Chapter # 33 Thermal and Chemical Effects of Electric Current

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SOLVED EXAMPLES
Example 33.1 Find the heat developed in each of the three resistors shown in figure in 1 minute.
9 V
1O
3O
6O
Sol. The equivalent resistance of 6Oand 3Oresistance is
O + O
O O
3 6
) (3 ) (6
= 2O .
This connected in series with the 1O resistor. The equivalent resistance of the circuit is
R = 2O + 1O = 3O.
The current through the battery is
i =
O 3
9V
= 3 A.
The current through the 1O resistor is , therefore, 3A. The heat developed in this resistor is
H = i
2
Rt
= ( 3A )
2
( 1O ) ( 60 s ) = 540 J.
The current through the 6Oresistor is
( 3A )
O + O
O
3 6
3
= 1 A.
The heat developed in it
= ( 1A )
2
( 6O ) ( 60 s ) = 360 J.
The current through the 3O resistor is 3 A 1 A = 2 A.
The heat developed in it
= ( 2A )
2
( 3O ) ( 60 s ) = 720 J.
Example 33.2 The cold junction of a thermocouple is maintained at 10
0
C. No thermoemf is developed when the
hot junction is maintained at 530
0
C. Find the neutral temperature.
Sol. Clearly, 530
0
C is the inversion temperature u
i
of the couple. If u
n
be the netural temperature and u
c
be the temperature of the cold junction,
u
i
u
n
= u
n
u
c
or , u
n
=
2
-
c
u u
i
=
2
10 - C 530
0 0
C
= 270
0
C.
Example 33.3
Uses Copper 2.76 0.012
Iron 16.6 0.030
Using table, find a and b coefficients for a copperiron thermocouple.
Sol. a
Cu , Fe
= a
Cu , Pb
a
Fe , Pb
= 2.76 V /
0
C 16.6 V /
0
C = 13.8 V /
0
C.
b
Cu , Fe
= b
Cu , Pb
b
Fe , Pb
= 0.012 V / (
0
C)
2
+ 0.030 V / (
0
C)
2
= 0.042 V / (
0
C)
2
.
QUESTIONS FOR SHORT ANSWER
1. If a constant potential difference is applied across a bulb, the current slightly decreases as time passes and
then becomes constant. Explain.
2. Two unequal resistances R
1
and R
2
are connected across two identical batteries of emf c and internal
resistance r (figure 33-Q1). Can the thermal energies developed in R
1
and R
2
be equal in a given time. If yes,
what will be condition?
Chapter # 33 Thermal and Chemical Effects of Electric Current
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3. When a current passes through a resistor, its temperature increases. Is it an adiabatic process?
4. Apply the first lawof thermodynamics to a resistance carrying a current i. Identify which of the quantities AQ,
AU and AW are zero, which are positive and which are negative.
5. Do all the thermocouples have a neutral temperature?
6. Is inversion temperature always double of the neutral temperature? Does the unit of temperature have an
effect in deciding this question?
7. Is neutral temperature always the arthmetic mean of the inversion temperature and the temperature of the
cold jucntion? Does the unit of temperature have an effect in deciding this question?
8. Do the electrodes in an electrolytic cell have fixed polarity like a battery?
9. As temperature incrases, the viscosity of liquids decreases considerably. Will this decrease the resistance
of an electrolyte as the temperature increases?
Objective - I
1. Which of the following plots may represent the thermal energy produced in a resistor in a given time as a
function of the electric current ?
l--- n = +i-=i + l+=i l-lz-- =n n l - iii + +n- + n l+=i l-i i n --- -ni -i +-
+-i t -
(A*) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
2. A constant current i is passed through a resistor. Taking the temperature coefficient of resistance into
account, indicate which of the plots shown in fig. best represents the rate of production of thermal energy in
the resistor.
l+=i l-i i = l-- iii i ilt- ti -i t -i l-ii nii+ +i iii ni-- t ( l--- l-zi n +i -=i + l+=i
l-ii n -ni -i --- ti- +i < +i ~li+ =ti <lzi- +-i t -
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D*) 4
3. Consider the following statements regarding a thermocouple.
(a) The neutral temperature does not depend on the temperature of the cold junction.
(b) The inversion temperature does not depend on the temperature of the cold junction.
