Cebes Tablet

Cebes Tablet
Greek Text with Facing Vocabulary and

Commentary

Beta Edition

Geoffrey Steadman

Cebes Tablet:
Greek Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary

First Edition

2011 by Geoffrey D. Steadman

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ISBN-13: 978-0-9843065-5-8
ISBN-10: 0-9843065-5-2

Published by Geoffrey Steadman
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geoffreysteadman@gmail.com
iii
Preface to the Series

The aim of this commentary is to make Cebes Tablet as accessible as possible to
elementary and intermediate level Greek readers so that they may experience the joy,
insight, and lasting influence that comes from reading one of greatest works in
classical antiquity in the original Greek.
Facing each of the 27 pages of the Greek text, taken from Richard Parsons 1897
edition of Cebes Tablet, is a single page of commentary divided into halves. The top
half includes all of the corresponding vocabulary that occur 19 or fewer times in the
dialogue, arranged alphabetically in two columns. The bottom half is devoted to
grammatical notes, which are organized according to the line numbers and likewise
arranged in two columns. The advantage of this format is that it allows me to include
as much information as possible on a single page and at the same time insure that the
numerous commentary entries are distinct and accessible to readers.
To complement the vocabulary within the commentary, I have added a short Core
Vocabulary List ( see p. vii) that includes all words occurring 20 or more times and
strongly recommend that readers review this list before they begin reading. Together,
this book has been designed in such a way that, once readers have mastered the Core
List, they will be able to rely solely on the Greek text and facing commentary and not
need to turn a page or consult outside dictionaries as they read.
The grammatical notes are designed to help beginning readers read the text, and
so I have passed over detailed literary and philosophical explanations in favor of
short, concise, and frequent entries that focus exclusively on grammar and
morphology. The notes are intended to complement, not replace, an advanced level
commentary, and so I encourage readers to consult some of the additional readings
listed below. Assuming that readers finish elementary Greek with varying levels of
ability, I draw attention to subjunctive and optative constructions, identify unusual
aorist and perfect forms, and in general explain aspects of the Greek that they should
have encountered in first year study but perhaps forgotten. As a rule, I prefer to offer
too much assistance rather than too little.
iv
Print on Demand Books

This volume is a self-published, print-on-demand (POD) book, and as such it
gives its author distinct freedoms and limitations that are not found in traditional
publications. After writing this commentary, I simply purchased an ISBN number (the
owner is de facto the publisher) and submitted a digital copy for printing. The most
significant limitation of a POD book is that it has not undergone extensive peer-
review or general editing. This is a serious shortcoming that should make readers
wary. Because there are so many vocabulary and commentary entries, there are sure
to be typographical and factual errors that an extra pair of eyes would have spotted
immediately. Until all of the mistakes have been identified and corrected, I hope the
reader will excuse the occasional error.
The benefits of POD, however, outweigh the costs. This commentary and others
in the series simply would not exist without POD. Since there is no traditional
publisher acting as a middle man, there is no one to deny publication of this work
because it may not be profitable for the publisher. In addition, since the production
costs are so low and there is no standing inventory of unsold books, I am able to offer
this book at a comparatively low price. Finally, since this book is no more than a .pdf
file waiting to be printed, I am able to make corrections and place a revised edition of
a POD book for sale as often as I want. In this regard, we should liken PODs to
software instead of traditional typeset books. Although the first edition of a POD may
not be as polished as a traditional book, I am able to respond very quickly to readers
recommendations and criticisms and create an emended and augmented POD that is
far superior to previous editions. Consider, therefore, what you hold in your hand as
an inexpensive beta version of the commentary. If you would like to recommend
changes to this volume or download a free .pdf copy, please contact me at the email
address or URL below. All criticisms are welcome, and I would be grateful for your
help.

Geoffrey Steadman Ph.D.
geoffreysteadman@gmail.com
geoffreysteadman.wordpress.com
v
Introduction to Cebes Tablet

Known in Latin as the Tabula Cebetis and in Greek as the o9 tou= Ke/bhtoj Qhbai/ou
Pi/nac, Cebes Tablet tells the tale of two strangers who, while walking in the temple
of Cronos, stumble upon a votive tablet depicting a series of walled enclosures
(peribo/loi) with people scattered throughout. An old man (Presbu/thj) approaches
the two and explains that the picture is an allegorical representation of the course of a
human life with its various temptations and travails. The message is simple: viewers
should avoid the road of False Learning with its alluring courtesans such as Luxury
and Wantonness and instead choose the path of True Learning, inhabited by figures
such as Knowledge, Justice, and Self-Control. The remainder of the narrative is the
old mans recollection of a conversation about the tablet which he had once had many
years earlier with the wise stranger (Ce/noj) who first set up the tablet.
This text is clearly intended for moral edification and spiritual renewal rather
than doctrinal instruction, and in this regard the work is part of a larger tradition that
includes the Allegory of the Cave and Myth of Er, as found in Platos Republic, and
Prodicus Choice of Heracles, as retold in Xenophons Memorabilia. In each case, the
author makes a sharp distinction between the non-philosophical and philosophical life
and urges readers to see the latter as the preferred, though seldom chosen, alternative.
We know little about the dating or author of the Tablet. The 2
nd
c. A.D. writer
Lucian and later tradition attribute the work to the Theban Cebes, a companion of
Socrates and interlocutor in Platos Phaedo, but a few modern Classicists suggest that
the texts unique vocabulary dates the composition to the 1
st
c. A.D. Richard Parsons
has argued persuasively that such dating methods are far from conclusive (see p. viii).
The principal benefit of the Tablet today is that elementary level Greek students
are able to read it with relative ease. speed, and pleasure. While the work has its share
of thorny constructions, the short sentences, repetition of common vocabulary, and
dialogue form make it an worthy introduction to authentic Greek prose. The classicist
R. J. Schork has aptly described the Tablet as a bridge-text between elementary and
intermediate Greek. Whether in the classroom or in independent reading, novice
readers will find it a welcome transition to the rich literature that lies beyond.
vi
How to Use this Commentary

Research shows that, as we learn how to read in a second language, a combination of
reading and direct vocabulary instruction is statistically superior to reading alone.
One of the purposes of this book is to encourage active acquisition of vocabulary.
1. Master the core vocabulary list as soon as possible.
A. Develop a daily regimen for memorizing running vocabulary and forms before
you begin reading. Start with an intensive review of the running core list on the
next page and then turn to less frequent vocabulary words as you encounter them.
B. If you have to consult the core list as you read the dialogue, either photocopy
the list or print it from online and keep it by your book to avoid page-flipping.
More importantly, place a dot or similar mark by all core words that you consult.
As review progresses, focus extra effort on the words that accumulate marks.
C. Download and use the core list flashcards available online (ppt or jpg format).
Research has shown that you must review new words at least seven to nine times
before you are able to commit them to long term memory, and flashcards are
particularly efficient at promoting repetition. Develop the habit of deleting
flashcards that you have mastered and focus your efforts on the remaining words.
2. Read actively and make lots of educated guesses
One of the benefits of traditional dictionary work is that it gives readers an
interval between the time they encounter a questionable word or form and the
time they find the dictionary entry. That span of time often compels readers to
make educated guesses and actively seek out understanding of the Greek.
Despite the benefits of facing vocabulary lists (see the preface), there is a risk
that without that interval of time you will become complacent in your reading
habits and treat the Greek as a puzzle to be decoded rather than a language to be
learned. Your challenge, therefore, is to develop the habit of making an
educated guess under your breath each time before you consult the facing
vocabulary and grammar. If you guess correctly, the commentary will reaffirm
your understanding of the Greek. If you answer incorrectly, you will become
more aware of your weaknesses and therefore more capable of correcting them.
3. Reread a passage immediately after you have completed it.
Repeated readings not only help you commit Greek to memory but also increase
your ability to read the Greek as Greek. Always read the words out loud (or at
least whisper them to yourself). While you may be inclined to translate the text
into English as you reread, develop the habit of reading Greek as Greek and
acquiring meaning without turning the text into English.
4. Reread the most recent passage immediately before you begin a new one.
This additional repetition will strengthen your ability to recognize vocabulary,
forms, and syntax quickly, bolster your confidence, and most importantly provide
you with much-needed context as you begin the next selection in the text.
vii
Core Vocabulary (20 or more times)

The following short list includes all words that occur twenty or more times in Cebes Tablet.
All of the vocabulary, except for tpioio,, are known to elementary Greek students. Since
the core vocabulary does not appear on the vocabulary lists facing the Greek text, readers
should review the words below at least once before they begin reading the dialogue.
The number of occurrences of each word in the Cebes Tablet was tabulated by the author.

oyoo,, -q, -ov: good, brave, capable, 27
oiio : but, 47
oiio,, -q, -o: other, one...another, 26
ov: modal adv., 28
ouo,, -q, -o : -self; he, she, it; the same, 101
io,, o: life, 20
yop: for, since, 38
yiyvooi: to come to be, become, be born, 21
t: but, and, on the other hand, 112
o|to: to seem (good), think, imagine, 33
tyo: I, 35
tii : to be, exist, 140
ti,: into, to, in regard to (+ acc.), 25
t|tivo,, -q, -ov: that, those, 34
tv: in, on, among. (+ dat.), 32
ti: upon (dat); to, toward, at (acc); near, 25
t_o: to have, hold; be able; be disposed, 33
|oi : and, also, even, too, 313
|o|o,, -q, -ov: bad, base, cowardly, evil, 40
|oito: to call, summon, invite, 23
ityo: to say, speak, 26
tv: on the one hand, 41
o,, q, o: who, which, that, 60
oov: ot ov, whenever, 22
oi: that; because, 23
opoo: to see, look, behold, 29
ou, ou|, ou_: not, 62
ou-ti,, out-io, ou-tv: no one, nothing, 23
ouv: and so, then; at all events. 48
ouo,, ouq, ouo: this, these, 136
ouo,: in this way, thus, so, 22
oitio, q : education, culture, learning, 24
opo : from, at, to the side of; in respect to, 30
o,, ooo, ov: every, all, the whole, 35
tpioio,, o: an enclosure, circuit, circle, 23
po,: to (acc), near, in addition to (dat) 39
i,, i : who? which? 52
i,, i: anyone, -thing; someone, -thing, 65
uo : by, because of (gen), under (dat), 23
qi : to say, claim, assert, 104
o,: as, thus, so, that; when, since, 30
ootp: as, just as, as if, 20
viii
Abbreviations

abs. absolute
acc. accusative
act. active
adj. adjective
adv. adverb
aor. aorist
app. appositive
comp. comparative
dat. dative
dep. deponent
d.o. direct object
f. feminine
fut. future
gen. genitive
imp. imperative
impf. imperfect
imper. impersonal
indic. indicative
i.o. indirect object
inf. infinitive
inter. interrogative
m. masculine
n. neuter
nom. nominative
obj. object
opt. optative
pple. participle
pass passive
pf. perfect
pl. plural
plpf. pluperfect
pred. predicate
prep. preposition
pres. present
pron. pronoun
reflex. reflexive
rel. relative
seq. sequence
sg. singular
subj. subject
superl. superlative
voc. vocative

Bibliography

Parsons, R. (1897) Cebes Tablet, with Introduction, Notes, Vocabulary, and
Grammatical Questions. Ginn and Company.
Available in pdf on Google Books, this volume includes a lengthy introduction,
Greek text, brief grammatical notes, and a complete glossary. The appendix
includes detailed grammar questions (but no key) for each section of the text.

