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CUCM Software GNS3 VMWare Workstation Call Manager Express (CME) Cisco Unity Connection/Cisco Unity Connection Express Cisco 2600XM, 2801 Routers (ISR/VG) NM2V WIC Card
DIGITIZING VOICE
Step 1 Sample the signal If you sample the signal at twice the highest frequency, you can accurately reconstruct a signal digitally. Common Frequencies: Human Ear - 20-20,000hz Speech - 200-9,000hz Nyquist Theorum 300-4,000hz Step 2 Perform quantization on the sample Pulse Amplitude Modulation PAM 1.! 2.! 3.! Take value of amplitude/voltage (Segments!) Many samples are taken as low as possible in human speech range PAM scale to line up samples with voltage level
Example: 8000x8=64000 COW x 8000, most samples will be the same. Hence compression! Human voice/Codebook built as there are only so many frequencies used. G.729 codec used for 8Kbps voice.
Step 3 Convert to binary Pulse Code Modulation PCM A-LAW (OTHER PLACES) + N-LAW (USA) - A-LAW makes more sense!
Takes binary to represent POSITIVE and NEGATIVE 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 (2-4 bits SEGMENTS, 5-8 bits INTERVALS) N-LAW is exact opposite! (Transcoding is where you convert between the 2) Step 4 Optionally compress the samples 1.! 2.! 3.! 4.! Send all Just send changes Build a codebook Standard voice = 64Kbps Compressed value = 8Kbps with G.729
DISTRIBUTED MODEL Phone Session RTP Connect Message Sent Bridge Phone and Phone for RTP communication
MGCP Protocol for Centralized model Routers and Phones are workhorses Simplicity SRST Backup/ Failover/Mini Brain
KEY PROTOCOLS
Signaling Protocols (Setup a call) ! ! ! ! H.323 Peer to Peer, Between VGs MGCP Server to Client, Between VGs SIP Long term option/victor SCCP Cisco Proprietary
Streaming Protocols ! ! RTP Focus! Realtime Transport Protocol/ Sound of voice! RTCP Control/Stats for call
MORE DESIGN..
WHAT IF NO WAN?
SRST When WAN fails, router takes on calls via PSTN. PSTN should always be in place for backup. TEHO Tail End Hop Off UK call via WAN to CHINA, then tailing off to a local call. FREE via WAN link and only then paying a local call fee.
! ! !
POWER
3 ways to power an IP Phone ! ! ! Inline Power Cisco Pre Standard/IEEE 802.3AF Midspan Power Power Patch Panel (Cost wise might as well get PoE) Wall Power (Power supply/pack)
VOICE/AUX VLANS
General network design/security dictates voice and data separation. Seems impossible since IP phones have a built in switch. VOICE VLANs always LOW VLAN ID! As STP will failover the lowest VLANs 1st!!!
NTP SERVERS
1.! Configure NTP server 2.! Optionally confogure one of more of your devices as NTP masters. Ntp server _ _ _ _ Clock timezone NAME hoirs offset from UTC *show ntp associations Designate CUCM as NTP master Set from Stratom 1 Server Ntp master
ADMIN - OS CLI (Jeremy Cioara preferred) CME GUI from router flash CCP Conf t Telephony-service ? LOTS OF OPTIONS! Show ephone registered Show ephone section ephone-dn SKY IS LIMIT! CLI Dial Peers/Phonebook/Route Plan CME GUI Phased out! Router GUI = RUBBISH Evolve to CCP!! CCP = Nextgen for SDM Features Wizard to setup router as CUCME Telephony settings have to be setup!
Discover device before use! Unfied Communications Telephony settings to be setup 1st!
Phone Directory Forwarding Transfer Call Park Call Pickup Intercom Paging After Hours Restrictions Single Number Reach
Adding it all together! Total Bandwidth = Packet Size*Packet Per Second Packet Size = 218 bytes Packets Per Second = 50 x 218 = 10900 bytes per sec 10900 x 8 = 87200 bps/1000 = 87.2 Kbps of BW ---- WOOOOOOAH!
VOICE TO PACKETS 2 forms of DSP = C549 and C5510 CODEC COMPLEXITY G.711 - MEDIUM G.726 - MEDIUM G.729A - MEDIUM G729AB MEDIUM
G.723 HIGH G.728 HIGH G.729 HIGH G.729B HIGH ILBC HIGH (DSP Calculator on Cisco Website)
Voice Gateway Types Analog voice gateway One call per port Digital voice gateway Multiple calls per port A voice gateway transitions between voice network types (VOIP/PSTN) Same concept as a router separating networks.