(A) Both a and b are correct. (B*) a is correct but b is worng
(C) b is correct but a is wrong (D) Both a and b are wrong
Chapter # 33 Thermal and Chemical Effects of Electric Current
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-i- n + ln l--- +i-i l-i +il -
(a) -<i=i- -i ai =li+ -i l-i -ti +-i t
(b) A= t -ii B ~= t
(A) a b <i-i = t (B*) a = t -ii b ~= t
(C) b = t -ii a ~= t (D) a b <i-i ~= t
4. The heat developed in a system is propertional to the current through it.
(A) It cannot be Thomson heat (B) It cannot be Peltier heat
(C*) It cannot be Joule heat (D) It can be any of the three heats mentioned above
l+=i l-+i n --- -ni :== ilt- iii + =ni-i-i t -
(A) t iin=- -ni -ti ti =+-i t (B) t -i -ni -ti ti =+-i t
(C*) t n -ni -ti ti =+-i t (D) t -+- -i-i -ni~i n = +i: ii -ti ti =+-i t
5. Consider the following two statements
(a) Free-electron density is different in different metals.
(b) Free-electron density in a metal depends on temperature.
Seebeck effect is caused
(A*) due to both a and b (B) due to a but not due to b
(C) due to b but not due to a (D) neither due to a nor due to b
l---lnli- <i +i-i l-i +il -
(a) li--li-- ii- ~i n n +- :n + i - i- li--li-- ti -i t
(b) ii- n n +- :n + i- i- -i l-i +-i t =i + ii --- ti -i t
(A*) a b <i-i + +ii (B) a + +ii. l+-- b + +ii -ti
(C) b + +ii. l+-- a + +ii -ti (D) - -i a + +ii - ti b + +ii
6. Consider the statement a and b in the previous question. Peltier effect is caused
(A) due to both a and b (B*) due to a but not due to b
(C) due to b but not due to a (D) neither due to a nor due to b
lzn z- n l< n +i-i A-ii B l-i +il -i ii --- ti-i t -
(A) a b <i-i + +ii (B*) a + +ii. l+-- B + +ii -ti
(C) b + +ii. l+-- a + +ii -ti (D) - -i a + +ii - ti b + +ii
7. Consider the statements a and b in question 5. Thomson effect is caused
(A) due to both a and b (B) due to a but not due to b
(C*) due to b but not due to a (D) neither due to a nor due to b
z- =i 5 n l< n +i-i a b l-i +il iin=- ii --- ti-i t -
(A) a b <i-i + +ii (B) a + +ii. l+-- b + +ii -ti
(C*) - -i a + +ii - ti b + +ii (D) - -i a + +ii - ti b + +ii
8. Faraday constant :
(A) depends on the amount of the electrolyte
(B) depends on the current in the electrolyte
(C*) is a universal constant
(D) depends on the amount of charge passed through the electrolyte.
+i l--i+ :
(A) l - ~i +i nizii l-i +-i t
(B) l - ~i = ilt- iii l-i +-i t
(C*) (+ =i lzi+ l--i + t
(D) l - ~i = ilt- ~i zi +i nizii l-i +-i t
Objective - II
1. Two resistors having equal resistance are joined in series and current is passed through the combination.
Negect any variation is resistance as the temperature changes. In a given time interval,
(A*) equal amounts of thermal energy must be produced in the resistors
(B) unequal amounts of thermal energy may be produced
(C) the temperature must rise equally in the resistors
(D*) the tepmerature may rise equally in the resistors
<i (+ =ni- l-ii ii+n n i n t -ii := =i- = iii ilt- +i i ti t -i l-- + +ii
Chapter # 33 Thermal and Chemical Effects of Electric Current
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l-ii n l-- -n ni- nil l+=i l-lz-- =ni-in n -
(A*) l-ii =ni- nizii n -ni -i --- tini
(B) l-iii ~=ni- nizii n -ni -i --- tini
(C) l-iii n l-lz-- = =ni- -i lz ti ni
(D*) l-iii n -i lz =ni- ti =+-i t
2. Acopper stripAB and an iron stripAC are joined at A. The junctionAis maintained at 0
o
C and the free ends
B and Care maintained at 100
o
C. There is potential different between
(A*) the two ends of the copper strip (B*) the copper end and the iron end at the junction
(C*) the two ends of the iron strip (D*) the free ends B and C
-i +i i AB -ii ni t +i i AC, A i t : t = li A+i -i 0
o
C-ii n +- l=i B C+i -i 100
o
C
l-i ii ni t lii-- ti ni -
(A*) -i +i i + <i -i l=i + i- (B*) = li -i + l= -ii ni t + l= + i-
(C*) nit +i i + <i -i l=i + i- (D*) n +- l=i B C+ i-
3. The constance a and b for the pair silver-lead are 2.50 V/
o
Cand 0.012 V/
o
(C)
2
respectively. For a silver-lead
thermocouple with colder junction at 0
o
C,
(A*) there will be no neutral temperature
(B*) there will be no inversion temperature
(C) there will not be any thermo-emf even if the junctions are kept at different temperatures
(D) there will no current in the thermocouple even if the junction are kept at different temperature.