Seddon, K. (2005) Epictetus Handbook and the Tablet of Cebes: Guides to Stoic
Living. Routledge.
In addition to a translation of the text, Seddons book contains a glossary of key
terms, and two diagrams and a drawing to clarify the depiction on the tablet.

Schork, R. J. (1995) Cebes Tablet as a Bridge-Text in the Greek Program. The
Classical Journal 91.1 (1995) 65-69.
Schork argues persuasively that for the Tablet is a suitable introduction to
authentic Greek prose after the completion of elementary Greek.

Sider, S. (1979) Cebes Tablet: Facsimiles of the Greek text, and of selected Latin,
French, English, Spanish, Italian, German, Dutch, and Polish translations. The
Renaissance Society of America.
Cebes Tablet was widely translated during the Renaissance, and Siders work
directs attention to its textual transmission through various European languages.

To make the ancients speak, we must feed them with our own blood.

-von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff
2
Cebes Tablet
3
o -uvooi: to be unable, 2
o -opto: be at a loss, puzzled, bewildered, 3
oiiqio,, -o, -ov: one another, 1
o vo -qo, -oo,, o: offering, dedication, 2
o vo -|tioi: to be set up, be dedicated, 1
ytpov, ytpovo,: old man, 2
ypoq, q: drawing, inscription, writing, 4
ypoo: to write, portray, 1
yuvq, yuvoi|o,, q: a woman, wife, 19
tivo,, -q, -ov: strange, wondrous; terrible, 5
uo: two, 3
touou, -q,, -ou: him-, her-, its-, themselves 8
tio-tp_ooi: to go in, enter, 5
tio-oo,, q : entrance, 2
tioov, -ov: smaller, fewer, 1
t-ooi,, q: gesture, show, 2
t-pootv: before, 2
tvov: within, at home, 3
ti-_opio,, -o, -ov: of the land, native, 1
ttpo,, -o, -ov: one of two, other, different 17
t-ioqi: to stand at or near, 3
qti,: we, 10
topt o: to see, watch, look at, 5
iio,, -o, -ov: peculiar, ones own, private, 3
itpov, o : temple, holy place, 1
Kpovo,, o: Cronos, father of Zeus, 2
tiov, tiov: larger, greater, 1
uo,, o : story, word, speech, 3
uoioyio, q : narrative, tale, account, 4
vto ,, vto , o : a temple (Att. for voo ,) 1
tvo,, o : guest, foreigner, stranger, 5
oio: to know, 7
out : and not, but not, nor, not even, 16
ou -t: and not, neither...nor, 14
o_io,, o: a crowd, throng, mob, 6
op-ioqi: to stand or set beside, 2
oo_o: to suffer, experience, 6
tpi: around, about, concerning, 13
tpi-oto: to walk around, 1
ivo, ivo|o,, o: tablet, board, 2
iqo,, o: crowd, multitude; size, 2
oito: to do, make, create, compose, 16
oii,, q: a city, 1
oiu,, oiio, oiu: much, many, 17
ot: ever, at some time, once, 7
ptouq,, o: old man, 1
poo-oo: to order, assign, appoint, 4
poo,, -q, -ov: first, earliest, 16
uiq, q: one of double gates, 9
uiov, -ovo,, o: gateway, gatetower, 1
opoo tov, o : (military) camp, 1
ou-oiio: to contribute, comprehend, 3
uy_ovo: to chance, happen to; get 5
_povo,, o : time, 3
o: O! oh!, 12

1 tuy_ovotv: we happened to; governs
a complementary pple translated as an inf.
2 tv o: in which; relative pronoun, note the
aspiration
3 ou vto: of the temple; obj. of tpootv
aor. indicative is past potential
4 qv: (there was); 3
rd
sg. impf. tii
|oi: joining modifiers tvq and t_ouoo
4 ou,ivt,qoov: what in the world these
in fact are; thesewhat in the world
(they) are; ou, is a relative pronoun
better translated as a demonstrative (these)
6 tivoi: inf. tii, complement of to|ti
7 ytypotvov: the drawing; thing drawn,
pf. pass. pple ypoo is nom. subject
8 ov tvov t: oneand the other; in
apposition to tpioiou, uo
9 tio, tioo: i.e. acc. sg. of the
comparatives tio(v)o and tioo(v)o
|oi: also; adverbial
ti: upon; i.e. placed within the wall
10 po,: near; + dat. place where
11 ttoovoi: to be standing beside; to have
stood near, pf. inf. t-ioqi
12 i: a certain; modifies the neuter iqo,
topoo: was seen; topoto impf. opoo
ti: upon; presumably on the wall over the
gateway rather than at the gateway
13 ttoo,: nom. sg. pf. pple t-ioqi
14 o,: as if; with nom. sg. pple; o, + pple
often expresses alleged cause or intent
i: a certain (order); inner accusative
tioiovi: dat. sg. pres. pple tio-tp_ooi
16 Aopouvovqov: gen. absolute
17 po, oiiqiou,:
oiuv _po vov: for; acc. duration
optoo,: nom. sg. pf. pple op-ioqi
18 tq: he said; direct speech; impf. qi
20 oiooi: they know; 3
rd
pl. oio
4
Cebes Tablet
5
oiviyo, oo,, o : riddle, puzzle, 1
oiviooi: to puzzle, propose as a riddle, 1
o|ouo: to hear, listen to, 6
o -oq,, -t,: unlearned, ignorant, stupid, 1
ovo-iqi: to set up, dedicate; attribute, 1
ovo -qo, -oo,, o: offering, dedication, 2
ovqp, ovpo,, o : a man, 5
ovpoo,, o : human being, 10
o-oiiui: to destroy, kill, ruin, 5
o -o_oii o, q : occupation, business, 1
o-i|vtooi: to come, arrive, 5
o -poouvq, q: folly, thoughtlessness, 3
o -pov, -ov: senseless, mindless, 2
ioo: to live, 3
yt: at least, at any rate; indeed, 10
yiyvoo|o: to come to know, learn, realize, 2
ypoq, q: drawing, inscription, writing, 4
ti : it is necessary, must, ought (+ inf.), 7
tupo: here, to this point, hither, 1
io-ityooi: to converse with, discuss, 2
i-t-tp_ooi: to go through, recount, 1
i-qytooi: to relate, narrate, 2
uvooi: to be able, can, be capable, 4
ti : if, whether 19
t-pov, -ov: sensible, prudent, 1
t-qyqoi,, q : explanation, 2
toi|o: to be like, seem like (dat.), 1
ti-ut o: to desire, long for, 1
ti-|ivuvo,, -ov: dangerous; subs. danger, 1
t-qyqoi,, q : explanation, leading out, 3
tpyov, o: work, labor, deed, act, 7
tu -oiov, -ov: happy, fortunate, blessed, 7
Ztu,, o: Zeus, 7
qioo: to strive after, pursue, have zeal for, 1
ouo o: to wonder, marvel, be astonished 2
qti,: we, 10
itpov, o : temple, holy place, 1
|o|o-oiov, -ov: unlucky, ill-fated, 2
|o|o,: poorly, badly, 17
Kpovo,, o: Cronos, father of Zeus, 2
ioyo,, o : word, speech, account, discourse, 5
tyo,, tyoiq, tyo: big, great, important, 6
vto tpo,, -o, -ov: younger, rather young, 1
ot, qt, ot: this, this here, 1
oio,, -o, -ov: of what sort, as, 4
oioi: long ago, formerly, of old, 1
ovu: quite, entirely, exceedingly, 7
Hoptvitio,, -o -ov: Parmenidean, 1
i|po,, -o, -ov: sharp, keen, bitter, 1
oiii|o,, -q, -ov: of the polis, 1
oiio|i,: many times, often, frequently, 8
otpo,, -o, -ov: which (of two), whether? 11
po-oiio: to throw forth, set out, 1
poo-t_o: to pay (attention), direct, 4
Huoyoptio,, -o, -ov: Pythagorean, 1
ooi o, q : wisdom, skill, intelligence, 1
oouoio,, -q, -ov: earnest, serious, 2
ou: you, 5
ouv-iqi: to understand; put together, 10
2iy, 2iyyo,, q: Sphinx, 4
oo o: to save, rescue, 11
t: and, both, 11
oi -vuv: well then; therefore, accordingly, 18
uti,: you, 10
ovo,, o: envy, begruding, grudge, 2
povio,, -q, -ov: prudent, sensible, wise, 1
_povo,, o : time, 3
o: O! oh!, 12
ooouo,: in the same manner, just so, 3

23 ioyotpyo: in respect to; dat. respect
24 tqio|o,: unduplicated pf. pple qioo
25 ovtq|t: set up; 3
rd
sg. aor. ovoiqi
26 tqv: 1
st
sg. impf. qi
27 topo|o,: nom. sg. pf. pple opoo
29 ov: nom. sg. pres. pple tii
31 q|q|otiv: I had heard; 1
st
sg. plpf. o|ouo
32 po, Lio,: by Zeus; in an oath, gen. Ztu,
33 uy_ovti ouoo: happens to be; pple tii
34 o|ouooi: aor. inf. o|ouo
36 oui...oi: this herenamely that; acc.
40 ouvq ott: you will understand; fut ouviqi
41 totot: you will be; fut. most vivid, tii
44 toi|uio: resembling + dat.; pf. pple toi|o
45 ouvi q: understood; 3
rd
sg. impf ouviqi
47 ti...t_ti: it holds in the case of; + gen.
6
Cebes Tablet
7
ovo-ioovo: to take up, reply, 2
ovo -oiiv: on the contrary, 1
oo-vq o|o: to die off, perish, 6
ovo: up, above, 5
oio: to walk, to go, 5
oiov, -ovo,, o: divine being, divine spirit, 1
ti|vui: to point out, display, show, 5
i-qytooi: to relate, narrate, 2
tov: ti ov, if (+ subj.), 10
t-ioqi: to stand at or near, 3
t|-tivo: to stretch out, 4
t-oiio: to throw in, put into, 1
tti-tp: since (in particular), 1
ti-ui o, q: desire, longing, yearning, 4
ti-iiov, o : value, price, compensation, 1
ti : if, whether 19
tio-oo: at once, 1
tio-optuooi: travel into, journey, march, 11
ovo: to do in anticipation, anticipate, 1
ytpov, ytpovo,: old man, 2
yiyvoo|o: to come to know, learn, realize, 2
ypoq, q : drawing, inscription, writing, 4
q: or (either...or); than, 15
qti,: we, 10
Hpo|itq,, o: Heracles, 3
ioqi: to make stand, set up, establish, 12
|oo-ipoo|o: to consume, devour, 1
|oo-tipo: to corrupt, destroy, 1
|oo : down from (gen.), down along (acc.), 2
|tituo: to bid, order, command, exhort, 11
o|opio,, -o, -ov: blessed, happy, 3
tiio: to be about to, to intend to, 4
i|po,, -q, -ov: small, little; trifle, 4
oio,, -q, -ov: whole, entire, complete, 1
oo,, q : road, way, path, journey, 14
oio: to know, 7
op-o|ouo: to fail to hear, hear in vain, 2
op-tpyo,, -ov: secondary, subordinate, 1
oio,, -o, -ov: what sort of? what kind of?, 14
o,: how? in what way? 15
poo,, q : a staff, 1
2iy, 2iyyo,, q: Sphinx, 4
oo,, o: a place, region, 10
oiouo,, -ouq, -ouo: such, 5
uti,: you, 10
o: O! oh!, 12
_opq,, -ou, o: roll of papyrus, 1
_tip, _tipo,, q : hand, 6

