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By Aman Sethi
Aman Sethi
AP English 11-4
Mr. Powles
th
18 August 2009
The independence of Pakistan and India from British rule was an event of
newly created countries gave speeches to the people of the new countries near the
stroke of midnight on August 15, 1947. The speeches, Jawaharlal Nehru’s “Tryst with
Destiny” speech and Mohammed Ali Jinnah’s “Message to the Nation” speech were
meant to not only commemorate the auspicious days, but to create a sense of national
identity and pride in a time of trouble and bloodshed taking place near the borders of
the newly created nations. Though discussing similar matters, Nehru’s “Tryst with
Destiny” speech, with the greater effective use of rhetoric and literary devices, is far
more compelling in creating a sense of national identity and pride that Jinnah’s
“Message to the Nation” speech. By focusing on the similar aspects of both speeches,
and observing the differing use of language and rhetoric, it can be observed how the
language in the “Tryst with Destiny” speech makes it far more compelling than in the
A similarity that both the “Tryst with Destiny” speech and the “Message to the
Nation” speech share is that both the speeches discuss the role of the newly created
countries in the world. In several points in both speeches, Nehru and Jinnah both
discuss the place of their nation in the world order. Jinnah states in his speech, “Our
object should be peace within and peace without,” which with its obscure language,
creates discord and confusion between the language and the intended meaning.
However, in Nehru’s “Tryst with Destiny” speech, Nehru says that the goal of the
leaders of the new country is to “wipe every tear from every eye.” This language is
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Aman Sethi
AP English 11-4
Mr. Powles
th
18 August 2009
statement in Jinnah’s “Message to the Nation” speech is the statement “We have no
ambition beyond the desire to live honourably and let others live honourably.” This
statement while repeating the idea of living honourably is apathetic towards anything
above and beyond that. Nehru however uses the phrase “we take the pledge of
dedication to the service of India and her people and to the still larger cause of
humanity.” and this phrase uses personification and hyperbole to get its point across.
The two speeches given by Nehru and Jinnah also refer to the role of the
citizens of these new countries that had just arisen. Both Nehru and Jinnah deal with
the issue of citizenship and minorities in completely differing ways. “Let us” said
Jinnah “impress on the minorities by word, deed and thought that as long as they
fulfill their duties and obligations as loyal citizens of Pakistan, they have nothing to
fear.” This phrase represents partition, as Jinnah divides the country between ‘us’ as
ambiguous as well, and can be interpreted to constitute a veiled threat. Nehru mostly
avoids the issue, but in one part of the speech states, “All of us, to whatever religion
we may belong, are equally the children of India with equal rights, privileges and
obligations.” This statement, by personifying India, and portraying all the citizens as
speech makes numerous references to a “Muslim Nation,” and uses phrases like “Let
the Muslim congregations … in all the mosques, bow in all humility before the
Almighty.” Thus, while Nehru’s speech addresses India as a whole, Jinnah’s speech
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Aman Sethi
AP English 11-4
Mr. Powles
th
18 August 2009
places emphasis on Muslims, and in doing so leaves out the minorities, creating
division.
The two speeches, particularly the “Tryst with Destiny” speech deals a fair bit
with what could only be called ‘ambition.’ The speech deals with what the two
leaders want their country to become. In Jinnah’s speech, this aspect is glossed over
and only described very plainly without emphasis. However, in Nehru’s speech, the
elegant use of language makes the speech more potent, and inspires a sense of duty
towards the country. Jinnah’s states in his speech how a nation should “containing
many elements, live in peace and amity and work for the betterment of all.” While
this states the goal of the betterment of all, the broad generalization with the use of the
word “betterment,” and conservativeness of the goals makes the statement uninspiring
and generally dull. Nehru, however, in the “Tryst with Destiny” speech uses the
phrase “the ending of poverty and ignorance and disease and inequality of
opportunity.” The use of multiple conjunctions aids in emphasizing each social ill,
and thus the speech lays out specific problems to tackle. Following this phrase is the
phrase “And so we have to labour and to work, and work hard, to give reality to our
dreams.” With the repetition of the idea of work, Nehru places emphasis on the labour
that is required to achieve their ambitions. The pursuit of lofty goals helps in inspiring
Destiny and appointment are also central ideas in Nehru’s and Jinnah’s
portrays the event as inevitable and right. However, while both speeches view a
higher purpose as a cause of the independence, Nehru’s speech uses the idea to far
greater effect than Jinnah’s speech. The opening line in Nehru’s speech is “Long ago
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Aman Sethi
AP English 11-4
Mr. Powles
th
18 August 2009
we made a tryst with destiny.” which personifies destiny. The line also uses the word
“tryst” which implies a higher purpose in the world for India. The idea is further
reinforced in the line “At the dawn of history India started on her unending quest.”
Thus, Nehru implies the idea of India as a nation on the way to greatness, to meet
with destiny. To Jinnah however, independence “marks the fulfillment of the destiny
of the Muslim nation,” which implies that the countries role is already fulfilled, and
there is nothing to aspire towards. Jinnah also states “Let us, on this day, humbly
thank God for His bounty and pray that we might be able to prove that we are worthy
of it.” which gives the impression that Pakistan is already what it was meant to be,
Nehru’s “Tryst with Destiny” speech are meant to inspire national pride and identity.
However, Nehru’s “Tryst with Destiny” speech is far better at this task than Jinnah’s
“Message to the Nation” speech for several reasons. For one, the “Tryst with Destiny”
speech with its hyperbolic use of language presents India as a nation to be of great
importance in the world and its affairs. Jinnah on the other hand portrays Pakistan as a
country that will be isolated and play a minimal role in world affairs. Another point is
that Nehru does not mention differences in the people, and instead finds the common
threads that link the people of India together, inspiring a national identity. Jinnah
however focuses on the fact that Pakistan is a Muslim nation, and differentiates
between Muslims and others, dividing the people of Pakistan. The “Message to the
Nation” speech does not display any ambition either, and uses generalizations,
indicating ineffectiveness on the part of the leaders. “Tryst with Destiny” however
presents focused goals and emphasizes the work involved, indicating to the citizens
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Aman Sethi
AP English 11-4
Mr. Powles
th
18 August 2009
that the leaders know what they are doing. Jinnah implies in his speech that Pakistan’s
destiny has been fulfilled with independence, while Nehru presents a still greater
purpose for India. Thus, this presents the people of India with a purpose. Therefore,
the “Tryst with Destiny” speech stands as a representative speech to inspire feelings
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Aman Sethi
AP English 11-4
Mr. Powles
th
18 August 2009
Bibliography
:
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Euphony. 18 August 2009
<http://www3.merriam-webster.com/opendictionary/>
On my honor, I pledge that I have neither given nor received improper assistance in
completing this task.
__________________________________
Aman Sethi
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