to dip to di!e to plunge Phrases to show an upward trend to show a downward trend to hit the highest point to hit the lowest point to reach a pea to show so"e fluctuation to fluctuate wildly to re"ain stable to re"ain static to re"ain unchanged to stay constant to reach a plateau to le!el off to flatten out the highest the lowest the second highest the third highest co"pared to co"pared with relati!e to #A$%L& #&'T&'C&# There was a substantial increase in the !alue of stoc s on $arch ()th* +ouse prices rose dra"atically in ,uly* The nu"ber of tourists !isiting 'ew Yor fell sharply in October* The percentage of students wal ing to school continued to rise gradually o!er the ten year period fro" -.../-.(.* There was a sharp increase in e"ployee turno!er after the stri e* 0nterest in en!iron"ental issues has risen steadily o!er the last (. years* $OR& U#&1UL 2OR3# A'3 %+RA#&# 1. Percent 4 the word percent co"es after a nu"ber &5a"ples: $ore than -)6 of the students are fro" Bra7il* $ore than -) percent of the students co"e fro" Bra7il* 2. Percentage: The word percentage co"es after words li e the8 a8 this and that* Often8 it is preceded by an ad9ecti!e* &5a"ples: A s"all percentage of residents ha!e li!ed in the building for "ore than -. years* The percentage of students who li!e on ca"pus has fallen sharply since the fire* :* or numbers u! to ten8 write the nu"bers in words* 1or nu"bers o!er (.8 you can write the nu"bers in nu"bers* Adverbs sharply suddenly rapidly abruptly dra"atically significantly steadily considerably "ar edly slightly gently gradually wildly Adjectives sharp sudden rapid abrupt dra"atic steep significant steady considerable "ar ed slight gentle gradual

&5a"ples: 1i!e percent of the e"ployees were late this "onth* $ore than ). percent of the students handed in their assign"ents late after the long wee end* ;* I" the sentence starts #ith a number8 always write it in words* 5. &5a"ples: 2rong: -) students were fro" China* Right: Twenty/fi!e students were fro" China* TIPS $% IELTS W%ITIN& TAS' 1 1( Task 1 th<=ng y>u c?u !i@t !A process8 ( biBu CDE tFi thiBu (). tG8 nh<ng bHi !i@t sI C<Jc CKnh giK cao hLn n@u !i@t hoMng (N. 4 (O. tG* PhQng n>n !i@t RuK dHi8 !S sI "Tt th=i gian cho tas -* )( Tr*+c khi vi,t- cKc bUn n>n nhSn !Ho y>u c?u !H trM l=i cho cKc cVu hWi sau: / 2hat infor"ation does the graphX pictures showY / +ow "any paragraphs should there beY / 2hat goes in the o!erallY / 2hat features do 0 highlightY .