50 ouo: these things; obj. of ouviq
51 ouviq : one understands; pres. subj.
ouviqi in a present general condition
52 |oopoti,: devoured; aor. pass. pple
53 |oo i|pov: little by little; distributive
54 yvo: one learns; aor. subj. yiyvoo|o
58 o,tyoiqv: how great!; in exclamation
59 ttiq|o,: you put us into; 2
nd
sg. pf.
ou : these things; neuter subject ouo
ouo, t_ti: are so; holds thus
60 toiv: (these things) are; ouo is subj.
61 ov ovoi,iqyoutvo,: you could not
relate (it) fast enough; you could not
anticipate relating (it), potential optative
62 optpyo,: passively; secondarily, i.e.
of secondary importance
63 Avoioov: aor. pple ovoioovo
t|tivo,: nom. sg. aor. pple t|-tivo
68 titvoi: inf. oio, uo, is acc. subject
|oitioiHi o,: thatis called Life
69 opo: along side + acc.
70 ttoo,: nom. sg. pf. pple t-ioqi
71 tioiv: are; 3
rd
pl. pres. tii
toq|o,: standing; pf. pple ioqi
72 q ttpo: with the other (hand); means
ootp ti|vuov: as if showing something
74 ouou,: that they...; acc. subj. of oitiv
o, ov: whenever; general temporal
clause with aor. subj. tio-tp_ooi
8
Cebes Tablet
9
o -yvoio, q: ignorance, 9
ovo-qoo: to leap up, start up, leap back, 2
o-oyo: to lead away, 3
ooq, -q,, q: a trick, fraud, deceit, 5
oiovio,, -o, -ov: of or belonging to a
oiov, 1
io : through (gen.), on account of (acc.), 15
oo, q: opinion, reputation, honor, glory, 12
uvoi,, -to,, q: power, strength, capacity, 8
touou, -q,, -ou: him-, her-, it-, themselves, 3
tio-optuooi: travel in, journey, march in, 11
tio: then, next, and so, therefore, 17
t|ooo,, -q, -ov: each, every one, 3
tvov: within, at home (+ gen.) 3
ti: still, besides, further, 8
q: or (either...or); than, 15
qovq, q : pleasure, delight, 1
qo,, qto,, o: custom, character, 1
qov, -ov: less, weaker, inferior, 1
po vo,, o : throne, 2
|o-qoi: to sit (down), 2
|tioi: to set, lie, lie down, 2
opq, q : form, shape, 2
ovo-oo,, -q, -ov: of every kind or sort, 1
iovo,, -q, -ov: persuasive, plausible, 1
ivo: to drink, 8
iovo,, o: wandering, error, deceit, 6
iovoo: to wander; err, deceive, 5
ioo: to shape, form, mold, 1
itiov, -ov: more, greater, larger, 1
it|o: to twist, braid, cling to, entwine, 1
iqo,, o: crowd, multitude; size, 2
oo, -o,, o: a drink, 2
oi: whether? to where? 5
optuooi: to travel, traverse, proceed, 2
oqpiov, o: a cup, 1
oio: to give drink, 3
oov, o: drink, 1
poo: to do, accomplish, make, act, 4
oivooi: appear, seem, become visible, 7
_oito,, -o, -ov: difficult, hard, harmful, 2
o: O! oh!, 12

79 opo: beside
80 |oo ov oov, |o ov: in the place in
which;
81 t ou: upon which; ti
tiootvq:
85 Aoq: Deceit; all personified vices and
virtues are capitalized in the text
|oitioi: is called; governs a nom. pred.
qoiv: he says; one expects impf. tense
86 ioooo: iovoouoo, fem. pres. pple.
90 ouo: this; modifies o oov
93 iovt,: nom. pl. aor. pple ivo
ouo: this (drink); acc. object of pple
94 otpov: introduces a question with two
oi tvoi t: some (people drink)others
(drink); in apposition to ovt,
95 itiov, qov: comparative adverbs
98 t_ouoov: having; gen. pl. pres. pple
100 ouoi|oiouvoi: these are called
pres. passive governing nom. pred.
101 tiooptuqoi: proceeds inside; pres. mid.
subjunctive in a general temporal clause
102 ovoqooiv: ovoqoouoiv, 3
rd
pl pres.
it|ovoi po, t|ooov: cling to each;
i.e. embrace
105 oi tvoi t: some (women carry them
off)others (carry them off)
ti, o oo tooi: to save (them); for
saving; expressing purpose, articular inf.
107 oiovit: vocative direct address
o, _oitovityti,: how difficult a drink
you speak of!; an exclamation

10
Cebes Tablet
11
oyo: to lead, to bring, to carry, to convey, 13
o -toio,: not steadfastly, inconsistently
oito: to ask, ask for, beg, 1
o -iqivo,, -q, -ov: true, real, 15
o -poouituo,, -ov: without forethought, 1
opoo: to snatch, steal, rob, 1
o -ooiq ,, -t,: not liable to fall, safe, secure 6
o-oipto: to take away from, 6
toio,, -ov: firm, steadfast, sure, certain, 5
tiioo,, -q, -ov: best, 1
ouiooi: to wish, be willing, desire, 5
io : through (gen.) on account of (acc.), 15
ioi: to give, offer, grant, provide, 13
io : i o, on account of which, 4
ooi,, -to,, q: a giving, a gift, 6
ti|q : rashly, without plan or purpose, 3
t|-ooi,, q: a fall(ing out), failure, 1
t-oyytiio: to order, command; profess, 2
tupio|o: to find, discover, devise, invent, 2
Ztu,, o: Zeus, 7
|oio,: well, nobly, 14
|oo,, -q, -ov: deaf, 1
iio,, o : a stone, 5
iuoitiq,, -t,: profitable, useful, 1
oivooi: to mad, rage, be furious, 1
qvuo: to reveal, show, 1
ovo,, -q, -ov: alone, only, solitary, 3
opq, q : form, shape, 2
ooio,, -o, -ov: like, resembling, similar, 4
ooi: to which place, whither, 2
oiiv: again, once more; back, backwards, 13
ovo-_ou : everywhere, 3
opo_pqo: immediately, straightaway, 1
tpi-oyo: to lead around, 1
tpi-optuooi: to travel around, traverse, 1
ivo: to drink, 8
iotuo: to trust, believe in, rely on, 3
iovoo: to make wander; err, deceive, 5
potpo,, -o, -ov: before, earlier, 10
pi o: to hurl, cast, throw, 2
oqoi vo: to indicate, point out, show, 1
oqtiov, o: sign, mark, 2
o|iqpo ,, -o, -ov: hard, harsh, 1
opoyyu io,, -q, -ov: round, spherical, 4
uy_ovo: to chance, happen, get; meet, 5
uio,, q, ov: the blind, 3
u-op_o: to be there, ready or available, 10
uoi,, -to,, q: nature, character, 2

108 o,oouooi: as if intending to lead; o,
+ fut. pple oyo is expressing the alleged
purpose, modifying fem. nom. pl oooi
ti: to; + acc. expressing the goal
109 |oi tuoiovo |oi iuoitiq : bothand;
iuoitito, 3
rd
decl. acc. sg. with iov
ti, iov: for life; expressing purpose
110 oi t: and those (people)
111 to|ooi: 3
rd
pl. perfect ivo
111 opo: from (the side of); + gen.
113 ti|q : without purpose; adv. not predicate
ootpo,: just asso they are led
potpov: comparative adverb
114 ooi ov u_q : to wherever; general
temporal clause with 3
rd
sg. aor.
subjunctive uy_ovo
116 q o|ouoo: the one seeming; in
apposition to yuvq
ootp uiq i,: as if a blind woman
117 toq|uio: standing; having stood still,
fem. nom. sg. pf. pple ioqi
118 ou ovovoiio |oi: not onlybut also
120 i tpyov: what task?; interrogative adj.
121 op ov: from these; demonstrative
o uop_ovo: possessions; acc. object
123 opo t ov ouov: from the same ones
125 o oqtiov: nom. subject
131 iotuq: 3
rd
sg. subj., general temporal
Cebes Tablet
13
o -ut o: to lose heart, be discouraged, 2
o -|pooio, q : lack of control, intemperance, 10
o vpoo,, o : human being, 10
ovotpo,, -o, -ov: higher, further, 1
o -iqoio, q: greediness, insatiate desire, 1
oo-oiio: to throw away, reject; lose, 1
o -ooi o, q : wastefulness, extravagance, 2
oui,: back again, later, 2
ooiitio, q: a kingdom, 1
ytioo: to laugh, 2
qio,, -q, -ov: clear, evident, conspicuous, 1
tioo: to be accustomed, 2
t|-oito: to produce, finish, complete, 1
to: out of (+ gen.); adv. outside, 3
toipq, q : a female companion, courtesan, 1
tu -ytvtio, q: well-born, noblity, 1
|ioio: to weep, wail, 2
|oio|tio, q : flattery, 1
|ooto: to arrange, adorn, 2
ioovo: to take, receive, catch, grasp, 15
oio: very, very much, exceedingly, 8
vuv: now; as it is, 4
ooo,, -q, -ov: as much or many as; all who, 10
opo-iqoio,, -ov: resembling, like (+dat), 5
op-tp_ooi: to go beside, come past, 1
iouo,, o: wealth, riches, 11
t|vov, o: child, offspring, 2
upovvi,, -io,, q : absolute power; tyrant, 1
u_q, q: chance, luck, fortune, success, 9
_oipo: to rejoice, be glad; fare well, 5

137 oi tv ouovoi t: some of them
others
138 t|to|ot,: pf. pple t|-tivo
139 ytiov: infinitive o-contract
140 oi tiiqot,: those receiving something;
nom. pred. pf. pple ioovo
tioiv: are; 3
rd
pl. pres. tii
141 Ayoqv|oiouoiv: they call Chance
itself Good; verb governs double acc.
142 op ov: (those) from whom; missing
antecedent is nom. pred. of tioi
otiito: (Chance) took away; aor. mid.
o-oipto, supply 1u_q as subject
o to|touoi,: (the things) which
(Chance) gave to them previously; pf.
141 Ko|qv|oiouoiv: see line 141
145 ivotoiv o: what are (the things)
which; neuter pl. with 3
rd
sg. verb
oi: which; o i, relative pronoun, neuter
sg. although the antecedent is plural; the
form is acc. object of both participles
146 oi oooiiovt,: those losing
148 ouo: (they are) these; add tioi
151 qiovoi: clearly; (it is) clear that,
qiov oi
152 oiio: and other things; crasis, o oiio
153 ooo: as many as (are); supply verb
155 t|oiqoti: it will be permitted; it will
suffice, impersonal fut. + inf.
156 ytvoto: let us abide; let us be
hortatory aor. subjunctive yiyvooi
158 too: let it be; 3
rd
person imperative tii
159 o, ov optiq,: whenever you go past;
aor. subjunctive op-tp_ooi in a
general temporal clause
161 toq|uio,: fem. pf. pple ioqi
|t|ootqtvo,: arranged; i.e. in clothing
and appearance
ootp toipoi tioooi: just as
courtesans are accustomed
164 q tvq t: on the one handone the
other; all nom. predicates of |oitioi

