Russian Nominative Case

The Russian Nominative Case is used to mark the subject of the sentence. Like all cases in the Russian language, the easiest way to determine how to use the nominative case is to ask the key questions associated with the case. o, in other words, when you are forming the sentence, first ask yourself the questions!

"#$ Who is it? %r... "&$ What is it?

The answer to these questions will tell you who or what is the subject of the sentence. 'hen in the nominative case, nouns do not need to change endings ( they use their 'regular' ending. )elow is a table outlining the ty*ical endings used, as well as the relevant endings that a**ly to any adjectives linked to the noun. +urther, we have given some s*ecific e,am*les highlighting the word endings so you can see how the nominative case works.

Nominative Case - ? ?
-n Nominative Case, the .normal. ending of the word is used Endings /asculine "m$ +eminine "f$ Neuter "n$ 0lural "*i.$ 1uestions that show Nominative Case! ? "'ho2$ ? "'hat2$ E%am&'es /asculine "m$ +eminine "f$ Neuter "n$ 0lural "*i.$ Who (s (t? * +, - . /"01" "-t3s -van 4 2 3 ergiy$ * . +-What is )it? * 65#7 85 "-t is a big table$ * 65#7 ! 3 7"5 is a big car$ * 65#7" !659 "-t is a big a**le$ * 65#7" :;5 "These are big shoes$ Adjective - - - - ! -!! -oe -"" -" -" Noun -consonant -# -$ - -! -# -! - -e -" - -! - -

"-t3s /om 4 -nna$ * 3 04"5 "-t3s my *arents$

Russian <=e&ositiona' Case

The Russian 0re*ositional Case is used to show where the action takes *lace, or the to*ic being s*oken about. Like all cases in the Russian language, the easiest way to determine how to use the 0re*ositional case is to ask the key questions associated with the case. o, in other words, when you are forming the sentence, first ask yourself the questions!

"#$ A>out ?hom.?hat a=e ?e s&ea@ing a>out? %r... "&$ Whe=e is the action ta@ing &'ace?
The answer to these questions will tell you which nouns require the 0re*ositional case. 'hen in the 0re*ositional case, nouns dro* their 'regular' endings, and are re*laced by the corres*onding endings shown in the table below. The table outlines the ty*ical endings used, as well as the relevant endings that a**ly to any adjectives linked to the noun. +urther, we have given some s*ecific e,am*les highlighting the word endings so you can see how the 0re*ositional case works.

<=e&ositiona' Case - AB 93? AB CD3?

-n 0re*ositional Case, the ending is removed and re*laced as below, Endings Adjective /asculine "m$ -3 -"3 +eminine "f$ - -" Neuter "n$ -3 -"3 0lural "*i.$ -E -E 1uestions that show 0re*ositional Case! G4"? "where2$ 14 ? E%am&'es /asculine "m$ A>out ?hom a=e ?e ta'@ing? 2 1,03 JI-" "'e are talking about 6ohn$ +eminine "f$ 2 1,03 6 +--" "'e are talking about -nna$ Neuter "n$ 2 1,03 6 9-" "'e are talking about the window$ 0lural "*i.$ 2 1,03 04"5!E "'e are talking about my *arents$ Noun -e -- -e - - -e - -a% -!E

F 93? "about whom2$ F CD3? "about what2$ "when2$ Whe=e does the action ta@e &'ace? H5"6 5"I 85" table$ 2 K"4"3 3 7-" "'e are going in a big car$ 2:E 84 !659" 65#73 65#7 65#73

"The bread lies on the big

"The fly sits on the big a**le$ -1 , 65#7E :;5!E "The feet are in the big shoes$

Russian Accusative Case

The Russian 7ccusative Case is used to show the direct object, or the object of the action taking *lace. Like all cases in the Russian language, the easiest way to determine how to use the 7ccusative case is to ask the key questions associated with the case. o, in other words, when you are forming the sentence, first ask yourself the questions!

