EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1 Oscilloscope and PSPICE

Spring 2009

Abstract
Starting Fall 2007 the EE124 Lab was equipped with new oscilloscopes (the Agilent DS !014A" and new #$%s (Dell ptiple& 74'"( )he *ain purpose o+ E&pt( 1 is to get +a*iliar with the EE124 Lab equip*ent, in particular with the +unction generator and the new oscilloscope, and to re-iew #S#.$E( )he +irst two Lab wee/s are used +or that( A si*ple 0$1circuit (in an integrator con+iguration" is used to practice *easure*ent s/ills while *easuring its transient response( .t is stressed that prior to co**itting the circuit to *easure*ent and #S#.$E si*ulation, hand1calculations 1 using si*ple *odels 1 are i*portant, in order to predict the beha-ior o+ the circuit( 2nowing the response be+ore1 hand allows one to select the proper para*eters +or setting up the +unction generator square1wa-e and the scope settings( Also it guides one in the choice o+ the proper #S#.$E wa-e+or* and the appropriate #S#.$E 3setup41portion +or generating a transient response( $are+ul preli*inar5 preparation assists in the 6udg*ent whether the scope output or the #S#.$E output are realistic( .n addition a #S#.$E 7ode #lot will be generated b5 using +requenc5 anal5sis(

Abbreviated Mission Instructions

)he e&peri*ental portion o+ the lab *anual is organi8ed such that the -arious e&peri*ents are described in a sequence o+ steps called 39ission .nstructions4( :ou will +ind these sets o+ instructions twice( )he +irst set, called 3Abbre-iated 9ission .nstructions4 are *eant to pre-iew the highlights o+ each instruction step( )he5 replace the steps which used to be written on the blac/board( ;hen 5ou actuall5 per+or* the e&peri*ent 5ou should +ollow the second set called 3Detailed 9ission .nstructions4( )hese describe the e&peri*ental tas/s in *uch *ore detail(

Lab 1A Session
#lease note< in the beginning o+ each lab 5ou *ust per+or* the !oster"#ime $%ec& and the E'uipment Inventory $%ec&( #%ese must be per(ormed at t%e beginning o( eac% )ab session*

A* +* $* ,* E* -* .*

0oster=)i*e $hec/( Equip*ent .n-entor5 $hec/( Equip*ent Functionalit5 $hec/( scilloscope and Function >enerator( Function >enerator ? scilloscope E&ercise( scilloscope Screen $apture( Lab@iew 0$1.ntegrator $ircuit )utorial and Aui8(

/reLab (or Experiment 1+

Exp 1 /age 1 o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

1* I* 2* 3*

#S#.$E )ransient Anal5sis o+ 0$1$ircuit( #S#.$E 7ode #lot o+ 0$1$ircuit( #reparation o+ #ersonal Lab 7inder( Lab Boteboo/, #rotoboard, 7asic )ools

Lab 1+ Session L* Deter*ination o+ Cn/nown $o*ponent in an 0$1.ntegrator $ircuit( M* Lab@iew @eri+ication +or Cn/nown 9easure*ent( N* 9easure*ent o+ the Diode $haracteristic on the Analog and Digital $ur-e )racer( 4* Cse o+ D1: .nputs on Scope to 9easure Lissa6ou #atterns( Lab 1 /ostLab ,etai)ed Mission Instructions
)his being the +irst lab session, the instructor will +irst go through the introduction +or this lab, roster +or*alities and greensheet discussion( )hen 5ou will proceed with the hands1on part( #lease note< in the beginning o+ eac% )ab 5ou *ust per+or* the !oster"#ime $%ec& and the E'uipment Inventory $%ec&( #%ese must be per(ormed at t%e beginning o( eac% )ab session*

A* !oster"#ime $%ec&*
)his part will introduce 5ou to the EE124 Lab web site which co*ple*ents this lab *anual< http<==www(engr(s6su(edu=ee124lab( .t contains last1*inute announce*ents, corrections=clari+ications to the lab *anual, updated sub*ission +or*s, Lab@iew *odules etc( So*e o+ the Lab@iew *odules are the 0oster=)i*e $hec/ progra*, the Equip*ent $hec/ List, Lab@iew )utorials and Aui88es and Lab@iew $ircuit E-aluation #rogra*s( .t is i*portant to reali8e that the #$%s on each lab station operate in two *odes< 1( the ser-er *ode, 2( the local *ode( )he ser-er *ode *ust be used i+ in+or*ation +ro* the lab needs to be trans+erred to a ser-er in the EE Dept( )his is in the case o+ the 0oster=)i*e $hec/, the Equip*ent $hec/, Auto*atic $ircuit E-aluations, Lab@iew Aui88es, 9idter*s and Finals( Student entries, *easure*ent data and qui8 e-aluations=grades are trans+erred to ser-er +iles so the5 *a5 be processed b5 the lab instructors( .n the ser-er *ode the in+or*ation on the des/top cannot be trans+erred to the *e*or5 stic/ or to e*ail( )he local *ode *ust be used during other operations, +or e&a*ple during #S#.$E