12
Cebes Tablet
13
o vpoo,, o : human being, 10
ovotpo,, -o, -ov: higher, further, 1
o -iqoio, q : greediness, insatiate desire, 1
oo-oiio: to throw away, reject; lose, 1
ooiitio, q: a kingdom, 1
ytioo: to laugh, 2
qio,, -q, -ov: clear, evident, conspicuous, 1
t|-oito: to produce, finish, complete, 1
toipq, q : a female companion, courtesan, 1
tu -ytvtio, q: well-born, noblity, 1
|ioio: to weep, wail, 2
|oio|tio, q : flattery, 1
op-tp_ooi: to go beside, come past, 1
upovvi,, -io,, q : absolute power; tyrant, 1

137 oi tv ouovoi t: some of them
others
138 t|to|ot,: pf. pple t|-tivo
139 ytiov: infinitive o-contract
140 oi tiiqot,: those receiving something;
nom. pred. pf. pple ioovo
tioiv: are; 3
rd
pl. pres. tii
141 Ayoqv|oiouoiv: they call Chance
itself Good; verb governs double acc.
142 op ov: (those) from whom; missing
antecedent is nom. pred. of tioi
otiito: (Chance) took away; aor. mid.
o-oipto, supply 1u_q as subject
o to|touoi,: (the things) which
(Chance) gave to them previously; pf.
141 Ko|qv|oiouoiv: see line 141
145 ivotoiv o: what are (the things)
which; neuter pl. with 3
rd
sg. verb
oi: which; o i, relative pronoun, neuter
sg. although the antecedent is plural; the
form is acc. object of both participles
146 oi oooiiovt,: those losing
148 ouo: (they are) these; add tioi
151 qiovoi: clearly; (it is) clear that,
qiov oi
152 oiio: and other things; crasis, o oiio
153 ooo: as many as (are); supply verb
155 t|oiqoti: it will be permitted; it will
suffice, impersonal fut. + inf.
156 ytvoto: let us abide; let us be
hortatory aor. subjunctive yiyvooi
158 too: let it be; 3
rd
person imperative tii
159 o, ov optiq,: whenever you go past;
aor. subjunctive op-tp_ooi in a
161 toq|uio,: fem. pf. pple ioqi
|t|ootqtvo,: arranged; i.e. in clothing
and appearance
ootp toipoi tioooi: just as
courtesans are accustomed
164 q tvq t: on the one handone the
other; all nom. predicates of |oitioi

14
Cebes Tablet
15
oioovooi: to perceive, feel, learn, realize, 1
oio_po,, -o, -ov: shameful, disgraceful, 4
oi-tvvui: to put around, clothe, 1
ovo|yoo: to force, compel, constrain, 1
ovo-iio|o: to spend, waste, squander, 1
ovo-vq o: to sober up, 1
ovo-qoo: to leap up, start up, leap back, 2
ovo: up, above, 5
oioo: to think worthy, 1
o -ovo,, -ov: without toil, 2
oo-otpt o: to deprive from, rob, defraud, 2
o -o_qovt o: be shameful, act shamefully, 1
iotpo,, -o, -ov: harmful, 2
yopyoiio: to tickle, 1
yovu, yovoo,, o: knee, 1
io-piq, q : pastime; pursuit, 1
io : i o, on account of which, forreason, 4
ouituo: to be a slave, serve, be subject to, 2
tvt|o: for the sake of, because of, for (gen.), 5
ti-itio: to fail, 1
ti-op|to: to forswear, break an oath, 1
toio: to eat, 1
to,: until, as long as, 3
qu-otio, q : good-feeling, luxury, 3
qu,, -tio, -u : sweet, pleasant, glad, 2
upi ov, o : small door, 1
itpo-ouit o: to steal from a temple, 1
|o|o-otio, q : ill-feeling, misery, distress, 1
|o-toio: to consume, eat, 2
|toiq, q : the head, 2
|oiotuo: to flatter, 1
iqio: to plunder, steal, 2
ooi, ooiyo,, q : whip, lash, 1
tvo: to stay, remain, 4
t_pi(,): up to; until, as long as (+ gen.), 4
oioo: backward, behind (gen.)1
ou|-ti: no more, no longer, no further, 3
ou|ouv: therefore, then, accordingly, 13
opo-ioi: to hand over, give over, 3
opo-qpto: to watch closely, observe, 1
tio: persuade, win over, trust; mid. obey 3
po-ioi: to give up, betray, 2
po|o,, -to,, o: a rag, 1
puopo,, -o, -ov: filthy, 1
o|otivo ,, -o, -ov: dark, darkness; obscure, 1
otvo ,, -q, -ov: narrow, 2
ou-it|o: to cling together, entwine (dat), 1
ouv-tii: to be together, associate, 1
iopio, q : vengeance, punishment, 2
upio: insult, transgress, assault, maltreat 1
uo-tvo: to abide, hold up, endure, 2
ot: in this way, so, thus, 9

166 i : why?
toq|ooiv: are standing; have stood
still 3
rd
pl. pf. ioqi
167 tiiqoo,: those receiving; acc. pl. pf.
pple ioovo
opo: from; + gen.
171 op ouoi,: beside them
oitouoi: that they will have; 3
rd
pl.
fut. of t_o, note the aspirated t in fut.
173 tioq: is persuaded; aor. pass. subj. of
tio in a present general condition
174 t_pi ivo,: up to a certain (time)
176 yopyoiiq : 3
rd
sg. pres. subj. + ov in a
177 ovovqq : 3
rd
sg. aor. subj. ovo-vqo +
ov in a general temporal clause
qoitv: impf. toio
179 ovoiooq : exhausts; 3
rd
sg. aor. subj.
ovo-iio_o + ov in a general temporal
opo: from; + gen.
180 ouitutiv: to be slave to; + dat.
181 ov uotvtiv: to endure everything
182 oiov: for example; in respect to such
185 tiiiq : everything fails; aor. subj.
190 ou|ouv: donot; anticipating yes answer
191 qitotvoi: being clothed; pf. pple
16
Cebes Tablet
17
otiq,, q: a sister, 3
o -ui o, q: discouragement, spiritlessness, 2
oo: at once, at the same time; along with, 5
yuvo,, -q, -ov: naked, 1
uo-tiq,, -t,: misshapen, deformed, 1
ti : if, whether 19
t|, t: out of, from (+ gen.), 15
tv-ouo: there, at that point, 1
t-oipto: to take out, choose, 2
ti-uy_ovo: to meet, chance upon, 1
pi , pi_o ,, q : hair, 1
|ooipo: to cleanse, purify, 4
|o|o-oiovio, q : unhappiness, bad fortune, 2
|oo-opt o: to bring to ruin, destroy, 1
|ivuvo,, o: risk, danger, venture, 1
ito,, -q, -ov: thin, lean, gaunt, 2
ioio,, o : remaining, the rest, 6
iuq, q : pain, distress, grief, 5
to: with (+ gen.); after (+ acc.), 11
to-voio, q : change of mind, repentance, 2
ouvq, q : pain, grief, 3
oupo,, o : lamentation, complaining, 2
oi|o,, o : household, house, 1
op-ioqi: to stand or set beside, 2
poo-t_ooi: to receive, accept, 1
pio: to hurl, cast, throw, 2
ou-ioo: to live with, live together, 1
ouv-ovoo: to encounter, come together, 2
ouv-ioqi: to introduce, put together 1
iiio: to pluck, 1
iopto: to punish, avenge, 1
1tuo-oio, q : false opinion, 1
1tuo-oitio, q: false-education, -culture, 10
o: O! oh!, 12

195 pi_o,: hair; acc. pl. of pi, pi_o,
197 optoq|o,: the one standing beside; +
dat.; pf. pple, op-ioqi, in apposition
200 i, toiv: who is she?
ouoi,opoiooi: (one) is handed
over to these; i.e. a person is given over
to Oupo, and Auio
203 ouioi: one lives with; ouioti, 3
rd
sg.
pres. o-contract verb, the subj. is a person
204 pitoi: is thrown; pres. pass.
207 tov q...tiu_q: ifdoes not meet him;
aor. subj. tiuy_ovo in pres. general
condition
208 i yiyvtoi: what happens?
209 ouvovq oq : see line 207
210 toipti: Mtovoio is subject
ouvioqoiv ouo: introduce to him
211 qv|oioutvqv: the (desire leading) to
the so-called False-education
216 oouoiv: intended to lead; fut. pple oyo
217 |oopti,: being cleansed; aor. pple with
gen. of agent (by)
219 iovooi: is made to wander; not mid.
voice but passive with gen. agent
220 o, tyo,ouo,: how great a danger
this other one is!; in exclamation
221 H t 1tuooitio, oio toiv: what is
(this) False-education?; but False-
education, what is it? an example of
prolepsis (anticipation)

18
Cebes Tablet
19
ovo-|oo: to wander, return, 5
oooo: to deceive, trick, 3
opiqi|o,, o : arithmetician, 1
oopoioyo,, o: astronomer, 1
ytotpq,, o: measurer of land, 1
ioit|i|o,, o: one skilled in arguing, 1
ti|oio,, -o, -ov: reckless, heedless, 1
tio-oo,, q : entrance, 2
tpooq,, -ou, o : a lover, 1
tp_ooi: to go, come, 3
too: inside, 2
tu -o|o,, -ov: well arranged, well ordered, 2
qovi|o,, -q , -o v: pleasurable, pleasing, 1
|oopio,, -q, -ov: clean, neat, tidy, 1
|pii|o,, o : judge, critic, 1
ouoi|o,, -q, -ov: musical, cultured, 1
oiooi: to suppose, think, imagine, 3
ooov: whenever, 1
opo-yiyvooi: to be present; to arrive, 10
tpi-pt_o: to run around, 1
Htpioqi|o,, o: a Peripatetic, 1
oiqq,, -ou, o: poet, 1
pqop, -opo,, o: rhetor, speaker, 1
ouv-oiito: to associate with, 1
1tuooitio, q: false-education, -culture, 10

224 |oi o io: very much indeed; |oi as adv.
225 Ou|ouv: Thennot?; inferential, begins
question seeking a yes response
to: outside
opo: alongside
226 toq|tv: stands; has stood still, pf.
229 ouqv: this one; i.e. the yuvq above
ov ovpov: (of) men; partitive gen.
231 oi: you know, to be sure; particle
232 ouiovoi: they wish; pres. subj. + ov in
a general temporal clause
titiv: aor. inf. tp_ooi
234 otpov..ou| qv: was there not then
another road.?; impf. tii
238 ivt, tioiv: who are they?; 3
rd
pl. tii
239 qoqtvoi: being deceived; pf. pass. ;
oooo, instead of duplication of the
initial consonant, the vowel is lengthened
243 oi tvoi t...oi t...: some (are
called)others (are called)
249 ooioi: similar to; governs a dat.
tv oi,: among whom
252 ouoi t|tivoi tioiv: they themselves are
those