-i <i -ii =i= + n + ln l--i + a -ii b + ni- +nzi 2.50 V/
o
C-ii 0.012 V/
o
(C)
2
t -i <i=i=i -i -
n l=+i ai = li +i -i 0
o
Ct . + ln -
(A*) +i: -<i=i- -i -ti tini
(B*) +i: +ni -i -ti tini
(C) = lii +i li--li-- -ii i- ii -i l.i.n --- -ti ti ni
(D) = lii +i li--li-- -ii i- ii -i - n = +i : iii ilt- -ti ti ni
4. An electrolysis experiment is stopped and the battery terminals are reversed.
(A) The electrolysis will stop
(B) The rate of liberation of material at the electrodes will increased.
(C*) The rate of liberation of material will remain the same
(D) Heat will be produce at a greater rate
(+ l-~i- in +i i++ i + ln-n n l< n t -
(A) l-~i- + ini
(B) :n +i i <ii ~-il- ti - +i < n lz ti i ni
(C*) <ii ~-i l- ti - +i < ti t ni
(D) -ni --- ti- +i < n lz tini
5. The electrochemical equivalent of a material depends on
(A*) the nature of the material
(B) the current through the electrolyte containing the material
(C) the amount of charge passed through the electrolyte
(D) the amount of this material present in the electrolyte.
l+=i <ii +i -i=il-+ --i+ l-i +-i t -
(A*) <ii +i |l-
(B) <ii +i i- in l - ~i +i |l-
(C) l - ~i = ilt- ~i zi
(D) l - ~i n -l-i- <ii +i nizii
WORKED OUT EXAMPLES
1. A current of 30 A is registered when the terminals of a drya cell of emf 1.5 volts are connectd through an
ammeter. Neglecting the meter resistance, find the amount of heat produced in the battery in 10 seconds.
Sol. The current in the circuit will be
i =
r
c
Chapter # 33 Thermal and Chemical Effects of Electric Current
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or, 30 A =
r
V 5 . 1
giving r = 0.05 O.
The amount of heat produced in the battery
= i
2
rt = (30 A)
2
(0.05 O) 10 s = 450 J.
2. Aroom heater is rated 500 W, 220 V. (a) Find the resistance of its coil. (b) If the supply votage drops to 200
V, what will be the power consumed? (c) If an electric bulb rated 100 W, 220 V is connected in series with
this heater, what will be the power consumed by the heater and by the bulb when the supply is at 220 V?
Sol. (a) The power consumed by a coil of resistance R when connected across a supply V is
P =
R
V
2
.
The resistance of the heater coil is, therefore
R =
W 500
) V 220 (
2
= 96.8 O.
(b) The reasistance of the 100 W, 220 V, the power consumed will be
P =
R
V
2
=
O 8 . 96
) V 220 (
2
= 413 W..
(c) The resistance of the 100 W, 220 V bulb is
R =
W 100
) V 220 (
2
= 484 O.
If this is connected in series with the heater of 96.8 O, the current i will be
i =
O + O 8 . 96 484
V 220
2
= 0.379 A.
Thus, the poer consumed by the heater
= i
2
96.8 O = 0.144 96.8 W = 13.9 W
= i
2
484 O = 69.7 W.
3. A battery of emf c and internal resistance r is used in a circuit with a variable external resistance R. Find the
value of R for which the power consumed in R is maximum.
Sol. The current in the resitance R is
R r
i
+
c
=
The power consumed in Ris
P = i
2
R =
2
2
) R r (
R
+
c
It is maximum when
dR
dP
c
2
(
(

+
+ +
) R r (
) R r ( R 2 ) R r (
2
.
It is zero when
(r + R)
2
= 2R(r + R)
or, R = r.
4. The junctions of a a NiCu thermocopule are maintained at 0C. Calcualte the Seebeck emf produced in the
loop a
NI, Cu
= 16.3 10
8
V/C and b
Ni, Cu
= 0.042 10
6
V/(C)
2
.
Solution :
2
Cu , Ni Cu , Ni Cu , Ni
b
2
1
a u + u = c
= (16.3 10
6
100)V +
2
1
(0.042 10
6
10
4
) N
= 1.42 10
3
V.
Chapter # 33 Thermal and Chemical Effects of Electric Current
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5. Find the neutral and inversion temperatures for Ni Cu thermodynamics with the cold junction at 0C. Use
data fromprevious example.
Solution : The neutral temperature is
u
n
=
b
a
=
6
6
10 042 . 0
10 3 . 16

C = 388C.
The inversion temprature is double the neutral temperature, i.e., 776C.
6. An electric current of 0.4 Ais passed through a silver voltameter for half an hour. Find the amount of silver
deposited on the cathode. ECE of silver = 1.12 10
6
kg/C.
Solution : Using the formula m = Zit, the mass of silver deposted
= (1.12 10
6
kg/C) (0.4 A) (30 60 s)
= 8.06 10
4
kg = 0.806 g.
7. A silver and a copper voltameter are connected in sereis with a 12.0 V battery of negligible resistance. It is
found that 0.806 g of silver is deposited in half an hour. Find (a) the mass of the copper deposited and (b) the
energy supplied by the battery. EOE of silver = 1.12 10
6
kg/C and that of copper = 6.6 10
7
kg/C.
Solution :
(a) For silver voltameter, the formula m = Zit gives 0.806 g = (1.12 10

6 kg/C) i(30 60 s)
or, i = 0.4 A.
As the two voltmeters are connected in seris, the same current passes through the copper voltameter. The
mass of copper deposited is
m = Zit
= (6.6 10
7
kg/C) i(30 60 s)
or, i = 0.4 A.
This could also be obtained by using
2
1
2
1
Z
z
m
m
=
for series circuit.
(b) Energy supplied by the battery = Vit
= (12 V) (0.4 A) (30 60 s) = 8.64 kJ.
8. Acurrent of 1Ais passed through a dilute solution of sulphuric acid for some time to liberate 1 g of oxygen.
How long was the current passed ? Faraday constant = 96500 C/mole.
Solution :
The relative atomic mass of oxygen = 16 and its valency = 2 so that the chemical equivalent E =
2
16
= 8.
Chemical equivalent of hydrogen = 1
hydrogen
oxygen
E
E
=
hydrogen
oxygen
E
E
=
1
8
or, m
hydrogen
=
8
m
oxygen
=
8
g 1
= 0.125 g.
We have, 1 g of oxygen =
8
1
gram-equivalent.
The charge needed to liberate
8
1
gramequivalent =
8
1
faraday
=
8
96500
C = 1.12 10
4
C.
As the current is 1 A, the time taken is
t =
i
Q
=
A 1
C 10 2 . 1
4

= 1.2 10
4
s
= 3 hours 20 minutes.
Chapter # 33 Thermal and Chemical Effects of Electric Current
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EXERCISE
1. An electric current of 2.0Apasses through a wire of resistance 25 O. Howmuch heat will be developed in 1
minute?
25 Ol-ii in -i = 2.0Al- iii ilt- +i i ti t (+ lnl- n l+--i -ni --- ti ni`
Ans. 6.0 10
3
J
2. Acoil of resistance 100 Ois connected across a battery of emf 6.0 V. Assume that the heat developed in the
coil is used to raise its temperature. If the heat capacity of the coil is 4.0 J/K long will it take to raise the
temperature of the coil by 15C?
6.0 V l.i.n ini i = 100 O l-i i +i + ni i i ni t t ni- nil l+ + ni n --- =ii -ni
+ ni +i -i c i- n +- ti -i t l< + ni +i -ni iil-i 4.0 J/Kt . :=+ -i n 15C+i lz ti - n l+--i
=n nnni ?
Ans. 2.8 minute
3. The specificationon a heater coil is 250 V, 500 W. Calculate the resistance of the coil. What will be the
resistance of a coil of 1000 W to operate at the same voltage?