Exp 1 /age 2 o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

operations, screen captures, use o+ ;ord and E&cel, retrie-al o+ data +ro* or writing to the *e*or5 stic/, or use o+ e*ail( .nstructions +or *o-ing +ro* the local *ode to the ser-er *ode and -ice -ersa are posted in the lab( For the 0oster=)i*e $hec/ *a/e sure that the #$ is in the ser-er *ode( >o to the website< http<==www(engr(s6su(edu=ee124lab( $lic/ on 30oster ? )i*e $hec/4( )he Lab@iew 0oster=)i*e $hec/ Entr5 For* as shown in Fig( 1 will appear(

-ig* 1 !oster"#ime $%ec& Entry -orm

-ig* 2 !oster"#ime $%ec& !egistration -orm

Csing the dropdown *enu select either Student A or Student 7( 75 con-ention, i+ 5our last na*e is alphabeticall5 lower than 5our lab partner%s, then 5ou are Student A( )he other is Student 7( At this +irst lab session the Student A=7 designation *a5 be onl5 te*porar5( ;e allow the +irst two wee/s +or the registration procedure to settle down, +or students to select a lab station (+irst co*e E +irst ser-e" and +or lab groups to +or*( .n the beginning o+ the third lab session the lab station assign*ent is +ro8en( Csing the drop1down *enu enter the lab section and lab station at which 5ou are( )hen the Lab@iew +or*, changing to that o+ Fig( 2, will allow 5ou to enter 5our na*e and the last F digits o+ 5our SGSC student nu*ber( 7e sure to press 3Sub*it4 so that 5our na*e, .D, and ti*e o+ registration are uploaded to the ser-er( Due to this s5ste* no roll1call b5 the instructor is necessar5( Students arri-ing in the lab late will be penali8ed( Ma&e sure t%at in every )ab session you se)(5register, e-en i+ the instructor is not in the lab( #enalt5 points will a++ect 5our lab participation grade(

+* E'uipment Inventory $%ec&*

Exp 1 /age 6 o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

So*e o+ the equip*ent used in the EE124 Lab *a5 loo/ un+a*iliar to so*e students( For this reason we will show 5ou e&cerpts o+ a -ideo where so*e o+ the equip*ent, in particular the oscilloscope, will be de*onstrated to 5ou( )his -ideo co-ers basic instructions on the equip*ent in-entor5 chec/ to be done at the beginning o+ each lab( )he i*portance o+ chec/ing proper scope probe calibration and basic *easure*ent procedures are also shown( At the beginning o( eac% experiment 5ou *ust chec/ 5our lab station to -eri+5 that all the basic equip*ent is present( )o a-oid lab bench clutter onl5 the *ini*u* equip*ent necessar5 to per+or* *ost o+ the e&peri*ents is on 5our lab station( .+ so*e e&peri*ents require additional equip*ent, this will be pro-ided b5 the instructor( :ou should chec/ whether 5ou ha-e the equip*ent listed below( .+ an5thing is *issing or *al+unctioning, 5ou should report this on the Lab@iew Equip*ent $hec/list ABD to the lab instructor in the beginning o( t%e )ab( $omputer e'uipment #$ (Dell ptiple& 74'", 9onitor, 2e5board, 9ouse, 9ouse1#ad( Instruments Agilent DS !014A scilloscope, H# Function >enerator, H# Digital 9ulti*eter, H# )riple #ower Suppl5, $apacitance 9eter( Leads 4 Scope #robes with a re*o-able scope tip and a clip lead +or grounding, 1 7B$ to 7B$ lead (+or s5nc=trigger", 1 7B$ to double clip lead (+or appl5ing the +unction generator signal to the circuit board", F single banana to clip leads (+or two power suppl5 -oltages and ground", 1 double banana plug to double clip leads (+or resistance *easure*ents on the D@9"( At the beginning o+ each lab a+ter chec/ing whether all the equip*ent is present and a+ter doing the +unctionalit5 test (see #art $" 5ou *ust chec/ o++ the -arious ite*s in the Lab@iew Equip*ent $hec/ For*, which 5ou need to download to 5our station +ro* the website http<==www(engr(s6su(edu=ee124lab b5 clic/ing 3Equip*ent $hec/ For*4( Fig( F shows this +or*(