20
Cebes Tablet
21
o v-oio, q : pathless place, roadless place, 2
o-tp_ooi: to go away, leave, 3
oo : from, away from. (+ gen.), 5
oo-yiyvoo|o: to reject, repudiate 2
oo-iuo: to loosen from, free, 1
ovo: up, above, 5
ouvo,, o: a hill, mound, 3
q: indeed, surely, really, certainly, just, 5
io : through (+ gen.) on account of (acc.), 15
t|-oiio: to throw out, 3
ti-itio: to leave out, omit, 1
ti-|o-oi|to: to dwell on, live upon, 1
tpqo,, -q, -ov: solitary, deserted, 1
Ztu,, o: Zeus, 7
u po, q : a door, 2
|ooi po: to cleanse, purify, 4
|oopi|o,, -q, -ov: cleansing, purifying, 3
|o|io, q : wickedness, vice, cowardice, 6
oqo, -oo,, o: learning, instruction, 5
tvo: to stay, remain, 4
vq : by + acc. (used in swearing), 7
oiiyo, -q, -ov: few, little, small, 1
oou: where, 1
ooi,, qi,, o i: who-, which-, whatever, 1
ou t-ot: not at any time, never, 1
o_ito: to crowd, make a crowd, 1
tpoq,, -t,: like a rock, rocky, 1
ivo: to drink, 8
oo, -o,, o: a drink, 2
optuooi: to travel, traverse, proceed, 2
po: before, in front; in place of (+ gen.), 2
oovi o,: rarely, scarely, seldom, 1
ot: at that time, then, 2
po_u,, -tio, -u : rough, harsh, 1
u qio ,, q , o v: high, lofty, 4
tpo: to bear, carry, bring, convey, 3

253 otpov: introduces a yes/no question,
leave untranslated
254 vq Li o: by Zeus; acc. sg. Ztu,
257 yop: yes, because
tv ouoi,: among these
tiov: they drank; 3
rd
pl. aor. ivo
259 ou q otiq: do not leave; ou q +
aor. subj. o-tp_ooi expressing
emphatic denial
261 ooyvovt,1tuooitio,: rejecting
False-education; judging away, gen. of
separation, aor. pple ooyiyvoo|o,
tiotiooiv: they enter; ov + aor. subj.
tio-tp_ooi in a general temporal clause
262 iooi: aor. subj. ivo
ouov: from these; gen. separation
263 |oopooi: they are cleansed; 3
rd
pl. aor.
pass. |ooipo, general temporal clause
266 ot q: at exactly this time
ooq oovoi: 3
rd
pl. fut. pass. ooo
267 opo: alongside
ooiuqoovoi: fut. pass. oo-iuo
268 tiititi|o|ov outv: no evil will
neglect them
270 q tpouoo: (the road) bearing; i.e.
proceeding in a particular direction
275 ou|ouv: Thennot?; inferential, begins

22
Cebes Tablet
23
ovo-oivo: to go up, climb, mount, 2
ovo -ooi,, -to,, q: ascent, mounting, 1
ovo: up, above, 5
oo-tiiioo: to shrink back, crouch away, 2
oo -|pqvo,, -ov: steep, 1
o -ovo,, -q, -ov: true, real, 15
ou, -tio, -u : deep, steep, 1
po_u: shortly, 1
io-ovo-ouo: to rest for a while, 1
uo: two, 3
ty-|potio, q : self-control, 2
ti|o: to drag, draw, 1
t-oyytiio: to order, command; profess, 2
tv-tv: from here, hence, 2
tu-t|to: to be in good health, 1
q|o: to come, 3
o poo,, o : daring, boldness, confidence, 2
opot o: be confident or bold, take courage, 3
io_u,, o: strength, power, force, 1
|oio,, -q, -ov: beautiful, fair, noble, fine, 11
|optpto: to be steadfast, patient, staunch, 1
|optpio, q : endurance, patience, 2
|o-ioqi: to establish, 2
|pqvo,, o: sheer cliff, height, precipice, 2
|u|io,, o : circle, 1
iiopo,, -o, -ov: shining, brilliant, 1
opo-|oito: to encourage, urge, 1
tpo, -o,, q: rock, cliff, 3
po-u o,: eagerly, zealously, readily,
willingly, 2
poo-|oo-oivo: to step down (to), 1
poo-opoo: to look to, look upon, 1
otvo ,, -q, -ov: narrow, 2
ooo, -oo,, o: the body, 1
uqio,, q, ov: high, lofty, 4
_oito,, -o, -ov: difficult, hard, harmful, 2

283 oti,: modifies |pqvou,
287 |oi o io yt _oitq: a very difficult
(road) indeed; yt emphasizes oio
pooitiv: to look upon; explanatory
(epexegetical) inf. with _oitq
289 |u|io : in a circle; dat. manner
291 toq|uio,: standing; having stood still
pf. pple ioqi
292 tut|ouoo,: acc. pl. pres. pple tut|to
o oooi: in respect to body; dat. of
respect
293 |oi o, t|to|ooi: and (do you see) how
they have stretched out out; pf. t|oo
297 i : why
300 ootiiiov: inf. o-contract ootiiioo
301 |optpqooi ouou,: that they be
steadfast; aor. inf. and acc. subject
qouoiv: they will come; fut. q|o
304 tpouoov: bearing; i.e. heading in a
particular direction; pres. pple tpo
308 to i|pov: after a little (time)
310 |oooqotiv: to come to; fut. inf.

24
Cebes Tablet
25
oiqtio, q : truth, 1
oioo,, o: grove, 1
o -iou,, q, -ouv: simple, 2
optq, q : excellence, goodness, virtue, 8
o -ooio,: securely, safely, unfailingly, 1
uo: two, 3
titv: well (then), let it be, 1
t-pootv: before, 2
t-oivooi: to appear, 3
tu -oiovio, q : happiness, good fortune, 5
tu -optuo,, -ov: easy to travel, 1
Ztu,, o: Zeus, 7
qq: already, now, at this time, 2
qii|io, q : age, time of life, 1
uyo qp, q : a daughter, 1
|oopo,, -o , -ov: clean, pure, 1
|oiioioo,, o : ornamentation, adornment 1
|oo-ioo: to light up, 1
|oo-vot o: to observe, note, 1
|tioi: to lie down, 2
|pivo: to judge, scrutinize, 2
itiov, -ovo,, o: meadow, 1
itiovotiq,, -t,: meadow-like, 1
too,, - q, -ov: middle, in the middle of, 3
oi|qqpiov, o : dwelling, house, 1
ooio,, -q, -ov: smooth, level, 1
Htio, ou,, q: Persuasion, 1
poooov, o : face, 1
oqtiov, o: sign, mark, 2
ooiq , q : a robe, stole, 2
t: and, both, 11
tpoyovo,, -ov: square, four-angled, 2
pio: to wear away, rub, 1
o,, oo,, o: light, 1

311 o, toi: that it is; i.e. the road, another
example of prolepsis (anticipation)
ovo, |o|ou: from every evil; gen. of
separation with |oopo
314 vq Li o: by Zeus
317 oi oiio: with much light; dat. of
means or cause
324 tuoiovov oi|q piov: dwelling of the
happy ones
326 o, |oiov: how fine you say
opo: beside, near
329 |otoq|uio o po ooov: having put
on a mask; fem. sg. pf. pple |o-ioqi
330 toq |t|pitvq qii|io : at a middle
and already judicious age; pf. |pivo
332 toq|t: stands; has stood still
pf. ioqi
333 oooio, |titvou: securely set
334 tioi: are
335 ouo, t_tiv: to be thus; t_o + adv.
often translates as to be (disposed)
336 ouovq tvq t: of theseonethe
other; partitive gen.
338 i : why
333 oqtiov: (it is) an indication

26
Cebes Tablet 27
ovo -iqi,, -to,, q: recovery, taking up, 1
o-oto: to push away, refuse, 1
o -oio, q: fearlessness, 1
q-ou: perhaps, I suppose, of course, 3
opov, o: a gift, 1
ti : if, whether 19
tio-oyo: to lead in, to introduce, bring in, 1
t|-oiio: to throw out, 3
t|-|ooipo: to cleanse out, purify, 1
t-oiiui: to destroy utterly, 1
tioqq, q: knowledge, 6
ti-oo: to order, enjoin, command, 1
tu -ioyo,: reasonably, rightly, 1
o poo,, o : daring, boldness, confidence, 2
tpotu o: to attend to, care for, serve, 2
iopo,, o : physician, doctor, 3
|oopi|o,, -q , -ov: cleansing, purifying, 3
|ovo: to be sick or weary, 2
q-ti,, q-tio, q-tv: no one, nothing, 6
vooo-oito: to cause sickness, 1
vo oo,, o: sickness, illness, disease, 1
oo,: how, in what way; in order that, that, 3
tio, ou,, q : persuasion, 1
ivo: to drink, 8
oio: to give drink, 3
poo,, o: a manner, way; turn, direction, 2
uyitio, q : health, 1
iio-io,: ambitiously, extremely, 1
o: O! oh!, 12

340 oi, oi|voutvoi,: for the ones
arriving; dat. of interest
ov iotvovq ooi,: among the
things given the giving (is); supply toi
341 oi, ioovouoi: for those receiving;
dat. of interest
345 ouovotiv: of suffering; articular
aor. inf. of oo_o, the ov modifies the
infinitive and expresses potential
347 o, |oio: how fine (are); in exclamation
348 ivo, tvt|tv: for what reason
toq|tv: stands; has stood still pf.
ioqi
350 oo,tpotu q : so thatshe may
attend to; oo, + 3
rd
sg. subjunctive
expressing purpose, in response to tvt|tv
351 ti : tio
352 |oopooiv: are cleansed; 3
rd
pl. aor.
pass. subj. in general temporal clause
355 ouvq oti,: you will understand; fut.
o, ov, ti i,vooooiouvo: that, if
someone happened to be ill, coming to a
doctor, I suppose, with cleansing (drugs)
he would cast out the things causing
illness; present contrary-to-fact condition
(impf, ov + impf), the ov is duplicated
358 ov|otoqotv: would have set him;
ov + aor. in the same condition as above
ttito, ov toito: he did not obey,
he would be utterly destroyed; cf. l. 355
oooti,: from every evil; gen ooto
363 ovpoov: in the same way; respect
365 oo,: so that it purifies; purpose clause
368 tto|ti: had drunk; plpf. ivo
28
Cebes Tablet
29
oioovtio, q : false pretension, boastfulness, 2
o vo-iiqi: to fill up, fill full, 1
ovpti o, q: courage, bravery, manliness, 1
o -iooo,, -ov: not molded, unfashioned, 1
o -iou,, q, -ouv: simple, 2
oo-ot iio: to send away, 1
o -putpo,, -ov: inexpensive, 1
i|oioouvq, q: justice, righteousness, 1
ty-|potio, q : self-control, 2
tyo-yt: I, I for my part, 3
titutpio, q: freedom, 1
tii,, -io,, q: hope, expectation, 2
tvov: within, at home, 3
ti,, q: a habit, 2
too: inside, 2
tu -tiq,, -t,: good-looking, attractive, 2
tu -o|o,, -ov: well arranged, well ordered, 2
tuoio, q : good order, discipline, 1
uo ,, o : soul, spirit; seat of passion, 1
|oiiioo,, -q, -ov: most beautiful, noble, 1
|oiioio: to adorn, beautify, 1
|oio|oyoio, q : goodness and nobleness, 1
|o-otp: just as, as, 4
oiioo: most of all; certainly, especially, 1
qqp, q : a mother, 1
ouoo,: in no way, not at all, 3
opo-ioovo: to receive, take aside, 2
tpi-oito: to make, keep save, preserve, 1
pooq,, q: mildness, gentleness, 1
ooiq , q : a robe, stole, 2
oopoou vq, q : temperance, moderation, 1
t: and, both, 11
oiyopouv: accordingly, therefore, 1
o: O! oh!, 12
ii-opyupio, q: avarice, love of silver, 4
_opo,, -ou, o: chorus, 1