GATEWAYS AND TRUNKS: SIP ! Designed as next generation H.323 ! Call Signaling and Call Setup ! Avaya use SIP all the time
PSTN FAILOVER
PSTN FAILOVER
Dial-peer voice 6000 VOIP Destination-pattern 6 Session target ipv4: 10.1.1.2 *preference 0 Dial-peer voice 6001 POTS ----- PSTN BACKUP Destination-pattern 6 Port 1/0:1 No digit-strip Prefix 1512555 (USA LONG DISTANCE) (STRIPPED)
CLASS OF RESTRICTION
Calling privileges ACLS for VOIP CCNA Voice COR concepts only not configuration Who can call what? PBX Realm Class of Service (NOT QOS) Call manager realm Class of Control Router realm = Class of Restriction Requires an in depth understanding of in + out dial peers Requires more detailed dial peers (No 9T for PSTN) Manually creating a PSTN dial plan EMERGENCY COR Dial-peer voice 999 pots Destination-pattern 999 No digit-strip Forward digits 3 (3 far right digits) INTERNATIONAL Dial-peer voice 12 pots Destination-pattern 9011T Prefix 011 (USA BIASED)
CLASS OF RESTRICTION
COR LISTS Incoming dial-peer assigns incoming COR list Outgoing dial-peer assigns outgoing COR list If the OUTGOING COR list is a subset of the INCOMING COR the call IS forwarded UNDERSTANDING COR *NOT FOR CCNA VOICE *Bubble analogy Dial-peer cos custom Name 911 call Name local call Name ldcall Name international
CLASS OF RESTRICTION
STEPS FOR COR 1.! Define COR bubbles under cos custom NAME 2.! Define outgoing COR lists (MEMBERS) 3.! Define incoming COR lists (MEMBERS) 4.! Assign COR to dial-peers WITHOUT INCOMING COR LIST YOU CAN DO ANYTHING 1.! Lists and names 2.! Outgoing bubbles 3.! Incoming bubbles 4.! Apply COR to dial-peer corlist incoming LD CCNA VOICE FOCUSES ON CONCEPTS ONLY NOT CONFIGURATION
CUCM HISTORY
!! Version 2.4 !! Cisco Made Own !! NT Based 4.0 !! 2001 !! Install on any hardware !! Cisco blamed for faults! !! Version 3.0 !! Only Cisco approved hardware !! Media Convergence Server !! BUT if not purchased from Cisco, NO end to to end support. !! Version 4.x 2000 !! Version 4.3 2003 !! Version 5.x Linux Build/2003 !! Version 6.x Cisco stood ground on Linux based OS *MAINSTREAM*
CUCM - FEATURES
!! HTTP is 90% of all administration !! IE and Firefox only, doesnt like Chrome !! Navigation URL/cucmadmin (5 consoles) !! System Menu = Global Configuration Mode equivalent !! Serviceability Menu = Monitoring/Alarms/Tools/Features/Services !! Control Center = Start/Stop Services (Features/Network) !! OS Administration = Tether to OS !! Disaster Recovery System = Backup/Restore CUCM database only !! OS Administration to update version of CUCM !! Cisco Unified Reporting = Reports/Data from CM/Sucks data from all clustered CMs. !! All services are installed by default, just activate and deactivate as required.
CUCM - CLI
!!You can SSH into the CUCM server !!LAB CUCM with VMWare and CUCM ISO !!SSH = Overlay of Linux OS (Restricted) !!Utilities PING example !!Database Replication
DEVICE POOL !!Assign settings to phone !!Assignment to IP Phone !!List of CUCM servers to use !!Codec to be used !!Time + Date information !!DEVICE POOLS group this configuration to a single assignment
CUCM SUPPORTING END DEVICES REQUIRED DEVICE POOL ELEMENTS !!Device Pool NAME !!Cisco CM Group (Up to 3) !!Date/Time Group !!Region !!Softkey Template !!SRST Reference !!*DEVICE POOL is normally set as a LOCATION !!By default the CUCM group only contains the PUBLISHER !!All auto registration devices will go to this PUBLISHER/CUCM GROUP
LOCKING DOWN THE CISCO IP PHONE !!Disable PC port !!Lock settings access !!Gratuitous ARP protect !!PC Voice VLAN access !!IP Phone HTTP access !!Product specific configuration layout !!GARP = ARP comes in that you didnt ask for. GARP sends a fake MAC address for your default gateway. Disabled in CUCM7. !!Phone conversation sent to PC and SWITCH. Call recording/monitoring etc.
!!Delegate administrator rights !!Users assigned to groups !!Groups assigned to one or more roles !!Roles assigned to privileges !!*Important ordering!
CUCM WILDCARD SAMPLES !![XYZ] [X-Y] [X-YZ] DIGIT SET !![XYZ] [X-Y] [X-YZ] Negative Digit Set !! = Anything BUT! !!Example of each: !!38[2,4-6,9]3 = 3823 !!38[2-4]3 = 3813 !!9011!HASH = 9011_______________________HAS (32 digits then terminate)