Exp 1 /age 4 o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

-ig* 6 Lab7ie8 E'uipment $%ec& -orm

$* E'uipment -unctiona)ity $%ec&*

At the beginning o( eac% experiment 5ou *ust also quic/l5 chec/ whether all 5our equip*ent wor/s and whether it is properl5 calibrated( 7elie-e usI a ' *inute chec/ can easil5 sa-e 5ou two hours wor/J +ten it happens that students, too eager to get going with the *easure*ents, +ind out a+ter two hours that none o+ their *easure*ents *a/e an5 sense( +ten the culprit is +ault5 equip*ent, bad inter*ittent leads, bad grounds or un1calibrated instru*ents( .+ 5our *easure*ents during this chec/ show 'K accurac5 or better than 5ou do not need to record these tests in 5our lab noteboo/ or on the equip*ent chec/ list( .+ 5ou get e&cessi-e calibration error, which is not corrected at this point, then 5ou should *a/e a note in 5our lab noteboo/ and on the equip*ent chec/ list(

,* 4sci))oscope and -unction .enerator

1( 4sci))oscope< #ut each scope probe, one at a ti*e, on the scope calibration signal lug( )o pre-ent da*age to the probe1hoo/, clip +irst a clip lead to the test signal lug and hoo/ up the probe hoo/ to the stripped o++ portion o+ the +le&ible wire pro-ided( )his wa5 5ou pre-ent e&cessi-e torque on the probe1hoo/, thus pre-enting the hoo/ to be bent out o+ shape( .nitiall5 each scope is pro-ided with 4 Agilent 10074$ probes, which are actuall5 10<1 attenuators pro-iding a higher load resistance( As long as those are used, the scope auto*aticall5 will displa5 the proper -oltages( .+ other probes are used, then 5ou would ha-e to 3tell the scope4, what attenuation 5our probes present( .n that case the scope will correct +or the attenuation in order to gi-e 5ou the proper readout( ;hen 5ou push 3autoscale4

Exp 1 /age 9 o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

5ou should see a square wa-e o+ 2(' @olt pp a*plitude and o+ about 1(2 /H8 +requenc5( 9a/e sure that 5our wa-e+or* is trul5 3square4( .+ not, then 5ou *ust 3co*pensate4 the probe( .n appendices F (Lab >uide Lines" and L (Agilent DS !014A scilloscope" 5ou will +ind *ore in+or*ation on the 3co*pensation procedure4( 2( -unction .enerator< )he +unction generator has an internal '0 h* output i*pedance( 75 so+tware /e5s it *a5 be set up to one o+ two *odes< a" the Hi M1 9odeI b" the '0 h* 9ode( )hroughout the se*ester the +unction generator should be in the Hi M 9ode( .n that *ode the selected a*plitude o+ the wa-e+or* which is displa5ed on the +unction generator screen will be equi-alent to the internal )he-enin -oltage o+ the +unction generator( .+ 5ou appl5 this wa-e+or* to a high i*pedance load relati-e to the internal '0 h* resistor, then the *easured -oltage across the load should be the sa*e as the displa5ed -oltage( nl5 +or loads closer to the '0 h* -alue the *easured output -oltage will be reduced( .n the '0 h* 9ode the wa-e+or* a*plitude selected will result in a displa5ed -oltage o+ hal+ the -alue( )he '0 h* 9ode is used onl5 i+ 5ou use the +unction generator +or trans*ission line tests, where the input i*pedance and the output i*pedance o+ the trans*ission line is alwa5s '0 h*( )hus, i+ 5ou load the +unction generator b5 a '0 h* trans*ission line, then the scope reading o+ the wa-e+or* a*plitude will be the sa*e as the displa5ed wa-e+or* a*plitude( Simp)y ma&e t%is measurement Set the +unction generator to a sin1wa-e without an5 o++set with a 1 @pp a*plitude and 1 /H8 +requenc5( 9onitor the unloaded output o+ the +unction generator on the oscilloscope( .+ the pea/1to pea/ a*plitude on the scope is 1 @pp, the sa*e as that shown on the +unction generator displa5, then 5our +unction generator is in the proper High M 9ode( .+ this is not the case, then 5ou *ust use the +unction /e5s o+ the +unction generator in order to *a/e a so+tware change to put the +unction generator in the High M *ode( )his procedure is described in Appendi& 7< Function >enerator=Arbitrar5 ;a-e+or* >enerator( Some (unction generators tend to reset to t%e 90 4%m mode 8%en turning o(( t%e po8er* #%us: it is important to ma&e t%is c%ec& anytime 8%en turning on t%e (unction generator* )he Lab@iew +or* o+ Fig( F *ust be +illed out and sub*itted in the beginning o+ each lab( ur technicians ha-e access to the Equip*ent $hec/ List on the EE Dept( Ser-er and the5 can respond *ore quic/l5 i+ serious proble*s results( In case o( serious prob)ems: (or examp)e missing e'uipment: it a)so %e)ps to noti(y t%e instructor*