371 ov ovtiqoq: with which one was
infected; of which one was filled up 3
rd

sg. aor. pass. + partitive gen.
373 |oopq : is cleansed; aor. pass. subj. of
|ooipo in a general temporal clause
377 oio, ouo,: what sort these?
379 o,o|ouoiv: that they seem; governed
by opo,
380 o,tioi: that they are; with opo, above
|t|oiioiotvoi: adorned; pf. pple
382 |ootp: just as
388 |oiiiot: most noble one; vocative,
direct address
389 o, tv tyoiq tiii: in how great
hope!; in explamation
389 totv: we are; 1
st
pl. tii
390 ouvqt: you understand; 2
nd
pl. aor. subj.
ouv-iqi
tpioiqoqot: you should preserve ;
2
nd
pl. aor. jussive (volitive) subjunctive
ov o|outt: (of those) which you hear;
acc. pl. object assimilated into gen. of the
missing antecedent
392 poototv: fut. poo-t_o
o, oiioo: as much as possible
393 ooq otot 2
nd
pl. fut. pass. ooo
394 opoioooiv: 3rd pl. aor. subjunctive
opoioovo

30
Cebes Tablet
31
oyov, oyovo,, o: contest, struggle, 2
o|pooii,, q : acropolis, hilltop, citadel, 1
o -tpi-tpyo,: artlessly, simply, 1
oo-ppio: to throw away, 1
optq, q: excellence, goodness, virtue, 8
ouituo: to be a slave, be subject to (dat.) 2
ouio,, o : a slave, 1
titutpo,: freely, 1
t-oivooi: to appear, 3
ti-oto: to yearn, long for, 1
tu -ovq,, -t,: blooming; flowered, bright, 1
tu -tiq,, -t,: good-looking, attractive, 2
q : or (either...or); than, 15
qpi ov, o : a wild animal, beast, 5
po vo,, o : throne, 2
|oqoi
|o-toio: to consume, eat, 2
|oioo: to punish, 1
|poto: to rule; be strong, overcome (gen), 3
tyioo,, -q, -ov: greatest, most important, 4
vi|o o: to conquer, defeat, win, 5
po-uioiov, o: vestibule, entranceway, 1
ot ovo,, o : a crown, 2
otovo o: to crowne, wreath, honor, 7
ou: you, 5
t: and, both, 11
uqio,, q, ov: high, lofty, 4
oot: so that, that, so as to, 3

400 tpouoov: bearing; i.e. heading, pres.
pple tpo above
ti o uqiov t|tivo: onto that height
|otoq|uio: standing; having stood,
pf. pple |o-ioqi
406 |t|ooqtvq: adorned; pf. pple
totovotvq: crowned; pf. pple
407 oto vo : with crown; dat. of means
410 opoytvqoi: aor. subj. opoyiyvooi
in a general temporal clause
i : what
412 otovoi: crowns; otovoti, 3
rd
sg.
pres. -contract, Euoiovio is subject
quvoti: by her own power; dat.
means
414 vtvi|q|o o: acc. sg. pf. pple vi|oo
415 vtvi |q|tv: 3
rd
sg. pf. vi|oo
418 o |oqoit: whichwas devouring; 3
rd

sg. impf. with neuter pl. subject
toiti: made (him); oito governs a
double accusative
420 |t|poq|tv touou : ruled over himself
420 t|tivo: those; i.e. qpio above, subject
421 |ootp ouo,: just as this one (was a
slave to); supply the same verb as above
potpov: previously; comparative adv.
424 o|ouooi: aor. inf. o|ouo

32
Cebes Tablet
33
oiio,: miserably, wretchedly, 2
oioovtio, q : false pretension, boastfulness, 2
oo,, oooo, oov: every, quite all, 2
oioviov, o: divine being, divinity, 6
to: to bind, tie, 1
io-pio: to pass time, consume, spend, 5
t|ti: there, in that place, 4
t|-iuo: to loosen up, 1
tii,, -io,, q: hope, expectation, 2
tvot: here, hither, there, thither, 1
ti-iovovo: to forget, 1
tiov: said, spoke, aor. ityo, 5
tu -oiovi|o,, -q, -ov: bringing happiness, 1
tupio|o: to find, discover, devise, invent, 2
|oo-|poto: to overpower, control, 1
|tvo-oio, q : empty opinion, idle opinion, 1
|poto: to rule; be strong, overcome (gen), 3
vouoyt o: to be shipwrecked, wreck a ship, 1
vtovi o|o,, o : young man, 1
vi |q, q: victory, 1
vi |qo, oov, o : victory, 1
oupo,, o : lamentation, complaining, 2
o -tv: from where, from which, 2
opo,: rightly, correctly, 1
oo_o o outp, t_tpitvt,
oitio,, -o, -ov: hostile; subs. enemy, 1
ovqpo,, -o, -ov: wicked, bad, 1
poooyo, -oo,, o: command, 1
ot ovo,, o : a crown, 2
opoo: to trouble, upset, 2
uo-ioovo: to take up, reply, interpose, 1
o: O! oh!, 12

431 ootp potpov: just as previously; adv.
432 |oiov ovq, vi|q,: (rules over) +
gen.; supply verb |poti from above
433 tit: aor. sg. imperative ityo
i, what (is); supply linking verb
434 o: by which; dat. means
tq,ouov you said that he; acc.
subject
435 otovoti,: aor. pass. pple otovo
436 uvoti: by; dat. means
438 tv ouo: in himself; touo
439 o, |oiovityti,: how fine a prize you
speak of; in exclamation
440 otooq: was crowned; 3
rd
sg. aor.
pass. pple otovo, general temporal
441 uoioouooi: receiving; aor. pple pple
442 qit: 3
rd
sg. aor. tp_ooi
444 ooi: oouoi, 3
rd
pl. pres. oo
445 |oo|t|poqtvoi: overpowered; pf.
449 t|iuooi: to free from + gen.; aor. inf.
oi, ttvoi: to whom they are bound
450 oot ooqvoi: so as to be saved; aor.
451 io...: on account of not being able; art.
453 ttioovo: forgot; aor. tiiovovo
34
Cebes Tablet 35
o|pio,: precisely, accurately, perfectly, 1
ovo-ioovo: to take up, reply, 2
ovi-opo|ov, o: antidote, counter-drug, 2
ovpov, o : a cave, 1
oo,, oooo, oov: every, quite all, 2
o -opto: be at a loss, puzzled, bewildered, 3
o -oo itio, q: security, safety, 2
ootvo,: gladly, willingly, 1
ioo: to live, 3
q-ou: perhaps, I suppose, of course, 3
i-o_ito: to trouble, disturb, 1
tv-oioo: to doubt, 1
t-ovo: superior to, above, overtop, 1
tti-ov: whenever, 2
tioooi: to know, know how, understand, 6
t_io -q|o,, -ov: serpent-bitten, 1
Ztu,, o: Zeus, 7
q|o: to come, 3
o voo,, o : death, 1
qpi ov, o : a wild animal, beast, 5
iopo,, o : physician, doctor, 3
|o|o-oito: to treat badly or poorly, 1
|ovo: to be sick or weary, 2
|upituo: to be lord, rule over (gen.) 1
Ko|up|io,, -q, -ov: Corycian, 1
iuto: to pain, feel distress, grieve, 3
o: by + acc. (used in oaths), 1
voi o: to believe, think, deem, 3
ooi: to which place, whither, 2
o -tv: from where, from which, 2
ovo-_ou : everywhere, 3
tvio, q: poverty, need, 1
ivo: to drink, 8
ou-tpo: to gather; be useful, expedient, 5
t: and, both, 11
uo-t_ooi: to receive, 1
oto: to put to flight, terrify, frighten, 1

456 ouo: at this; acc. of respect
io i : for what reason; on account of
what? ind. question in apposition
457 o po tpov: previously; adverbial acc.
458 qti: 3
rd
sg plpf. (impf. in sense) oio
qiooo: was understanding; impf.
ov t|ti: of the matters there
460 tto|ti: had drunk; plpf. ivo
o q ovo: things (actually) not being
good; pple tii, q shows the conditional
force of the pple; acc. subject of inf. tii
462 tq: tot, 3
rd
sg. impf. oo
ovtiiqo,: having taking up; nom. sg.
pf. pple ovoioovo
464 outpo vov: of thiings advantageous
465 o, |o|o,: how poorly
470 oi ov: to wherever; + aor. subj.
475 q : lest; fearing clause, subj. oo_o
477 ou q: he will not be troubled; fut. pass.
484 io o t_tiv: on account of having
36
Cebes Tablet
37
o -oio, q: bad reputation, disgrace, 1
oiio,, -o, -ov: miserable, wretched, 1
o -ui o, q: discouragement, spiritlessness, 2
oiioooi: to blame, charge, accuse, 1
o|oiouto: to follow, 2
ovo-oivo: to go up, climb, mount, 2
ov-oio, q : pathless place, roadless place, 2
ovi-opo|ov, o: antidote, counter-drug, 2
oo-yiyvoo|o: to reject, repudiate, 2
oo-tiiioo: to shrink back, crouch away, 2
o -oto voo,, -ov: uncrowned, 2
io|tioi: to lie over, be disposed, 2
t|ti -tv: from there, from that place, 2
t|ti -ot: thither, to that place, 1
t-ooi,, q: gesture, show, 2
t-o|oiouto: follow after, pursue, 1
tuu,: right away, straight, directly, at once, 1
tu -poivo: to rejoice, 1
tu -poouvq, q: joy, 1
Ztu,, o: Zeus, 7
|o|o-oiov, -ov: unlucky, ill-fated, 2
|optpio, q : endurance, patience, 2
|o-t_o: to hold fast, hold back; possess, 3
|toiq, q : the head, 2
|vqq, q: leg, 1
iuto: to pain, feel distress, grieve, 3
oioiopo,, -ov: miserable, wretched, 1
opo_q, q : trouble, anxiety, 1

485 io o t_tiv: on account of having
tii : sg. aor. imperative ityo
ivt, tioiv: who are?; 3
rd
pl. tii
489 oi tvoi t: someothers
490 totovotvoi: crowned; pf. pass. pple
here has t- instead of duplication
491 iuq, |oi opo_q,: supply from above
tooiv oiouoiv
493 tpioi: to have rubbed; pf. pio
|ot_ovoi: are held fast; pres. pass.s
494 otooot voi: pf. pass. pple ooo
tu_q|ot, ouq,: having attained it;
pf. pple uy_ovo + partitive gen.
494 oi tv..oi t: someothers; i.e. among
uncrowned second group
496 otyvootvoi: having been rejected; pf.
pass. pple with t- instead of duplication
498 io|titvoi: being disposed; i.e. being in
a certain state
oottiiio|ot,: pf. pple. ootiiioo
ovotq|ot,: pf. pple. ovooivo
500 iovovoi ovoio : are made to wander
in the pathless region; dat. place where
510 oiiovoi: they blame; oiioovoi pres.
|o|o, ityouoi: speak badly about + acc.