"#$ Whom o= ?hat do ( Ao= the su>jectB see . d=a? . eat Ao= ?hateve= the
action isB? %r...

"&$ Lo ?he=e do ( Ao= the su>jectB go?

The answer to these questions will tell you which nouns require the 7ccusative case. 'hen in the 7ccusative case, nouns dro* their 'regular' endings, and are re*laced by the corres*onding endings shown in the table below. The table outlines the ty*ical endings used, as well as the relevant endings that a**ly to any adjectives linked to the noun. +urther, we have given some s*ecific e,am*les highlighting the word endings so you can see how the 7ccusative case works.

Accusative Case - 1? ?
-n 7ccusative Case, the ending is removed and re*laced as below, Endings /asculine "m$ +eminine "f$ Neuter "n$ 0lural "*i.$ Adjective 7nimate! -nanimate! -1 -"1 no change :M 7nimate! Noun -! --! -nanimate! no change -N -HO -# -M No change "Refer cases summary table$

-MM No change "Refer cases summary table$

1uestions that show 7ccusative Case! 1? "whom2$ ? "what2$ :4 ? "where to2$ 14 ? "when2$ E%am&'es /asculine "m$ Whom.?hat do ( see? P ,I: 65#71 JI"- see big 6ohn$ +eminine "f$ Neuter "n$ P ,I: 3 5"-#9:M +--: "- see little -nna$ Q 90, M 65#7" 9- "- am closing the big window$ 0lural "*i.$ P 85:7 M 04"5" "- am listening to my *arents$ P "4: , 289,: "- am going to /oscow$ Lo ?he=e do ( go? P "4: , 5", "- am going to 8iev$

Russian Rative Case

The is used to show the indirect object, or the receiver of the action. Like all cases in the Russian language, the easiest way to determine how to use the 9ative case is to ask the key questions associated with the case. o, in other words, when you are forming the sentence, first ask yourself the questions!

"#$ Lo ?hom am ( Ao= the su>jectB doing this? %r... "&$ Lo ?hat am ( Ao= the su>jectB doing this?
The answer to these questions will tell you which nouns require the 9ative case. 'hen in the 9ative case, nouns dro* their 'regular' endings, and are re*laced by the corres*onding endings shown in the table below. The table outlines the ty*ical endings used, as well as the relevant endings that a**ly to any adjectives linked to the noun. +urther, we have given some s*ecific e,am*les highlighting the word endings so you can see how the 9ative case works.

Rative Case - 3:? "3:?

-n 9ative Case, the ending is removed and re*laced as below, :ndings /asculine "m$ +eminine "f$ Neuter "n$ 0lural "*i.$ 7djective (;<= (><= (;5 (>5 (;<= (><= (?< (@< Noun (= (A (@A (> (@ (@@ (= (A (@A (B< (C<

1uestions that show 9ative Case! D;<=2 D E;<=2 "to whom2$ F><=2 D G><=2 "to what2$ :,am*les /asculine "m$ To whom... H IBA J;IBK;E RM;S=. "- am giving a *resent to 6ohn$ +eminine "f$ H IBA T=<E= VSS> "- am giving a bag to -nna$ Neuter "n$ H IBA J;IBK;E E I@UA "- am giving a *resent to the baby$ 0lural "*i.$ H ;UIBA EOAG K;I@U>OC< "- am returning the key to my *arents$ To what... H J;IL;M= E N;OPQ;<= TU;O= "- am a**roaching the big table$ H J;IL;M= E N;OPQ;5 <BQ@S> "- am a**roaching the big car$ H J;IL;M= E N;OPQ;<= CNO;E= "- am a**roaching the big a**le$ H J;IL;M= E EKBT@W?< U=XOC< "- am a**roaching the nice shoes$

Russian Senitive Case

The is used to show *ossession, or ownershi* of the object in the sentence. Like all cases in the Russian language, the easiest way to determine how to use the genitive case is to ask the key questions associated with the case. o, in other words, when you are forming the sentence, first ask yourself the questions!