( $ut/ine c0a task 11 / 0ntroduction / - or : paragraphs / 'o conclusion 2( N3n 4*a th3m th5ng tin v6o !h7n introduction * VZ ![ : \Units are "easured in gra"s per person per wee ] )* #^ d[ng nhiBu cKch "i>u tM s_ thay C`i8 hQng n>n lap lUi* VZ d[ cbng dicn tM s_ tdng l>n cheng ta cf nhiAu tG CDng nghga8 thay C`i part of speech cha tG: a rise8 an increase8 to rise8 to increaseE i* '>n C<a s_ so sKnh !Ho ph?n introduction* N* Chjn ( thS phb hJp !H s^ d[ng 5uy>n suFt bHi !i@t* Th<=ng cKc biBu CD dicn tM cKc sF liku cha nd" trong RuK hl n>n thS RuK hl CLn sI lH phb hJp nhTt* O* Bmt C?u "i>u tM !ni sF liku lnn nhTt8 hoac cf s_ thay C`i ro rkt nhTt* p* LuQn nhn th>" sF liku8 cKc trUng tG chq s_ thay C`i !Ho cVu "i>u tM*

898 :;< 8=< TAS' 1 Structure 11 The chartXtableXpie/chartXdiagra"Xgraph showsXillustratesXdescribes r nouns r places r ti"e &5: The chart shows the sales of bicycles in the U#A ' places between -... and -..-* ti"e

The graph shows the nu"bers of prisoners for the last decade in the U#A and such &uropean countries as 0taly8 1rance8 ser"any and &ngland* Structure )1 The data gi!en in the diagra"XchartXgraph showXillustrateXdescribe that r nouns r past participle r place r ti"e &5: The data gi!en in the chart show the nu"bers of bicycles sold in the U#A for the "onth of 1ebruary -..-* ' %*% place ti"e

Structure .1 The data gi!en in the diagra"XchartXgraph showXillustrateXdescribe r nouns r past participle r by agent r ti"e8 according to genderXe"ploy"entXsocial class *** statusXcategories* &5: The data gi!en in the chart show hobbies en9oyed by British "en and wo"en in a wee 8 according to ' %*% by agent ti"e

gender and e"ploy"ent status* The chart shows wor ing hours spent by A"erican "en and wo"en doing their 9obs in a day8 according to the gender and social class categories* INTE%P%ETATI$N o" the 8>A%T Structure 11 0t can be seenXinferred fro" the chartXtable that # r V &5: 0t can be seen fro" the chart that football was the "ost fa!orite sport of Vietna"ese people in -..-* Structure ): As can be seen fro" the tableXchart8 # r V *** &5: As can be seen fro" the table8 there were considerable fluctuations of the co"panyts "onthly profits between (pp) and -..)* Structure .: 0t is noticeableXclearXapparent that # r V &5: 0t is noticeable that there was no change in inflation in the U#A between -... and -..;* Structure 2: The chartXtableXpie chartXdiagra"Xgraph shows uthatv # r V &5: The chart shows that the nu"bers of s"o ers increased dra"atically between -... and -..:* 898> VI?T PIE 8>A%T

BiBu CD hSnh trwn th<=ng C<Jc ra thi !ni ba hSnh trwn 8 nfi !A cKc y@u tF likt > chi@" bao ph?n trd" trong t`ng sF (..6 trong l?n l<Jt : nd" nghi>n clu* 8@ch PhAn tBch chung: Trong sF cKc y@u tF likt >8 sI cf nhxng y@u tF hQng C`i !y trZ cha nf trong cM : nd" u!Z d[ :luQn z !y trZ sF :8 sF ; trong : nd" v !H nhxng y@u tF cwn lUi thay C`i nhiAu* {Vy lH chSa hfa CB lH" bHi* Cheng ta sI dbng | nHy CB C<a !Ho phVn tZch thVn bHi 'h< C} nfi z bHi Line sraph tr<nc8 body luQn C<Jc !i@t !ni - CoUn !dn* ~ bHi hSnh trwn8 