38
Cebes Tablet
39
ov-oyytiio: to proclaim, report, 1
o-oyo: to lead away, 3
oo-iouo: to enjoy, have enjoyment (gen.), 2
oo-itio: to leave behind, abandon, 1
oo|qo, -oo,, o: herd of cattle, 1
ytioo: to laugh, 2
ytio: to fill up of, load with (gen) 1
qioo: to make clear, show, exhibit, 1
touou, -q,, -ou: him-, her-, it-, themselves, 3
tioo: within, 1
t|ti -tv: from there, from that place, 2
t-oipto: to take out, choose, 2
t-qytooi: to explain, lead out, 3
tuo_to: to feast, eat a feast, 1
qytooi: to lead; consider, think, believe, 3
qq: already, now, at this time, 2
qti,: we, 10
opot o: be confident or bold, take courage, 3
t i,, q : right, custom, 1
iiopo,, -o, -ov: joyous, 1
|toioio,, -o, -ov: of the head; main point, 1
tyioo,, -q, -ov: greatest, most important, 4
vou,, vto,, q: a ship, boat, 1
oo,: how, in what way; in order that, that, 3
out -o: not (even) yet, 1
opo-ioovo: to receive, take aside, 2
opo-itio: to leave out, omit, 1
t: and, both, 11
ot: at that time, then, 2
poo,, o: a manner, way; turn, direction, 2
uti,: you, 10
opiov, o: freight, cargo, 1

513 ov i ovooiiovt,: abandoning the
life at hand to them(selves); touoi,
ooi: oouoi, 3
rd
pl. pres.
514 op ouoi,: at hand to them(selves)
516 tioi ov: when one might speak; aor. opt.
ityo + ov expresses potential
ti |toioi ou: in summary
517 o tuo_tiooiooioutiv: to feast and
enjoy (oneself); articular infinitives are
acc. subject of tivoi, inf. tii, below
oo|qoov poov: in the manner of
cattle; acc. of respect
521 ytioooi: ytioouooi; fem. pl. pres. pple
523 oi : who
oyoyouooi: fem. pl. aor. pple. oyo
525 oo,oyoyooi: so that they may lead
others; purpose clause, aor. subj. oyo
ovoyytiiooiv: may report; aor. subj. in
the same purpose clause as oyoyooi
oi: that
526 ytyovooiv: 3
rd
pl. pf. yiyvooi
526 ou,: (those) whom; the missing
antecedent is subject of ytyovooiv
527 otpov: leave untranslated, introduces a
yes/no question
529 ou t i,: (it is) not right; impersonal
530 q Hoitio : to Education; indirect obj.
531 opoioq : receives; general temporal
clause, 3
rd
sg. aor. subj. opoioovo
532 oiiou, oouoi: intending to lead others;
fut. pple oyo expressing purpose
533 ttiotvoi: aor. mid. pple t-oipto
435 ytiovoi: are filled with + gen.
436 t|tivoi : that(namely) what
qiv: to us; dat. indirect object
tqio|o,: you have revealed; pf.
539 opptiv: be confident; inf. as imper.
540 tqyqoooi, opoitio: 1
st
sg. fut.
40
Cebes Tablet
41
oyovo|to: to feel irritated, annoyed, angry 1
o -qqou,, -ov: unconquered, invincible, 1
oiio, q : cause, reason; blame, 1
o-oito: to ask back, demand back, 1
opyupiov, o : silver, 1
opi: just, exactly, 1
ti|q : rashly, without plan or purpose, 3
toivto: to praise, extol, 1
ouo o: to wonder, marvel, be astonished 2
t o, -oo,, o: deposit, 1
iio,, -o, -ov: peculiar, ones own, private, 3
|oio: to bring, carry (to), 1
|oiuo: to hinder, check, prevent, 5
ioyioo,, o : calculation, reckoning, 1
qt: and not, but not, nor, 4
q -t: and not, 4
vqovtuo: to remember, recall, 2
voi o: to believe, think, deem, 3
ooio,, -o, -ov: like, similar to (+ dat), 4
oiio-iooio,, -ov: manifold, many times, 1
o_to,: quickly, speedily, 1
iqi: to set forth, deposit, place, 1
potiq,, o : banker, money-changer, 1
uio,, q, ov: the blind, 3
uti,: you, 10
uoi,, -to,, q: nature, character, 2
t yo: to blame, accuse, 1

543 E|tivo,: nom. sg. aor. pple. t|tivo
545 toovoi: to stand; pf. inf. ioqi
548 ouqqytiooi: (to\ Daimo/nion)
orders (those entering) not to trust this
one (Tu/xh) and to consider that whatever
one receives from her (Tu/xh ) is not at
all stable nor steadfast nor to believe
her (Tu/xh ) as owns own; subj. and obj.
of |tituti are likely the same as in 537
551 |oiuti otitooi: prevents (Tu/xh )
from taking and; aor. inf. mid.
o-oipto and aor. act. inf. ioi
552 tiot: subj. is 1u_q, pf. but pres. sense
553 |tituti po,oqqou, yiyvtooi:
(to\ Daimo/nion) orders (those entering)
to become invincible against; + acc.
555 io, otiqoi: (Tu/xh ) gives..takes
away; general temporal clause, pres. and
aor. subj. respectively ioi, ooipto
557 oiti: (Tu/xh ) does nothingbut all
|oi o, tu_t: even when it attains it
558 tito: I said; aor. ityo
563 iiovtivoi: that (the silver) is their own
564 tovt voi: they have suffered; oo_o
565 ti ou o t o: on this conditionon
which nothing keeps the one depositing
from bringing (the deposit) back
567 t_tiv..po,: to hold out also against
42
Cebes Tablet
43
oiqq,, -t,: true, 4
o -toiqo,, -ov: unchangeable, 1
o-oiioo: to escape, 1
o-tp_ooi: to go away, leave, 3
o -ooiq,, -t,: not liable to fall, safe, secure 6
youv: yt ouv, at least, at any rate, any way
io-oo o: to bring or arrive safely through, 1
ti : if, whether 19
tv-iopio: to spend time, 2
tv-tutv: thence, from there, 2
t-oiov, o : provisions (for travel), 1
qti,: we, 10
qt: and not, but not, nor, 4
ooi,, qi,, o i: who-, which-, whatever, 1
op-o|ouo: to fail to heed, hear in vain, 2
ivo, ivo|o,, o: board, tablet, 2
poo-uvovooi: to learn in addition, 1
po-uop_o: to possess beforehand, 1
ouv-oo,: shortly, quickly, 4
uti,: you, 10
tuyo: to flee, escape; defend in court, 1
ovo,, o: envy, begruding, grudge, 2
poo: to point out, tell, indicate, 1
_povo,, o : time, 3
o: O! oh!, 12

571 otitooi o to|tv: (so as) to take
back again what (Tu/xh ) has given;
continuing the result clause from l. 569
ou ovovoiio |oi: not onlybut also
572 o |titutiouq,ooiv: to\
Daimo/nion orders them to receive from
her (the things) which she gives and
abruptly to leave heading toward a stable
and steadfast gift
576 qv iqovoi: (the gift) which they will
receive; relative pronoun, fut. ioovo
qv: if; tov
ioooooiv: they are brought safely; 3
rd

pl aor. pass. subjunctive in a future less
vivid condition
579 ov outpovov: of ones advantages
|tituti: to\ Daimo/nion orders (them)
582 tiooi: they come; aor. subj. tp_ooi in
a general temporal clause
585 ouoi,: these; dat. obj. of iotutiv
587 tviopioi: aor. inf. tviopio
588 iotiv: to receive; aor. inf. ioovo
o i ov: whatever; subj. ouiooi
589 oitvoi: inf. o-tp_ooi
590 o : (the things) which; missing
antecedent is the predicate of toiv
591 op ouo : contrary to them i.e. orders
592 ooiiuoi: is ruined; pres. passive
595 ou ti, ovo,: no big deal; resentment
596 pooo: fut. poo
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Cebes Tablet
45
o -i|o,, -ov: unjust, 1
o -|poq,, -t,: weak, without strength, 1
o|piq,, -t,: precise, accurate, perfect, 1
ovoy|q, q : necessity, force, constraint, 4
ovtu: without (+ gen.), 2
opo: then, therefore, it seems, it turns out, 5
o -pov, -ov: senseless, mindless, 2
o -_pqoo,, -ov: useless, without benefit, 2
tiiov, -ov: better, 7
ypoo, -oo,, o: letter; pl. literature, 2
ti : if, whether 19
tti-ov: whenever, 2
tpqvtu,, -to,, o : an interpreter, 1
tu -_pqoo,, -ov: useful, profitable, 1
q|o: to come, 3
qti,: we, 10
ivo: in order that (+ subj.); where (+ ind.), 1
|o-t_o: to hold fast, hold back; possess, 3
oqoi|o,, o : scholar, learner, 2
tuoo,, -ov: drunken, 1
tiio: to be about to, to intend to, 4
tvoi: however, nevertheless; certainly, 2
vt o,, -o, -ov: young; new, novel, strange, 1
ooio,: similarly, 2
oo,: nevertheless, however, yet, 2
oio: to know, 7
tpo,, -oo,, o: end; adv. at last
tpi-oo o: to draw (around), pull, 1
Hioov, -ovo,, o: Plato, 1
po-oq,, -ou, o: traitor, betrayer, 1
po-t_o: to surpass, excel, hold forth, 4
ou-oiio: to contribute, comprehend, 3
ii-opyupo,, -q, -ov: greedy, avarious, 1
ovq, q: dialect, sound, tone, voice, speech, 1
_oiivo,, o : bridle, bit (for a horse), 1
_pqoio, -ov: useful, 1
ooovti: as if, 1

600 ouo o : these things which; acc. in
response to the previous question
602 ypooo: literature; letters in
response to questionin 601
|oi...oqo ov: and among the other
(types) of knowledge; partitive gen.
603 o : those which; parallel to ypooo
604 oi, vtoi,: for the young; dat. interest
ivo..tpoovoi: so that they may not
be drawn; purpose clause, pres. subj.
605 ovoy|q: (is it) necessary; supply verb
606 qtiv: to come; fut. governed by tiiti
607 ovoy|q: (there is)necessity; add verb
608 po,ytvtooi: for becoming better;
po, + acc. expressing a goal, here an
aor. articular inf.; tiio(v)t, is a
predicate acc.
609 ouo iitoi: contributes; ouo is subj.
610 outv_pqoio: not at all useful; acc. of
extent of degree modifying _pqoio
611 po,ytvtooi ovpo,: see l. 608
612 toi yop |oi ovtu ouov: for it is
possible even without these
613 |ovtivo: even those things; |oi t|tivo
613 o,ouo iiotv o ityo tvo : when
we comprehend (words) being said
615 qv: it was; impf. tii
qo,..ouou,: acc. subject
616 titvoi: know the language; inf. oio
o|pitotpov: comparative adverb
ov ouvq|otv: we would understand; aor.
ouviqi + ov expresses past potential
619 pot_ouoiv: surpass; see line 608
620 ov ovpoov: than...; gen. comparison
623 qoqtvoi: deceived; pf. pass. oooo
627 o t po,: in the end; adverbial acc.
46
Cebes Tablet
47
oiiov, o : cause, reason, 1
o -|ivqo,, -ov: unmoved, 2
otiti: of course, by all means, doubtless, 2
ovqp, ovpo ,, o: a man, 5
tutpo,, -o, -ov: second, 2
io-|tioi: to be disposed, 2
uo-oq,, -t,: slow at learning, 1
tyyio: to approach, 1
ti : if, whether 19
tiov: saw, beheld; aor. of opoo, 6
oqoi|o,, o : scholar, learner, 2
to-titio, q : change of purpose, 1
oio: to know, 7
ooio,: similarly, 2
opoo: to set in motion; set out, begin, 2
ot: when, at some time, 1
op-oiioo: to pass by, change, 1
tio: persuade, win over, trust; mid. obey, 3
po-t_o: to surpass, excel, hold forth, 4
poo-oito: to lay claim (falsely), pretend, 2
ouv-tii: to be together, associate, 1
pio,, -q, -ov: the third, 1
uti,: you, 10
o: O! oh!, 12
otito: be beneficial, helpful, 1

