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  • Compressor General Description

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    This chapter provides an overview of the primary categories of natural gas compressor services. Specific topics include power requirement, isentropic exponent, compressibility factor. Flash Gas Compressors are used in oil handling facilities to compress gas "flashed" from a hydrocarbon liquid. Reinjection Compressors are employed to increase or maintain oil production.

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    This chapter provides an overview of the primary categories of natural gas compressor services. Specific topics include power requirement, isentropic exponent, compressibility factor. Flash Gas Compressors are used in oil handling facilities to compress gas "flashed" from a hydrocarbon liquid. Reinjection Compressors are employed to increase or maintain oil production.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
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    51 vues2 pages

    Compressor General Description

    Transféré par

    dndudc
    This chapter provides an overview of the primary categories of natural gas compressor services. Specific topics include power requirement, isentropic exponent, compressibility factor. Flash Gas Compressors are used in oil handling facilities to compress gas "flashed" from a hydrocarbon liquid. Reinjection Compressors are employed to increase or maintain oil production.

    Droits d'auteur :

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 2

    CompressorGeneralDescription

    Thischapterprovidesanoverviewoftheprimarycategoriesofnaturalgascompressorservices andadescriptionofthedifferentclassificationsandtypesofcompressorsavailabletothe industry.Adiabaticandpolytropiccompressiontheoryarediscussedwithsupportingdefinition ofterminology.Specifictopicsrelatingtocompressiontheoryincludepowerrequirement, isentropicexponent,compressibilityfactor,intercooling,adiabaticandpolytropicefficiency, actualandstandardvolumeflowrates,massflowrates,inletanddischargepressures,inletand dischargetemperatures,andadiabaticandpolytropichead.Majorcomponentsand constructionfeaturesofcentrifugalandreciprocatingcompressorsareemphasized.Installation, safety,andmaintenanceconsiderationsalsoarediscussed. Forcentrifugalcompressors,theperformancecharacteristiccurveispresentedwithemphasis onprocesscontrolofcapacitybyspeedvariation,suctionthrottling,orvariableinletguide vanes.Processcontroltoavoidoperationinadamagingsurgeconditionisalsoaddressed. Thediscussiononreciprocatingcompressorsincludesadescriptionofprocessconfigurationfor multistageunits,aswellasanexplanationoftheconceptsofspeedcontrol,inletthrottling, recycling,pressurerelief,blowdown,anddistancepieceventinganddraining.

    Overview
    Compressorsusedintheoilandgasindustryaredividedintosixgroupsaccordingtotheir intendedservice.Theseareflashgascompressors,gasliftcompressors,reinjection compressors,boostercompressors,vaporrecoverycompressors,andcasingheadcompressors. FlashGasCompressors.Flashgascompressorsareusedinoilhandlingfacilitiestocompress gasthatis"flashed"fromahydrocarbonliquidwhentheliquidflowsfromahigherpressureto alowerpressureseparator.Flashgascompressorstypicallyhandlelowflowratesandproduce highcompressionratios. GasLiftCompressors.Gasliftcompressorsarefrequentlyusedinoilhandlingfacilitieswhere compressionofformationgasesandgasliftgasisrequired.Gasliftcompressordutyis frequentlyoflowtomediumthroughputwithhighcompressionratios.Manygaslift compressorsareinstalledonoffshorefacilities.

    ReinjectionCompressors.Thereinjectionofnaturalgasisemployedtoincreaseortomaintain oilproduction.Reinjectioncompressorscanberequiredtodelivergasatdischargepressuresin excessof10,000psi.Reinjectioncompressorsalsoareusedforundergroundstorageofnatural gas.Compressors,appliedtotheseservices,havelargecompressionratios,highpower requirements,andlowvolumeflowrates. BoosterCompressors.Gastransmissionthroughpipelinesresultsinpressuredropbecauseof frictionlosses.Boostercompressorsareusedtorestorethepressuredropfromtheselosses. Selectionofthesecompressorsinvolvesevaluatingtheeconomictradeoffofdistancebetween pipelineboostingstationsandlifecyclecostofeachcompressorstation.Boostercompressors alsoareusedinfieldsthatareexperiencingpressuredecline.Mostcentrifugalpipelinebooster compressorsaregasturbinedriven,althoughtheuseofvariablespeedmotordrivesis becomingmoreprevalent.Lowspeedintegralgasenginereciprocatingcompressorsalsoare usedforgastransmissionapplications.Boostercompressorstypicallyaredesignedforhigh throughputratesandlowcompressionratio.Manyboosterapplicationscanbeconfiguredina singlestagecentrifugalcompressor. VaporRecoveryCompressors.Vaporrecoverycompressorsareusedtogathergasfromtanks andotherlowpressureequipmentinthefacility.Oftenthegasfromavaporrecovery compressorisroutedtoaflashgas,gaslift,orboostercompressorforfurthercompression. Lowsuctionpressures,highcompressionratios,andlowgasthroughputratescharacterize thesecompressors. CasingheadCompressors.Casingheadcompressorsareusuallyusedwithelectricsubmersible pumpsandrodpumpswhereformationgasisrequiredtobeseparateddownholeandthen transportedthroughtheannulus.Oftenthecompressordischargeisroutedtoeitherabooster orflashgascompressorortoalowpressuregatheringsystem.Likevaporrecovery compressors,casingheadcompressorsoperatewithlowsuctionpressures,highcompression ratios,andlowgasthroughputrates.

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