(+ ti + ni 250 V, 500 W +i t + ni + l-ii +i ni-i +il =ni- i--i +- +i i- ini
1000 W +i +ni +i l-i i l+--i ti ni`
Ans. 125 O, 62.5 O
4. Aheater coil is to be constructed with a nichrome wire ( = 1.0 10
6
O-m) which can operate at 500 W when
connected to a 250 V supply. (a) What would be the resistance of the coil? (b) If the cross-sectional area of
the wire is 0.5 mm
2
, what length of the wire will be needed? (c) If the radius of each turn is 4.0 mm, howmany
turns will be there in the coil?
(+ ti + ni -i:+i n -i ( = 1.0 10
6
O-m) = -ii ni t . :=+i 250 V + = i - = i - 500 W zil+-
--- ti -i t (a) + ni +i l-i i l+--i t ` (b) l< -i +i ~- -i +i -i zi+n 0.5 lnni
2
t . -i l+-- n- -i
+i ~iz+-i ti ni` (c) l< + + +i lzii 4.0 lnni. t . +ni n + i +i + n = i l+--i t `
Ans. (a) 125 O (b) 62.5 m (c) = 2500 turns
5. Abulb with rathing 250 V, 100 W is connected to a power supply of 220 Vsituated 10 m away using a copper
wire of area of cross-section 5 mm
2
. Howmuch power will be consumed by the connecting wires? Resistivity
of copper = 1.7 10
8
O-m.
250 V, 100 W +i (+ - 5 mm
2
~- -i +i in -i + n- -i +i =ti-i = 10 ni. < l-i- = i - = i i
ni t =i- -ii ,ii l+--i zil+- +in n ni ini -i +i l-ii+-i = 1.7 10
8
O-m.
Ans. 8.4 mW
6. An electric bulb, when connected across a power supply of 220 V, consumes a power of 60 W. If the supply
drops to 180 V, what will be the power consumed? It the supply is suddenly increased to 240 V, what will be
the power consumed?
(+ l - - +i 220 i - + = i - = i - t 60 W zil+- n ti +-i t l< = i - i --i 180 i - -+ +n
ti i. l+--i zil+- +- ti ni` l< = i- i--i ~-i-+ c+ 240 i - ti i . -i l+--i zil+- i- tini`
Ans. 40 W, 71 W
7. Aservo voltage stabiliser restricts the voltage output to 220 V 1%. If an electric bulb rated at 220 V, 100 W
is connected to it, what will be the minimum and maximum power consumed by it ?
(+ ''=i i - - ni:'' +i l-n - i --i 220 V 1%t l< (+ 220 V, 100 W +i - :== i i i -i
:=+ ,ii -in +i n: ~li+-n ( ---n zil+- l+--i ti ni`
Ans. 98 W, 102 W
8. An electric bulb marked 220 V, 100 W will get fused if it is made to consume 150 W or more. What voltage
fluctuation will the bulb withstand?
(+ l - - 220 V, 100 W ~ l+- t . l< t 150 W i ~li+ +- ti ni -i + ti i ni - i --i
n l+--i --i -ci =t- + =+-i t
Ans. up to 270 V
9. An immersion heater rated 1000 W, 220 V is used to beat 0.01 m
3
of water. Assuming that the power is
supplied at 220 V and 60% of the power supplied is used to heat the water, how long will it take to increase
the temperature of the water from 15C to 40C?
1000 W, 220 V+i :nzi - i. 0.01 ni
3
i-i +i nn +- + ln +- +i i ti t t ni-- t ( l+ = i - i --i
220 V t -ii <i n: zil+- +i 60%ti n +i nn +- n +- ti-i t . i-i +i -i 15C= 40C-+ ci- n
Chapter # 33 Thermal and Chemical Effects of Electric Current
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manishkumarphysics.in
l+--i =n nnni?
Ans. 29 minutes 20 ln-
10. An electric kettle used to prepare tea, takes 2 minutes to boil 4 cups of water (1 up contains 200 cc of water)
if the room temperature is 25C. (a) If the cost of power consumptionis Rs. 1.00 per unit = 1000 watt-hour),
calculate the cost to boiling 4 cups of water. (b) What will be the corresponding cost if the roomtemperature
drops to 5C?