cheng ta cng lH" t<Lng t_8 cng sI cf - CoUn !dn nh<ng cKch cKch trSnh bHy hLi hKc8 hQng cwn "i y@u tF ( body nh< dUng dVy nxa8 z hSnh trwn8 cKc y@u tF hQng C`i sI dDn chung !Ho ( body CB nfi8 cKc y@u tF cf thay C`i C<a !Ho body cwn lUi B<nc (: tS" ra nhxng y@u tF P+'s thay C`i8 C<a !Ho body ( Cheng ta thTy cf - factor hQng C`i lH : Teachers salaries : luQn Clng z !y trZ sF ( !H 0nsurance : luQn Clng !y trZ cuFi cbng trong cM : nd"* TrSnh bHy: 5t !A nhxng chi phZ nHy8 L<Lng giKo !i>n C} lH chi phZ lnn nhTt trong : nd"8 z "lc ;.6 !Ho nd" (pO(8 cao hLn ( Zt ).6 !Ho (pp( !H ;)6 !Ho -..(* t<Lng t_ nh< !y8 chi phZ thTp nhTt theo nh< @t RuM cuc CiAu tra C} luQn lH BMo +iB"8 z "lc -68:68O6 l?n l<Jt trong cKc nd" (pO(8 (pp(8 -..(* Of these spending8 teachers salary was the biggest spend in : years8 at ;. percent in (pO(8 relati!ely higher ).6 in (pp( and ;)6 in -..(* Li ewise8 the lowest e5penditure based on studys result was always insurance8 at -68 :6 and O6 in (pO(8 (pp( and -..( respecti!ely* Che |: C`i chh tG cha cVu linh hoUt8 trKnh lap lUi chh tG* CKc bUn h}y 5e" ph?n in C" sI thTy u hi C`i chh tG8 CoUn phZa sau cha cVu cng t_ Cng C`i theo8 bHi !i@t sI o cwn nhH" chKn v B<nc -: tS" ra cKc y@u tF thay C`i8 C<a !Ho body Phi cKc y@u tF cf thay C`i8 cf " theo nd"8 cKc bUn h}y hiBu nf nh< lH biBu CD hSnh dVy* 3_a !Ho cKc con sF8 5e" 5t th^ nf tdng !Ho hoMng th=i gian nHo8 giM" !Ho hoMng th=i gian nHo* Theo hSnh8 cheng ta cf cKc y@u tF cwn lUi thay C`i nh< sau Resources e*g boo : () / -. / p u tdng Zt 4 giM" "Unh v 1urniture and eRuip"ent : () / ) / -: u giM" "Unh 4 tdng "Unh v Other wor ers salaries : -O / -- /() u chq giM" v CKch !i@t trz lUi giFng nh< !i@t dUng dVy8 "ji ng<=i 5e" bHi tr<nc CB hiBu th>" uche | C`i chh tGv 0n star contrast8 howe!er8 all other e5penditure changed significantly* 0n particular8 cli"bing fro" ()6 in (pO( to -.6 in (pp(8 resources e*g* boo then plunged to a low of 9ust p6 in (pp(* #i"ilarly8 furniture and eRuip"ent spending in (pO( outnu"bered itself in (pp( : to ( u()6 against )6v8 followed by a surge of (O6 in the end of sur!ey* The study8 whereas8 witnessed a steady decrease in other wor erst salaries* 898> VI?T LINE &%AP>

BHi !i@t chia s inh nghik"8 h<nng dn ph<Lng phKp hjc CB encourage "ji ng<=i tr>n +i C} tDn tUi nhiAu* Theo CLn Cat hHng cha cKc Ad"in8 ( series cKc note !A h<nng dn giMi cKc dUng CA 2riting sI C<Jc g^i tni "ji ng<=i ( cKch l?n l<Jt h<nng tni "[c CZch c[ thB lH Th_c +Hnh trong th_c t@ !S theo "Snh Ruan sKt thS ch<a cf cao nhVn nHo trong +i lH" z lgnh !