Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
What is a Beam?
A Beam is any structural member which resists load mainly
by bending. Therefore it is also called flexural member. Beam may be singly reinforced or doubly reinforced. When steel is provided only in tensile zone (i.e. below neutral axis) is called singly reinforced beam, but when steel is provided in tension zone as well as compression zone is called doubly reinforced beam.
USD method
WSD method
Assumptions:
1) Section remains plane 2) Stress proportioned to Strain 3) Concrete not take tension 4) No concrete-steel slip
Design Conditions:
Strain compatibility:
Resisting Moment:
Strain compatibility :
Elastic analysis for loads become compatible for design. Old famous books are according to this method. Experienced engineers are used to this method. In past it was the only method for design purposes. This method is included in AISC-05 specifications as an alternate method.