2.2.

3 Moored Vessels [1] Motions of Moored Vessel (Notification Article 23) As a general rule, the external forces generated by the motions of a moored vess el shall be calculated by carrying out a numerical simulation of vessel motions, with the wave force actin g on the vessel, the wind force, the current force due to water currents, etc. being set appropriately. [Commentary] (1) Vessels moored at mooring facilities situated in the open sea or near to har bor entrances, or at mooring facilities inside harbors for which long-period waves are expected to come in, along with v essels moored during stormy weather, are liable to be moved under the influence of loads due to waves, winds , currents, etc. In some cases, the kinetic energy due to such motions can exceed the berthing energy. In such c ases, it is thus advisable to give full consideration to the tractive forces and impact forces caused by the motion s of vessels when designing bollards and fenders 10). (2) As a general rule, the external forces generated by the motions of a vessel should be obtained by carrying out a numerical simulation of vessel motions, based on the factors such as the wave fo rce acting on the vessel, the wind force, the current force due to currents, and the load-deflection character istics of the mooring system. [Technical Notes] (1) As a general rule, the motions of a moored vessel should be analyzed through numerical simulation, with consideration given to the random variations of the loads and the nonlinearity o f the load-deflection characteristics of the mooring system. However, when such a numerical simulation of vessel motions is not possible, or when the vessel is moored at a system that is considered to be more -or-less symmetrical, one may obtain the displacement of and loads on the mooring system either by using frequ ency response analysis for regular waves or by referring to results of an motion analysis on a floating bod y moored at a system that has load-deflection characteristics of bilinear nature 11). (2) The total wave force acting on the hull of a vessel is analyzed by dividing it into the wave exciting force due to incident waves and the radiation force that is generated as the vessel moves. Th e wave exciting force due to incident waves is the wave force calculated for the case that motions of the ves sel are restrained. The radiation force is the wave force exerted on the hull when the vessel undergoes a motion o f unit amplitude for each mode of motions. The radiation force can be expressed as the summation of a term that is proportional to the acceleration of the vessel and a term that is proportional to the velocity. Spec ifically, the former can be expressed as an added mass divided by acceleration, while the latter can be expressed as a damping coefficient divided by velocity 12). In addition, a nonlinear fluid dynamic force that is proportional to the square of the wave height acts on the vessel (see 8.2 External Forces Acting on Floating Body). (3) For vessels that have a block coefficient of 0.7 ~ 0.8 such as large oil tan kers, the ship hull can be represented with an elliptical cylinder, allowing an approximate evaluation of the wave forc e 13).

(4) For box-shaped vessels such as working craft, the wave force can be obtained by taking the vessel to be either a floating body with a rectangular cross section or a floating body of a rectangul ar prism.