_c nHy h@t* $ji ng<=i cbng hjc !H cbng chia s th>" nh* sini thiku chung $i dUng biBu CD cf ( tKc d[ng ri>ng bikt8 cKc bUn c?n phMi hiBu cQng d[ng cha cheng tr<nc hi !i@t bHi !S n@u hQng8 cheng ta sI cf thB lH" sai bHi !i@t !ni cKc dbng tG o thZch hJp !ni "i loUi biBu CD t<Lng lng* BC dUng dVy : "i>u tM s_ thay C`i cha ( CiAu gS Cf Rua nd" thKng 8 tu`i tKc hoac cKi gS Cf hKc "ang tZnh chTt o dHi BC hSnh trwn8 ct8 thanh8 table : "i>u tM s_ so sKnh thong Rua nfi l>n s_ chi@" !y th@ lnn nhTt8 lnn nhS8 nhW nhTt E trong sF nhxng y@u tF C<Jc likt > trong hSnh CKc biBu CD nHy cng cf thB dbng CB dicn tM s_ thay C`i n@u cf tr[c th=i gian nh "ji ng<=i8 Zt hi thTy hSnh dUng nHy !S nf o cf Cac tr<ng cho lm"* %rocess: "i>u tM cKc b<nc dicn ra cha ( RuK trSnh TTt cM trSnh bHy z tr>n d_a tr>n s_ t`ng Ruan Cac tr<ng cha tGng dUng biBu CD8 o bao hH" h@t C<Jc cKc lng d[ng cha cheng8 nh<ng "Snh sI phVn tZch g hi !Ho "i dUng8 cKc bUn o lo lmng nh * Line &ra!h $z bHi: gD" - cVu CVu ( "z bHi phMi C?y Ch ) thQng tin : BiBu CD C<a ra lH dUng gS u dVy8 trwn8 tableEv 'fi l>n cKi gS u s_ thay C`i8 s_ so sKnh v n@u chq ( dVy thS lH thay C`i8 - dVy trz l>n lH thay C`i !H so sKnh u bMn thVn "i dVy nfi l>n s_ thay C`i !H gixa - dVy !ni nhau cf s_ so sKnh v Chh CA bHi !i@t u tq lk sinh8 tq lk "ua hHngE*v ~ CVu u trung RuFc8 "Ev Th=i gian nHo u tG nd"E tni nd"Ev CVu -: nfi l>n t`ng Ruan cha hSnh : nfi l>n 5u h<nng chung8 bUn chq c?n nhSn CiB" C?u !H CiB" cuFi cha dVy CB nfi l>n lH nf Tdng8 siM"8 hay BSnh `n* '@u tG - dVy trz l>n thS nhSn ra CiB" giFng nhau8 hKc nhau gixa cKc dVy* &5: A glance at the line graph pro!ided re!eals so"e changes and stri ing si"ilarities between the Chinese and U# birth rate fro" (pp. to -...* 0t is e!ident that both nations witnessed considerable fluctuations in fertility8 with lows during the (p;.s and highs during (p).s* ThVn bHi:

VTn CA lnn hjc lH" bHi Line sraph lH chuykn hQng bi@t phVn tZch hSnh !H dbng tG sao cho thZch hJp* Cheng ta sI cbng nhau giMi Ruy@t cheng ( cKch CLn giMn !ni ( !Hi tips sau CVy* %hVn tZch hSnh : Cac tr<ng cha dUng Line lH s_ thay C`i s_ Ci l>n8 Ci 5uFng Lec phVn tZch ( dVy8 cKc bUn phMi lH" sao CB chia cKc dVy Cf ra thHnh nhxng CoUn "H trong Cf 5u h<nng cha cheng phMi hKc nhau nh< CoUn nHy nfi \Ci l>n nhanh]8 CoUn ia \Ci l>n ch"]8 CoUn ti@p theo \giM" "Unh]8 CoUn hKc \gix `n Cynh] E** {B tS" ra C<Jc nhxng CoUn nh< !y nhanh chfng nhTt8 cKc bUn cf thB lH" theo cKc b<nc sau u 5e" hSnh "inh hja CB hiBu th>" 4 trang -) 2rite Right v B(: tS" ra CiB" \cao nhTt] u CKnh dTu ( v !H CiB" \thTp nhTt] u-v n" z ph?n gixa cha dVy 4 | cha "Snh lH cheng cf thB hQng phMi cao nhTt !H thTp nhTt cha cM CoUn B-: tS" CiB" "H tG Cf nf rnt 5uFng ta cf CiB" \thTp nhTt] u CKnh dTu :v B:: t`ng @t cKc giai CoUn "H cheng ta cf8 !i@t u "i dVy !i@t ( body v Vi@t 3_a !Ho cKch phVn tZch nh< tr>n8 cKc giai CoUn "H ta cf lH {Fi !ni dVy "Hu 5anh : gC (: (p-. / (p;. : giao Cng gC -: (p;. 