DOMESTIC DOG(CANIS LUPUS FAMILIARIS) DISEASE BY THE INFLAMMATION OF BLOOD VESSELS Damar Alam Purwastoko Scientific Name : Vasculitis

Family : Dermatology Educational Studies Veterinarian Program, Veterinary Program, University of Brawijaya 65145 email: cryptidmaster.dame@gmail.com

ABSTRACT In 2011, A domestic dog was presented with an acute purpura. After ruling out bleeding disorders a biopsy was taken and indicated vasculitis. Vasculitis is an uncommon immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the blood vessels. Aberrant immune response leads to inflammation and necrosis of blood vessels. Some cases was caused by rabies vaccination, beef hypersensitivity, drug reaction (e.g. meloxicam), metabolic disease, systemic lupus erythematosus. This disease tends to be idiopathic.

Keywords : Canis lupus familiaris, Vasculitis, Necrosis, Purpura, Lupus Erythematosus.

Exordium Vasculitis is an inflammatory of vasculitis because of its underlying factors. The purplish red skin on the paws, tail, ears, mouth, tongue, or on the belly area is a common characteristic in the previous cases. This disease could be a manifested as a sign of the other disease such as lymphoma, leptospirosis, and ehrlichiosis. . Blood vessels affected by vasculitis become inflamed, which can cause the layers of the blood vessel wall to thicken. This narrows the blood vessels, reducing the amount of blood and therefore oxygen and vital nutrients that Its not clear about the main cause 1 reaches your body's tissues. In some cases, a

disease of blood vessels. Based on the previous cases, Vasculitis is caused some underlying factors. Vasculitis might caused by bacterial and viral infection. Some dogs may develop the disorder due to an immune-mediated disease, where the

immune system over reacts and attacks its own body system. Vasculitis might be manifested by drugs, abnormal tissue growth, food allergy, kidney disorder, and joint disease.
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blood clot may form in an affected blood vessel, obstructing blood flow. Sometimes instead of becoming narrower, a blood vessel may weaken and form a bulge (aneurysm), a potentially life-threatening condition.
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SIGNS Clinical features of vasculitis are variable and depend on the vessels involved. It can present as: purpura, haemorrhagic bullae, necrosis and punched-out ulcers. often affects the extremities such as the ear tips, tail, lips, paws and oral mucosa, and can be painful. The systemic signs usually reflect the organ involved (hepatopathy, arthropathy,

Vasculitis is uncommon on dogs and rare on cat. All ages, breeds, or gender have a possibility to manifest it, but in some case that are a well-known like Jack Russel Terrier and while applying vaccine on a small variety like poodle.

myopathy.). There may also be vague systemic GENERAL EXPLANATION Canis lupus familiaris Canis lupus familiaris, or domestic dog is a subspecies of grey wolf(Canis lupus), a part of canidae family of mammalian order Carnivore. The word Domestic dog is used for the domestic type and the feral type. Dog is the first domesticated animal and the most used for working, hunting, and pet animal of human history. The word Dog can refers to the male of canine species. 3 Like the most predator mammals, dog has strong muscle, a cardiovascular system which supports while running and fitness.,, and teeth for catching, holding, and tearing. Dog has nails, not claws. Cat has claws.4 The covering hair is divided into two kinds: double is common for dogs (and wolves) in cold climate, and consist of covering top layer and soft bottom layer, or single with only the main coat. There are some kind of dog tails : straight, perking up, sickle, curve, or spin. Dogs lifespan varies and depends on the breeds, but the average lifespan in a population, half dead and half keeps on living is about 10 to 13 years. 4 2 Because this is a disorder of the internal organs, internal visual diagnostics will need to be used to judge the severity of the disorder and to determine a course of action. X-rays will be conducted to diagnose whether heartworm disease is the culprit, and your veterinarian may also take samples of skin tissue in order to diagnose inflammation of blood DIAGNOSIS signs of illness: lethargy, lymphadenopathy, vague pain, pyrexia and weight loss. Signs immmune-mediated thrombocytopaenia Breed-related associated disease and with include:

polyarthropathy. include: familial

vasculitis

cutaneous vasculopathy of German Shepherd Dogs, neutrophilic leukoclastic vasculitis of Jack Russell Terriers, ear margin vasculitis/seborrhea in Dachshunds.5 Another animal which manifests

vasculitis could show a different symptoms such as hairfall on certain area, lethargy, losing appetite, fever, muscle bruises, joints

inflammation, and swelling on certain area.

vessels, and what is present in the tissue to be causing the inflammatory response. If food or drug allergy is suspected, the first Purpura is the appearance of red or purple discolorations on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure. They are caused by bleeding underneath the skin usually secondary to vasculitis or dietary deficiency of vitamin C.8

recommendation is usually to discontinue the use of the suspected food or drug and to judge the response. If this is the case, your veterinarian will advise on the appropriate diet to change to for your dog while determining the cause. It is not advisable to make dramatic diet changes without the guidance of a health professional.1 TREATMENT Treatment for vasculitis includes

LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS Lupus Erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease (or autoimmune

connective tissue disease) that can affect any part of the body. the immune system attacks the body's cells and tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage.9

identification and curing the main cause if possible, and using medicines for suppress the blood vessels inflammation. The effective medicine includes steroids, pentoxifylline, a mixture dapsone, of tetracycline sulfasalazine, and niacinamide, or

REFERENCES 1. Pet MD. 2013 . Inflammation of Body Blood Vessels in Dogs. petMD, LLC. http://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/imm une/c_dg_vasculitis_systemic#.Uh3-01k41 G4. Accessed on 28 August 2013. On 20.45. 2. Mayo Clinic staff. 2011. Vasculitis. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.http://www.mayoclinic.com/health /vasculitis/DS00513/DSECTION=causes. Accessed on 28 August 2013. On 20.44.

cyclosporin,

azathioprine. In some curing cases the treatment should be stopped but on some animals the treatment will take a lifetime. Treatment is usually successful with topical tacrolimus, although scarring is permanent.6 Because of the tons of factors which manifests vasculitis, the preventieon is hard to be done. But in the rabies vaccine case, the vaccination should be stopped if possible.

NECROSIS Necrosis is a form of cell injury that results in the premature death of cells in living tissue. Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, toxins, or trauma7

3. Wikipedia. 2013. Dogs. Wikimedia Foundation ,Inc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog. Accessed on 29 August 2013. On 04.39. 4. Wikipedia. 2013. Dogs Anatomy. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_anatomy. Accessed on 29 August 2013. On 04.30.

PURPURA 3

5. WikiVet. 2012. Vasculitis. MediaWiki.

http://en.wikivet.net/Vasculitis. Accessed on 28 August 2013. On 19.58. 6. Vetbook. 2013. Cutaneous vasculitis. MediaWiki. . http://www.vetbook.org/wiki/dog/index.php /Cutaneous_vasculitis. Accessed on 28 August 2013. On 20.30. 7. Wikipedia. 2013. Necrosis. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrosis . Accessed on 1 September 2013. On 15.00. 8. Wikipedia. 2013. Purpura. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpura . Accessed on 1 September 2013. On 14.58. 9. Wikipedia. 2013. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Lupus_erythematosus . Accessed on 1 September 2013. On 15.03.