"#$ Whom.?hat o?ns this? %r... "&$ What do ( not have?

The answer to these questions will tell you which nouns require the Yenitive case. 'hen in the genitive case, nouns dro* their 'regular' endings, and are re*laced by the corres*onding endings shown in the table below. The table outlines the ty*ical endings used, as well as the relevant endings that a**ly to any adjectives linked to the noun. +urther, we have given some s*ecific e,am*les highlighting the word endings so you can see how the Yenitive case works.

Senitive Case - 1? "1?

-n Yenitive Case, the ending is removed and re*laced as below, Endings /asculine "m$ +eminine "f$ Neuter "n$ 0lural "*i.$ Adjective -1 -"1 - -" -1 -"1 -E -E -! "Refer cases summary table$ Noun -! -! - - -- -!

1uestions that show Yenitive Case! 1? "of whom2$ "1? "of what2$ T 91? "who has2$ "? "whose2$ F9:4 ? "where from2$ 14 ? "when2$ E%am&'es Whom o?ns this? * 86 9 +, "-t3s -van3s dog$ * 8:39 +-- "-t3s -nna3s bag$ * 0:C9 9"-t3s the window3s handle$ * 43 04"5" Neuter "n$ "-t3s my *arents3 house$ What do ( not have? T 3"-! -" 65#71 85 "- don3t have a big table$ T 3"-! -" 65#7 3 7- "- don3t have a big car$ T 3"-! -" 65#71 !659 "- don3t have a big a**le$ T 3"-! -" :C"6-9, 0lural "*i.$ "- don3t have te,tbooks$

/asculine "m$

+eminine "f$

Russian (nst=umenta' Case

The Russian -nstrumental Case is used to show the instrument ( or in other words, how the action is carried out. Like all cases in the Russian language, the easiest way to determine how to use the -nstrumental case is to ask the key questions associated with the case. o, in other words, when you are forming the sentence, first ask yourself the questions!

"#$ With ?hatU o= >N ?homU is the action done? %r... "&$ Who.?hat am ( &=oud oV?
The answer to these questions will tell you which nouns require the -nstrumental case. 'hen in the -nstrumental case, nouns dro* their 'regular' endings, and are re*laced by the corres*onding endings shown in the table below. The table outlines the ty*ical endings used, as well as the relevant endings that a**ly to any adjectives linked to the noun. +urther, we have given some s*ecific e,am*les highlighting the word endings so you can see how the -nstrumental case works.

(nst=umenta' Case - "3? "3?

-n -nstrumental Case, the ending is removed and re*laced as below, Endings /asculine "m$ +eminine "f$ Neuter "n$ 0lural "*i.$ 1uestions that show -nstrumental Case! "3? "by whom2$ "3? "by what2$ / 9"3? "with whom2$ / C"3? "with what2$ E%am&'es /asculine "m$ With ?hat.>N ?hom? W*3 - K8 W:79-3 "The *oem is written by 0ushkin$ +eminine "f$ P K7: 0:C9 "- write with a *en$ P 1,0M 8 9X"-3 "- s*eak with an accent$ P 08:M 9 -5 7 3"- draw with *encils$ P 10I:8# 65#7 3 7- "- am *roud of my big car$ Neuter "n$ P 5M6:M8# 65#73 !6593 "- admire the big a**le$ P 5M6:M8# 90 8,3 7Y5!3"- admire the nice shoes$ Who.?hat am ( &=oud oV? P 10I:8# JI-3 "- am *roud of 6ohn$ Adjective -3 -3 - -" -3 -3 -3 -3 Noun -3 -"3 A-D3B -"- - -" -#M -" -3 -"3 --"3 - 3 -!3

0lural "*i.$