4 (p;) : giM" "Unh gC :: (p;) 4 (p). : tdng "Unh gC ;: (p). C@n h@t: giM" CAu Can CFi !ni dVy "Hu CW: gC (: (p-./(p:) : giao Cng gC -:(p:) 4 nhxng nd" (p;. : giM" "Unh gC :: (p;) 4 (p). : tdng "Unh gC ;: (p). C@n h@t : giM" CAu Can Cf thB thTy ngay lH - dVy cf s_ giFng nhau trong cKc giai CoUn8 !ikc cwn lUi cha cheng ta lH thay C`i cKch dbng tG sao cho trKnh trbng nhau !H dbng nhxng tG hay nhTt* {iAu nHy "Snh 5in php o !i@t ra z CVy !S bHi tp nHy C<Jc phVn tZch rTt ro trong 2rite Right 4 page -N* $ji ng<=i cbng hjc nh* P@t bHi: ret lUi ( l?n nxa t`ng Ruan cha hSnh hoac n>u l>n s_ giFng nhau hKc nhau cha - dVy nh<ng o tht s_ bmt buc phMi cf n@u nh< bUn C} n>u z "z bHi hoac lDng !Ho trong bHi* T`ng Ruan nHy ph[ thuc !Ho cK nhVn "i ng<=i8 "i ng<=i cf cKi nhSn hKc nhau n>n CiAu t`ng @t hKc nhau o cf 9 lH lnn lao hay CKng lo lmng8 cKc bUn cf thB t_ | !i@t nh8 "icn lH" sao trKnh trbng lap tG lH C<Jc*

$t !Hi CiB" che | hKc: $i dVy cf n>n C<Jc chia thHnh ; CoUn tFi Ca8 : cng C<Jc chTp nhn 'hiAu hSnh cf C@n : hoac ; lines8 cKc bUn o c?n phMi phVn tZch h@t cheng8 chq chjn ra +A0 u tFi Ca v trong sF cheng CB phVn tZch nh< tr>n8 cKc dVy cwn lUi luQn luQn rTt CLn giMn u tdng l>n hoac giM" 5uFng hoac `n Cynh tG C?u tni cuFi v 'goHi cKc cVu nfi l>n t`ng Ruan cha hSnh u cVu - "z bHi hoac @t bHi v thS hQng C<Jc dbng nhxng tG hKc ngoHi hSnh8 nhxng tZnh tG nfi nh< interesting8 good8 bad E* VS cheng nfi l>n | i@n cK nhVn 4 TTt cM cKc info phMi C<Jc dbng !ni nhxng tG ngx "ang tZnh trung lp* Chh tG trong cVu phMi C`i th<=ng 5uy>n trKnh nhH" chKn cho cVu !dn* $ji ng<=i che | cKch dbng tG trong 2rite Right sI ro* TIPS W%ITIN& TAS' 1 Phi !i@t bHi lun hay phVn tZch biBu CD trong 0&LT# 2riting Tas (8 bUn c?n bi@t C@n "t g ndng rTt Ruan trjng !H c?n thi@t CB giep bUn CUt CiB" cao* Pg ndng nHy cf t>n lH %araphrasing* '@u hiBu theo Ti@ng Vikt8 paraphrasing cf nghga lH !i@t lUi c[" tG hoac cVu bng cKch dbng tG ngx hKc cf | nghga t<Lng t_* Pg ndng nHy rTt Ruan trjng !S nf lH" cho bHi !i@t cha bUn phong phe hLn !A "at tG !_ng !H cho ng<=i Cjc thTy lH bUn bi@t cKch bi@n hfa cVu tG cha "Snh CB trKnh s_ lap Ci lap lUi trong bHi !i@t* {Fi !ni g ndng nHy8 bUn cf thB !i@t lUi cVu bng nhiAu ph<Lng phKp hKc nhau* Trong bHi !i@t nHy sI C> cVp C>n "Qt sQ ph<Lng phKp paraphrasing hi>u RuM* {?u ti>n Cf lH dbng tG CDng nghga* Tuy nhi>n8 hQng phMi hjc sinh nHo cng bi@t dbng ph<Lng phKp nHy "t cKch hiku RuM !S hj nghg rng chq c?n thay th@ nhxng tG trong cVu bng nhxng tG cf | nghga t<Lng t_ lH C<Jc* +}y nhSn !Z d[ C?u ti>n: CVu nguy>n bMn: It is difficult to choose a suitable place to learn a foreign language. CVu !i@t lUi: It is challenging to pick up a relevant place to learn a foreign language. Trong !Z d[ tr>n8 ng<=i !i@t thay tG difficult bng challenging8 choose thHnh pic up8 suitable thHnh rele!ant !H place thHnh school* VA "at ngx phKp8 cVu !i@t lUi hQng cf gS sai* VA "at | nghga8 cVu !i@t lUi nghe cf ! giFng nh< cVu C?u ti>n* Tuy nhi>n8 cVu !i@t lUi nghe hQng ljt tai !H t_ nhi>n n@u nhSn tG gfc C cha ng<=i bMn 5l* TG pic up hQng cf nghga lH choose !H tG rele!ant thS trong tr<=ng hJp nHy hQng giFng nghga hoHn toHn !ni tG suitable* {B thay th@8 bUn c?n tS" tG thZch hJp hLn !H sKt nghga hLn nh< lH cVu d<ni CVy: It is hard to select an appropriate place to learn a foreign language 'goHi !ikc dbng tG hQng sKt nghga !H thZch hJp !ni hoHn cMnh8 nhiAu hjc sinh cwn "mc phMi !Tn CA hKc hi dbng ph<Lng phKp nHy* #au CVy lH !Z d[ "inh hja: CVu nguy>n bMn: Many people think living in a city is slightlybetter than living in a country-side CVu !i@t lUi: A lot of people think living in a city is a bit better than living in a country-side Trong !Z d[ tr>n8 ng<=i !i@t paraphrase "any thHnh a lot of !H slightly thHnh a bit* VA "at ngx phKp !H | nghga8 cVu !i@t lUi hQng cf gS lH sai* Tuy nhi>n8 5t !A tZnh hc thut cha tG !_ng8 hai tG a lot of !H a bit th<=ng C<Jc dbng trong !dn nfi thay !S !dn !i@t hjc thut !S hai tG nHy CAu "ang tZnh chTt hQng trang trjng uinfor"alv*

VS th@8 paraphrase trong tr<=ng hJp nHy hQng phKt huy hiku RuM* {B paraphrase hiku RuM8 bUn hQng nhTt thi@t phMi thay C`i nhiAu tG "H n>n chjn nhxng tG "H bUn cH" thTy cf thB !i@t lUi C<Jc bng nhxng tG hay hLn* Trong cVu tr>n8 nhxng tG sau CVy cf thB C<Jc thay th@ bng nhxng tG hay hLn: $any more and more, an increasing gro!ing number of people, many a person Thin believe, presume, take the vie! that, hold a vie! Chq c?n thay - tG nHy thQi nh<ng cVu cha bUn cf thB C<Jc bi@n hfa thHnh !Q !Hn cVu hKc hay hLn !H nhSn cf ! phlc tUp hLn: More and more people believe that living in a city is slightly better than living in a city An increasing number of people presume living in a city is slightly better than living in a city Many a person holds a vie! that living in a city is slightly better than living in a city A gro!ing number of people take the vie! that living in a city is slightly better than living in a city. Trong 0&LT# 2riting tas (8 !ikc C?u ti>n bUn lH" lH !i@t cVu "z C?u* 'ghe thS cf ! phlc tUp nh<ng lUi rTt CLn giMn !S bUn chq phMi 5Kc Cynh nhxng tG trong CA bHi "H cf thB C<Jc thay th@ bng nhxng tG hay hLn thQi* +}y cbng 5e" cVu d<ni CVy: "he graph belo! sho!s the proportion of the population aged #$ and over bet!een %&'( and )('( in three different countries. Trong cVu tr>n8 nhxng tG sau CVy cf thB C<Jc thay th@ hiku RuM bng nhxng tG hKc: sraph line graph #hows compares, illustrates %roportion of percentage of, the figure for The population people, the elderly Between (p;. and -.;. from %&'( to )('(, over a period of %(( years Vy lH bUn cf thB !i@t cVu "z bHi cho Tas ( bng "Qt sQ cKch sau CVy "H hQng hA thay C`i | cVu: "he line graph compares the percentage of people aged #$ and over from %&'( to )('( in three countries "he line graph illustrates the figure for the elderly aged #$ and over in three countries over a period of %(( years VI?T W%ITIN& TAS' ) IELTS >IC< D<E T%$N& T>FI &IAN 8>$ P>GP Trong ph?n thi !i@t 0&LT#8 thZ sinh C<Jc y>u c?u !i@t hai bHi trong Cf bHi C?u ti>n lH phVn tZch biBu CD !H bHi thl hai lH !i@t theo chh CA* Th=i gian Rui Cynh cho hai bHi !i@t nHy lH i. phet8 trong Cf -. phet C<Jc dHnh ra CB phVn tZch biBu CD !H ;. phet cwn lUi CB !i@t theo chh CA* BHi !i@t d<ni CVy sI C<a ra "t !Hi l=i huy>n b` Zch CB giep cKc bUn lH" bHi !i@t thl hai cha ph?n thi 0&LT# hiku RuM hLn trong ;. phet* L=i huy>n C<Jc gfi gjn trong cQng thlc sau: ) 4 :. 4 ) CQng thlc nHy cf nghga lH gSY {f lH ) phet C?u lp dHn |8 :. phet ti@p theo !i@t bHi !H ) phet cuFi iB" tra Cjc lUi bHi* RTt nhiAu thZ sinh 0&LT# cf thfi Ruen bmt tay !Ho !i@t bHi ngay sau hi Cjc CA bHi !H hj th<=ng hQng iB" soKt C<Jc nhxng | "H "Snh !i@t ra trong bHi* 'goHi ra8 nhxng bHi !i@t nh< th@ nHy cwn cf thB dn C@n tSnh trUng !i@t lan "an !H hu RuM lH th=i gian lH" bHi h@t nh<ng bHi !i@t ch<a C<Jc hoHn thHnh* {B trKnh nhxng rhi ro nHy8 cKc bUn n>n dHnh ra ) phet C?u ti>n CB lp dHn |* Trong dHn | nHy8 cKc bUn ghi nhxng |

chZnh "H bUn "uFn !i@t cho ph?n "z bHi8 ph?n thVn bHi !H @t lun* {B ti@t ik" th=i gian8 cKc bUn chq n>n gUch C?u dwng nhxng | chZnh thay !i !i@t ra cM cVu nh< "t sF thZ sinh !n hay lH"* #au hi lp dHn | 5ong8 bUn n>n dHnh ra :. phet ti@p theo CB !i@t bHi* Trong :. phet nHy8 bUn n>n dHnh ra hoMng ) phet C?u ti>n CB !i@t ph?n "z bHi8 -. phet cho ph?n thVn bHi !H ) phet cuFi cbng cho ph?n @t bHi* CuFi cbng nh<ng cng rTt Ruan trong8 bUn n>n Cjc lUi bHi cha "Snh CB iB" tra8 phKt hikn !H s^a chxa nhxng li ngx phKp8 tG !_ng !H CKnh !?n hQng CKng cf* $z bHi {Fi !ni ph?n "z bHi8 cKc bUn n>n Cjc g CA bHi CB hiBu ro y>u c?u bHi !i@t lH gS un>u ra Ruan CiB" cha "Snh8 CDng tSnh hay hQng CDng tSnh8 n>u ra nguy>n nhVn !H cKch giMi Ruy@tv !H nfi ro h<nng Ci bHi !i@t cha bUn lH gS* VZ d[8 n@u CA bHi hWi bUn CDng tSnh hay hQng !ni | i@n C<a ra trong CA bHi8 cVu cuFi cbng cha ph?n "z bHi th<=ng C<Jc dbng CB nfi !ni ng<=i Cjc bHi lH bUn CDng tSnh hay hQng !ni | i@n Cf* Trong ph?n lp dHn |8 cKc bUn chq n>n gUch - C@n : C?u dwng lH nhiAu CB trKnh tSnh trUng !i@t dHi dwng8 lan "an* $i C?u dwng lH tf" tmt cha "i cVu bUn !i@t trong ph?n "z bHi* sUch C?u dwng C?u ti>n cf thB lH tf" tmt cha cVu gini thiku !A chh CA bUn sI !i@t* sUch C?u dwng thl hai cf thB lH tf" tmt cha cVu CA cp C@n | i@n C<Jc C<a ra trong CA bHi hay nfi cKch hKc lH bUn !i@t lUi | i@n C<a ra theo CA bHi bng tG ngx ri>ng cha "inh utrong ti@ng Anh gji la paraphrasev* sach C?u