PROGRAM 1 : TO CONVERT RGB IMAGE TO GRAY.

rgb2gray : Convert RGB image or colormap to grayscale Syntax I = rgb2gray(RGB) newmap = rgb2gray(map) Description I = rgb2gray(RGB) converts the truecolor image RGB to the grayscale intensity image I. rgb2gray converts RGB images to grayscale by eliminating the hue and saturation information while retaining the luminance.

>> x=imread('1.jpg'); >> a=rgb2gray(x); >> imshow(a),title('hand')

% read image 1.jpg and store as x % converts x into gray from RGB and store in a % shows a , and title is hand

PROGRAM 2 : TO STUDY GRAYSLICE.

Grayslice : Convert grayscale image to indexed image using multilevel thresholding Syntax X = grayslice(I, n) Description X = grayslice(I, n) thresholds the intensity image I returning an indexed image in X. grayslice uses the threshold values:

X = grayslice(I, v) thresholds the intensity image I using the values of v, where v is a vector of values between 0 and 1, returning an indexed image in X

>> x=imread('1.jpg'); >> a=rgb2gray(x); %converts image x to gray and stored in variable a >>figure,imshow(grayslice(a,128),gray(128)),title('grayslice 128') %shows image with grayslice 128 with . 128 gray levels and title grayslice 128 >>figure,imshow(grayslice(a,64),gray(64)),title('grayslice 64') >>figure,imshow(grayslice(a,32),gray(32)),title('grayslice 32') >>figure,imshow(grayslice(a,16),gray(16)),title('grayslice 16') >>figure,imshow(grayslice(a,8),gray(8)),title('grayslice 8')

PROGRAM 3 : TO IMPLEMENT GRAYSLICE WITHOUT GRAY() COMMAND. Without using gray() command {The dynamic range of gray level is constant}

>> x=imread('1.jpg'); >> a=rgb2gray(x); >> figure,imshow(grayslice(a,128)),title('grayslice 128') >> figure,imshow(grayslice(a,64)),title('grayslice 64') >> figure,imshow(grayslice(a,32)),title('grayslice 32') >> figure,imshow(grayslice(a,16)),title('grayslice 16') >> figure,imshow(grayslice(a,8)),title('grayslice 8')

PROGRAM 4: TO CALCULATE THE COMPRESSION RATIO OF 8 BIT GRAY SCALE IMAGE: Imfinfo : Information about graphics file Syntax info = imfinfo(filename) Description info = imfinfo(filename) attempts to infer the format of the file from its contents.

>>k=imfinfo(1.jpg) % shows the information of image

Imwrite : Write image to graphics file Quality : Decides the quality of file

>> x=imread('1.jpg'); >> imwrite(x,('1-1.jpg'),'Quality',80); >> imwrite(x,('1-2.jpg'),'Quality',20);

% writes file named 1-1.jpg with quality 80 percent of image 1.jpg % writes file named 1-2.jpg with quality 20 percent of image 1.jpg

A. 80% Quality

B.

20% Quality

IB : Image bits CB : Compression bits CR : Compression ratio

% From the above results we can see that as the quality decreases , the compression ratio increases

PROGRAM 5 : TO FIND FOURIER TRANSFORM OF AN IMAGE, STUDY THE SHIFTING QUADRANTS AND CALCULATE MAGNITUDE AND PHASE OF AN IMAGE. fft2 : 2-D discrete Fourier transform Syntax Y = fft2(X) Description Y = fft2(X) returns the two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of X, computed with a fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. The result Y is the same size as X.

Fftshift : Shift zero-frequency component to center of spectrum Syntax Y = fftshift(X)

Description Y = fftshift(X) rearranges the outputs of fft, fft2, and fftn by moving the zero-frequency component to the center of the array. It is useful for visualizing a Fourier transform with the zero-frequency component in the middle of the spectrum >>x=imread('1.jpg'); >> y=fft2(x); % calculates fft in 2d array and stores in variable y >>z=fftshift (y); % shifts the Quadrants of Image y and stores in variable z >> imshow(y),title ('Fourier Image '),figure, imshow(z), title (Shifted Quadrants)

>>x=imread(1.jpg); >>y=fft2(x); >>mag=abs(y) >>ph=Angle(y)

% it gives the magnitude of image y % it gives phase angle of image y

Magnitude plot

Phase Plot

PROGRAM : 6 TO ROTATE THE IMAGE imrotate : Rotate image Syntax B = imrotate(A,angle) Description B = imrotate(A,angle) rotates image A by angle degrees in a counterclockwise direction around its center point. To rotate the image clockwise, specify a negative value for angle. imrotate makes the output image B large enough to contain the entire rotated image. imrotate uses nearest neighbor interpolation, setting the values of pixels in B that are outside the rotated image to 0 (zero)

>> x=imread('1.jpg'); >> s=imrotate(x,45); % Rotates image x by 45 degree clockwise >>s1=imrotate(x,90); % Rotates image x by 90 degree clockwise >>s2=imrotate(x,120); % Rotates image x by 120 degree clockwise >>figure ,imshow(s),title('45'),figure ,imshow(s1),title('90'),figure ,imshow(s2),title('120')

45 Program : 6a To study effect of rotation in complex image. >> x=imread('1.jpg'); >> y=rgb2gray(x); >> y1=fft2(y); >> y2=fftshift(y1); >> s=imrotate(y,45); >> s1=fft2(s); >> s2=fftshift(s1); >> imshow(y2), figure , imshow(s2)

90

120

Original FFt image

Rotated FFt Image