(+ l - + ni +i -i n -i -i- n l+i i ti t l< +n +i -i 25C t -i t 4 + i-i (1 + n 200V
i- =ni i-i) +i 2 lnl- n -in <-i t l< +n +i -i (a) l< l- zil+- i- 1.00 i l- l- ti
(1 l- = 1000 iii), 4 +n i-i -in- n l- ilzi +i ni-i +il (b) l< +n +i -i 5C +n ti
i -i l+--i tini ?
Ans. (a) 7 paisa =i (b) 9 paisa =i
11. The coil of an electric bulb takes 40 watts to start glowing. If more than 40 W is supplied, 60% of the extra
power is converted into light and the remaining into heat. The bulb consumes 100 W at 220 V. Find the
percentage drop in the light intesity at a point if the supply voltage cahnges form 220 V to 200 V.
(+ l - - -n+-i i-i +- + ln 40 i = ~li+ <i- +i i . 60%~l-l+- zil+- +izi n -ii zi i -ni
n ll-- ti i-i t - 200 V 100 i +-i t l< =i- i--i 220 V = 200 V t i -i +izi
+i -i -i n l-zi- +ni ai- +il
Ans. 29%
12. The 2.0 Oresistor shown in figure (33 E1) is dipped into a calorimeter containing water. The heat capacity of
the calorimeter together with water is 2000 J/K. (a) If the circuit is active for 15 minutes, what would be the
rise in the temperature of the water? (b) Suppose the 6.0 Oresistor gets burnt. What would be the rise in the
temperature of the water in the next 15 minutes?
l-zi n <lzi - 2.0 O l-i i. i-i = i t ( + ni i ni n i i ni t + ni i ni +i i-i =lt- -ni iil-i 2000
J/Kt (a) l< li 15 lnl- -+ l+iziin t-i t . i-i + -i n l+--i lz ti ni` (b) l< 6.0 O l-i i n+
- ti i-i t ~nn 15 lnl- n i-i + -i n l+--i lz tini`
Ans. (a) 2.9 C (b) 3.6C
13. The temperatures of the junctions of a bismuth-silver thermocopule are maintained at 0Cand 0.001C. Find
the thermo-emf (Seeback emf) developed. For bismuthsilver, a = 46 10
6
V/degand b = 0.48 10
6
V/
deg
2
.
l-ni -i <i -i - n +i = lii +i -i 0C-ii 0.001Cii i-i t --- -i l.i.n (=i + l.i.n)
ai- +il l-ni l=- + ln a = 46 10
6
i-/lni -ii b = 0.48 10
6
i-/lni
2
Ans. 4.6 10
6
V
14. Find the thermo-emf developed in a copper-silver thermocouple when the junctions are kept at 0Cand 40C.
Use the data in table (33.1).
-i i. -i <i -i - n +i = lii +i -i 0C-ii 40Ct . :=n --- -i l.i.n ai- +il (~i + =iii
= i-- +il )
Ans. 1.04 10
6
V
15. Find the neutral temperature and inversion temperature of copper-iron thermocople if the reference juction is
kept at 0C. Use the dat in table (333.1).
-i i ni ti -i - n +i = <i = li +i -i 0Ct . :=+i -<i=i- -i -ii +ni -i ai- +il (~i + i =iii
= i-- +il )
Ans. 330C, 659 C
16. Find the charge required to flowthrough an electrolyte to liberate one atom of (a) a monovalent material and
(b) a divalent material.
Chapter # 33 Thermal and Chemical Effects of Electric Current
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manishkumarphysics.in
(+ nii n +- +- + ln l+=i l - ~i = ilt- ~i zi ai- +il (a) (+ = i + <ii +i ~i (b)
l, =i+ <ii +i
Ans. (a) 1.6 10
19
C (b) 3.2 10
19
C
17. Find the amount of silver liberated at cathode if 0.500Aof current is passed throughAgNO
3
electrolyte for 1
hour. Atomic weight of silver is 107.9 g/mole.
l< AgNO
3
l - ~i = 0.500Aiiii -+ ilt- +i i-i t . -i + ii l--i l- -i <i +i nizii ai- +il
-i <i +i nii ii 107.9 n innin t
Ans. 2.01 g
18. An electroplating unit plates 3.0 g of silver on a brass plate in 3.0 minutes. Find the current used by the unit.
The electrochemical equivalent of silver is 1.12 10
6
kg/C.