629 otiti: by all means, of course; this adv.,
is originally the imperative of otito:
dont trouble yourself
toiv: it is possible
itiv: aor. inf. opoo
630 pot_ouoiv: excel, surpass
ti,ytvtooi: to becoming; aor. articular
inf. expressing a purpose or goal
tiiou,: better; tiio(v)t,, predicate
631 oqoov: types or kinds of knowledge
634 o oiiov, oi: the reason that
637 i : why; ouo is nom. subj.
638 toiv itiv: it is possible to see; see 629
642 opo q uoototpoi tioi: as it seems,
they are either more inflexible or slower
at learning (than others); the conclusion
is a sarcastic demonstration of the way
that the oqoi|oi surpass others
645 oi tvoi : someothers
646 oiooiv: know; 3
rd
pl. oio
647 ti qtv oiio: if (they pretend to know)
nothing else; supply verb
648 to, ov t_ooi: as long as they have;
general temporal clause with pres. subj.s
650 po, o opov: for setting out; articular
inf. a-contract verb
653 outv: in no way; acc. of respect
t|tivov: than those; gen. comparison
654 ouvq: associate; 3
rd
sg. subj. ouv-tii
656 ov ootitv: would be saved; potential opt
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Cebes Tablet
49
o -uvoo,, -ov: unable, impossible, 1
oti : always, forever, in every case, 1
oipto,, -q, -ov: choiceworthy, desirable, 2
oo-|pivooi: to reply, respond, 1
o -iovo,: incredibly, unbelievably, 1
o -ioo,, -ov: untrustworthy; unbelievable, 1
iotpo,, -o, -ov: harmful, 2
io-itio: to leave (an interval), wait, 1
ti : if, whether 19
titp: if really, if that is to say, 3
t|ti -ot: thither, to that place, 1
tvovio,, -o, -ov: opposite, contrary, 2
tv-iopio: to spend time with, 2
t-qytooi: to explain, lead out, 3
ti,, q: a habit, 2
ti-o|ot o: to watch over, 1
tpooo: to ask, inquire, question, 1
tu -o|to: to be of good repute, be famous, 1
qti,: we, 10
otio,, -q, -ov: benefit, use, 1
opo -oo,, -ov: unexpected, incredible, 1
op-tpyo,, -ov: secondary, subordinate, 1
tipoo: to try, attempt, endeavor, 1
iouto: to be rich, wealthy, 3
poyo, o: deed, act; matter, affair, trouble1
uyioivo: to be healthy, sound, 3
uti,: you, 10
tu|o,, -q, -ov: avoidable, to be avoided, 1
otiio,, -ov: beneficial, helpful, 1

658 tviopitt: continue in the things said;
spend time in the things said
659 ioqt: you take up; i.e. adopt, 2
nd
pl.
aor. subjunctive, general temporal clause
660 o t oiio optpyo qyqooooi: to
consider other things (to be) secondary
662 tooi: 3
rd
sg. fut. tii
663 oiqootv: 1
st
pl. fut. oito
ouoo,: this(namely) how
tqyqooi: aor. imperative tqytooi
665 oiov: for example; in respect to such,
acc. of respect
667 opoiqoio: (are) similar; supply verb
669 o ityo tvov: what was said; the thing
being said
670 Ayt: come (now); sg. imperative that
introduces an imperative
tipo: attempt to; tipo(o)o, pres. mid.
imperative tipoo
o oivo tvov: how things appear; the
thing appearing, oivooi
673 q: 3
rd
sg. pres. oo
674 t|tivo : for that one; dat. of interest
675 o qv: (is) living; articular inf. is subject,
supply a linking verb
677 ouo : to this one; dat. interest
toi: (living) is; supply o qv as above
678 oi,ooi: to those living; dat pple oo
679 oi, t |oio,: supply ooi, see 678
oyoov: parallel with |o|ov above
683 q...it yt: negative imperative
ouvoov: (it is) impossible; supply verb
684 o ouo: the same
686 ov tiq: it would be; potential opt. tii
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Cebes Tablet
51
oipto,, -q, -ov: choiceworthy, desirable, 2
oiqq,, -t,: true, 4
otiti: of course, by all means, doubtless, 2
ootpo,, -o, -ov: each of two, both, 1
ovptio,: courageously, bravely, 1
o -i ovo ,, -ov: unpersuasive, not plausible, 1
oo-vq o|o: to die off, perish, 6
o -ppooto: to be weak, not strong, 1
ti : if, whether 19
tvovio,, -o, -ov: opposite, contrary, 2
tti: when, after, since, because, 3
|oio: to burn, 1
voot o: to be sick, ill, 1
vootpo ,, -o, -ov: diseased, sickness-causing, 1
ootp, qtp, otp: the very one who, which 1
tpi-oooi,, -to,, q: situation, 1
ou: you, 5
ou-oivo: to happen, occur, 2
tvo: to cut, hew, ravage, 2
uyioivo: to be healthy, sound, 3
uyitivo,, q, ov: healing; healthy, 1
u-op_o: to belong, be or be available, 10

686 oiovov: (it is) unpersuasive
686 oiio o,toiv: how, if living badly,
to whomever it belongs, is something bad
to him is living itself not bad?
o |o|o, qv: living badily; articular inf.
687 o ov uop_q : to whomever it belongs
u op_ti: is; subj. is o |o|o, qv
690 o ouo: the same; governs the dat. sg.
articular infinitive
692 otiti: of course;. cf. l. 629
o ouo: the same
693 o t qv: living (is)
694 qvovuqp_tv: werewould be;
impf. + ov + impf. is a present contrary-
to-fact condition
ooi: to those living; dat. pl.
700 ov tiq: would be; potential opt. tii
701 o t vtiv |oi |oi tiv: to amputate and
cauterize; to cut and burn, the articular
infinitives describe the treatment of
injuries and illnesses
oppoouoiv: among those being weak;
dat. pl. pres. pple
703 ou|ouv: according, then; inferential
ti ouv qv: in the case of living
ouo o qv: living itself; intensive
705 toi ouo: these things are (so)
706 to pqoov: aor. imperative topto
ov ouioio: would you want; ouioi(o)o
2
nd
sg. pres. potentail opt.
710 oiptotpov: comparative oipto,
ou qv: than dying; gen. comparison
712 o ouo, ioyo,: the same argument
713 out pti: is advantageous
714 ouvoviov: the opposite; o tvoviov
q : is; 3
rd
sg. pres. subj. tii in a general
temporal clause
715 oiqq : the truth; oiqto, true things

52
Cebes Tablet
53
oiqq,, -t,: true, 4
o -ioo: to dishonor, esteem lightly, slight 1
ioo: to live, 3
ioo: to hurt, harm, injure, 1
oqto: to come to aid, to assist, aid, 2
ti : if, whether 19
ti -yt: if indeed, 1
ti|o,, -oo,, o : likely, probable, reasonable2
t-tipo,: skilfully, 1
tvioi, -oi, -o: some, 1
tu: well, 1
tu -oiovto: to be happy, fortunate, 1
|pivo: to judge, scrutinize, 2
iouto: to be rich, wealthy, 3
o|t ooi: to examine, consider, 1
oouoio,, -q, -ov: earnest, serious, 2
ou voio,, -q, -ov: all together, whole, 1
opoo: to trouble, upset, 2
ioo: to honour, value, esteem, 2
uo-tvo: to abide, hold up, endure, 2
ouio,, -q, -ov: slight, trivial, insignificant, 1
_poooi: to use (+ dat.), 2

716 oyt q: come now; imperative oyo
introducing an imperative
o|to to: let us consider; hortatory
subj.
717 tiyt: if indeed
toiv: it is possible
718 o,toiv: asit is possible
uop_ovo ivi iouov|oi oiio,:
wealth belonging to someone, but this
one living badly and miserably
outv: not at all; inner acc.
721 ouoi,oqti: helps these
ti, o qv: for living; purpose
723 tioiv: 3
rd
pl. pres. tii
o oouoi ou, ti voi: being serious;
articular inf. tii, object of oiti
oiti: does create
726 ti|o, yt: yes, (it is) reasonable
727 oi, t_ouoiv: those having; dat. pple
object of oqti
728 ti,: for; expressing purpose
tiiou,: tiio(v)t,, pred. noun
730 out ptitvioi,: is advantageous for
some; dat. of interest
733 o,: in what way
ouoo : this...which
o v|pivtitv: one would judge that;
potential opt.
734 outpti uop_tiv: it is advantageous to
be
739 oiqtooo : superlative adverb
740 o ou voiov: on the whole; adverbial acc.
toi o iov: it is possible to honor
741 o,: on the grounds of being; causal
742 opoov: the thing troubling; neut. pple
54
Cebes Tablet
55
o -i|to: to be unjust, do wrong, injure, 1
o -povto: to be foolish, senseless, 2
o -yvoto: to be ignorant of, 1
ovpo-ovto: to murder, kill a man, 1
oo-otpt o: to deprive from, rob, defraud, 2
o -otq ,, -t,: impious, 1
i|oio-poyto: to do right, 1
ti : if, whether 19
ti|o,, -oo,, o: likely, probably, reasonable2
povto: to think, to be wise, prudent, 2
i|ovo,: sufficiently, adequately, 1
|oooi: to procure, get, gain, acquire, 2
iqio: to plunder, steal, 2
o_qpo,, -q, -ov: miserable, wretched, 1
op-oitooi: ask not to, decline, 1
po-ioi: to give up, betray, 2
ou|o-ovto: to slander, accuse falsely, 1
ou-oivo: to happen, occur, 2

745 oottooo: superlative adjective
746 opoiouvoi: are declined
ouo: object of oo_ouoi
748 iouov: wealth; acc. direct obj. of the
aor. pple |qootvou,
749 toi: it is possible
itiv: inf. opoo
750 oiov: for example; in respect to such,
acc. of respect
ityo: I mean
755 ti|o,: (it is) reasonable
756 ovoy|q: (it is) necessary
ov iouov: wealth; acc. subject of inf.
of tii, tivoi
758 povtivi|oiopoytiv: understanding
and right-doing; articular inf. are acc.
objects of aor. mid. inf. |qooooi
761 uop_tiv: to possess (them)
oo o ouo: at the same times
762 ooo: as many as (are)
763 outv: nothing; subject of |oiuti
uop_tiv ivi: (for) anyone to possess
(them)
764 ov tiq: would be; potential opt. tii
765 o povtiv ovov oyoov: understanding
(is) only good, and lack of understanding
is (only) bad

56
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