dwng cuFi cbng C<Jc dbng CB n>u ra Ruan CiB" cha ri>ng bUn CFi !ni | i@n C<a ra trong CA bHi* ThVn bHi Trong ph?n thVn bHi8 cKc bUn n>n dHnh ra hoMng : phet cho ph?n lp dHn | thVn bHi* RTt nhiAu thZ sinh nghg ra C<Jc !Q sF | t<zng !H hj !i@t h@t | nHy C@n | hKc* Tuy nhi>n8 cKc bUn chq n>n !i@t tFi Ca - C@n : | cho ph?n thVn bHi cha "Snh !S hai lZ do chZnh* Thl nhTt lH cKc bUn sI iB" soKt C<Jc th=i gian Rui Cinh !i@t bHi tFt hLn thay !S phMi !i@t cTp tFc hi cf RuK nhiAu |* Thl hai lH bUn sI cf th=i gian C?u t< !Ho chTt l<Jng bHi !i@t cha "Snh hLn* BHi !i@t hQng nhiAu | nh<ng chTt l<Jng bHi !i@t tFt luQn luQn C<Jc CiB" cao hLn lH bHi !i@t nhiAu | nh<ng !i@t u8 sai nhiAu li !H dHi dwng* Trong ph?n dHn | cha bUn chq n>n cf - C@n : gUch C?u dwng chZnh lH nhxng | chSnh cha ph?n thVn bHi* CKc bUn chi n>n dbng : CBn ) tG trong ph?n gUch C?u dwng nHy CB tf" tmt | chZnh* LH" nh< th@ nHy sI giep cKc bUn ti@t ik" th=i gian !H Ruan trong hLn lH ph?n lp dHn | sI dc nhSn hLn* '@u bUn dbng RuK nhiAu tG ngx CB tf" tmt | chZnh8 cKc bUn sI hf tS" C<Jc CVu lH tG hfa hi bUn nhSn lUi dHn | cha "Snh CB !i@t ph?n thVn bHi* ~ "i | chZnh trong dHn | cha bUn8 bUn c?n !i@t tf" tmt nhxng | ph[ CB giMi thZch8 b` sung hay "z rng | chZnh cha "Snh* '@u bUn hQng cf | ph[ nHy8 bHi !i@t cha bUn sI hQng cf tZnh thuy@t ph[c !H logic cao* Trong hi !i@t ph?n thVn bHi8 "i | chZnh sI C<Jc !i>t ra trong "i CoUn !dn thay !S nhiAu | chZnh trong cbng "t CoUn !dn*Vi@t nh< th@ nHy sI lH" cho bHi cha bUn dc Cjc hLn !H dc theo doi hLn* Trong "i CoUn !dn8 cVu C?u ti>n th<=ng lH cVu gini thiku | chZnh CB ng<=i Cjc bi@t C<Jc ngay lH bUn sI !i@t !A cKi gS !H tG Cf sI cM" thTy bHi !i@t cha bUn "Uch lUc8 trQi chMy hLn* TG cVu thl hai trz Ci cha CoUn !dn8 bUn sI n>u ra nhxng | ph[ usupporting ideasv CB dn giMi8 C<a ra !Z d[ c[ thB CB b` sung cho | chZnh cha bUn* '@u "uFn bHi !i@t cha bUn cf tZnh logic cao8 bUn n>n @t hJp s^ d[ng nhxng c[" tG nFi ulin ing wordsv trong ph?n thVn bHi z CVu "i CoUn !dn !H Can 5en trong CoUn !dn !Z d_ nh<:

1irstly8 #econdly8 'e5t8 1inally C?u ti>n8 thl hai8 ti@p C@n8 cuFi cbng As can clearly be seen fro" this e5a"ple8 E !Z d[ nHy cho thTy 0t is clear thatE E** lH rTt ro rHng Thus8 therefore do Cf8 bzi !y +owe!er8 ne!ertheless tuy nhi>n On one hand8 on the other hand z "at nHy8 z "at hK After analy7ing both points of !iew8 E sau hi phVn tZch cH hai hZa cKnh To pro!ide a su""ary8 to su""arise8 in conclusion E CB @t lun P>t luVn Trong ph?n @t lun8 bUn cng chq c?n !i@t : C@n ; cVu* CKc bUn n>n !i@t ( cVu tf" tmt nhxng | chZnh "H bUn n>u ra z ph?n thVn bHi* CVu thl hai tf" tmt Ruan CiB" cha bUn CFi !ni chh CA C<Jc C<a ra trong CA bHi* $Ty cVu cuFi cbng cf thB C<Jc dbng CB C<a ra "t !Hi | hay phWng CoKn li>n Ruan C@n chh CA C<Jc C<a ra trong bHi thi*