(+ :n+ i -n ln l- n 30 lnl- n i-n +i -n 3.0 n in -i <i l--il- ti-i t l- n +- +i n: iii
ai- +il -i<i +i l- i=il-+ --i+ 1.12 10
6
l+ni/+nin t
Ans. 15 A
19. Find the time required to liberate 1.0 litre of hydrogen at STP in an electrolytic cell by a current of 5.0 A.
ni-+ -i <i (STP) l- ~i-i =n n 5.0Aiii ilt- ++ 1.0 ni ti:i- n+- +- + ln(
~iz+ =n ai- +il
Ans. 29 minutes
20. Two voltameters, one having a solution of silver salt and the other of a trivalent-metal salt, are connceted in
series and a current of 2A is maintained for 1.50 hours. It is found that 1.00 g of the trivalent-metal salt, are
connected in series and a current of 2A is maintained-metal is deposited.
(A) What is the atomic weight of the trivalent metal?
(B) Howmuch silver is deposited during this period?Atomic weight of silver is 107.9 g/mole.
ii+n n = i l- <i i -ni t . (+ -i <i + ni +i ln- -ii < = n lzi= i + ii- + ni +i ii n t . :-n
1.50 i -+ 2A ilt- +i i-i t t l-i- l+i i-i t l+ lzi= i + ii- +i 1.00 n in nizii l--i l- ti -i t
(A) lzi= i -+ ii- +i nii ii l+--i t `
(B) := =ni- n l+--i -i<i l--il- t:` -i<i +i nii ii 107.9 ninnin
Ans. (a) 26.8 g/mole (b) 12.1 g
21. A brass plate having surface area 200 cm
2
on one side is electroplated with 0.10 mmthick a silver layers on
both sides using a 15Acurrent. Find the time taken to do the job. The specific gravity of silver is 10.5 and its
atomic weight is 107.9 g/mol.
(+ i-n +i l+i +i (+ ~i +i -i zi+n 200 = ni
2
t . := :n + i -n l n ,ii 15Aiii ilt- ++ <i -i ~i
0.10 lnni ni i -i <i +i - -c ii i-i t := +i n nni =n ai- +il -i <i +i ~i l-i+ i- 10.5 ( nii
ii 107.9 ninnin t
Ans. 42 minutes
22. Figure (33-E2) shows an electrolyte of AgCl through which a current is passed. It is observed that 2.68 g of
silver is deposited in 10 minutes on the cathode. Find the heat developed in the 20 O resistor during this
period. Atomic weight of silver is 107.9 g/mole.
l-zi n AgCl l - ~i <lzi - l+i ni t . l== iii ilt- ti ti t t l-i- l+i ni t l+ + ii
10 lnl- n 2.68 nin -i <i ni ti -i t := +in n 20 O l-i i --- -ni ai- +il -i <i +i nii ii
107.9 ninnin
Ans. 190 kJ
Chapter # 33 Thermal and Chemical Effects of Electric Current
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manishkumarphysics.in
23. The potential difference across the terminals of a battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 2 Odrops to 10
V when it is connected to a silver voltameter. Find the silver deposited at the cathod in half an hour. Atomic
weight of silver is 107.9 g/mole.
(+ i +i l.i.n 12 V-ii ~i -l+ l-i i 2 Ot . :=+i l=- i -ini = i i i-i t -i :=+i ln -n
i --i 10 Vt i-i t + ii ~ii i n l--i l- -i <i +i nizii ai- +il -i <i +i nii ii 107.9 n inni n
Ans. 2 g
24. A plate of area 10 cm
2
is to be electroplated with copper (density 9000 kg/m
3
) to a thickness of 10 microme-
ters on both sides, using a cell of 12 V. Calculate the energy spent by the cell in the process of deposition.
If this energy is used to heat 100 g of water, calculate the rise in the temperature of the water. ECE of copper
3 10
7
kg/C and specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/kg-K.
(+ -n +i -i zi+n 10 = ni
2
t . 12 V +i = n +- ++ :n + i -n l n ,ii :=+ <i -i ~i 10 ni:+i ni ni i -i
(i- 9000 l+ni/ni
3
) +i - -ci-i t l--i- +i (+ l+i n l- -i +i ni-i +il l< := -i +i
-in 100 n in i-i +i nn +- + ln l+i i. -i i-i + -i n lz +i ni-i +il -i +i ECE= 3
10
7
l+ni/+nin -ii i-i +i llzi -ni = 4200 n/l+ni-K
Ans. 7.2 kJ, 17 K