/art E -unction .enerator and 4sci))oscope Exercise Measurement o( #ransient !esponse o( an !$5Integrator $ircuit

Exp 1 /age ; o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

Each group is gi-en a resistor and a capacitor( Csing the D@9 5ou *ust *easure=record the resistance -alue( Csing the capacitance *eter 5ou *ust also *easure=record the capacitance -alue( /)ease ma&e sure t%at t%e po8er o( t%e cap5meter is turned o(( a(ter use to conserve t%e battery* )hen +or* an 0$1integrator circuit as shown in Fig( 1(

-ig* 4 #ypica) !$5$ircuit to be Measured and Eva)uated by /S/I$E Since 5ou *a5 not 5et ha-e a protoboard in this +irst session, build abo-e circuit si*pl5 b5 twisting together one end o+ the resistor with one end o+ the capacitor( Appl5 to the loose end o+ the resistor a square1wa-e +ro* the H#1+unction generator( $lip the scope probe o+ $hannel 1 to the input o+ the 0$1circuit (@in"( $lip the scope probe o+ $hannel 2 to the 6unction o+ 01 and $1 (@out"( )he blac/ ground clip o+ the +unction generator and the blac/ lead o+ the scope probe should be clipped to the loose end o+ capacitor $1( )he challenge is now to +igure out the settings o+ the +unction generator and oscilloscope so that the oscilloscope screen will displa5 an input -oltage step @in going +ro* 0@ to 1@, and output wa-e+or* @out showing the e&ponentiall5 increasing response +or up to ' ti*e1constants( )hus, 5ou *ust proceed +irst E as will be t5pical throughout the EE124 Lab 1 with a theoretical design=anal5sis( Csing paper and pen 5ou should +irst calculate the ti*e constant o+ this circuit( 2nowing +ro* theor5 that the output wa-e+or* in this case (a single ti*e1constant circuit" will start at 0@, will e&ponentiall5 increase, will reach about !FK o+ the +inal -alue at one ti*e1constant, and will reach NNK o+ the +inal -alue o+ 1 @olt within ' ti*e1constants, 5ou can s/etch this wa-e+or*( :our +unction generator settings and scope settings should be such that you disp)ay bot%: input and output 8ave(orms: (or t%e duration o( 9 time constants( .t is ob-ious that a square wa-e o+ 1@pp, with a dc1o++set o+ 0(' @olts should be set up in the +unction generator( :ou will +ind that throughout all o+ the EE124 Lab e&peri*ents 5ou will ha-e to per+or* +irst the design b5 using paper and pen calculations using the si*pli+ied *odels learnt in the EE124 lecture( )hen, with the proposed -alues 5ou will ha-e to per+or* a paper=pen anal5sis -eri+ication and bac/ this up b5 a #S#.$E anal5sis( nl5 then 5ou will be read5

Exp 1 /age < o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

+or *easure*ents( )he design loop is closed onl5 when the *easure*ents agree with the speci+ications within a certain tolerance li*it( .t is e&pected that *ost students in this lab ha-e learnt #S#.$E in EE122( )o show 5our pro+icienc5 in #S#.$E 5ou *ust per+or* the #S#.$E si*ulation o+ abo-e 0$1circuit in the ti*e1do*ain (transient response" and +requenc5 do*ain (7ode plot"( )his will be a ta/e1ho*e e&ercise to be done in preparation +or Lab 17 (ne&t wee/"( For details please re+er to the portion 3/reLab (or Expt* 1+= in this chapter(

-* 4sci))oscope Screen $apture*

;hen 5ou achie-e acceptable wa-e+or*s on the oscilloscope 5ou will need to per+or* a screen capture( )he procedure +or this is described in Appendi& 10( 9a/e sure that the G#E> picture (Don%t use 79#J" is inserted into a ;ord docu*ent and that the requested .D1in+o is also incorporated in the docu*ent( Assu*e 5ou are in the )uesda5 1FF01 section on Lab Station F and i+ the +ile is generated b5 bot% o+ 5ou( )hen this +ile should be stored on the des/top in the +older Spring200N O E&peri*ent 1 O Station F O )ue1FF0 O StudentA7( )here are also +olders StudentA and Student7 to be populated b5 +iles generated b5 either student alone, respecti-el5( .t is i*portant to store 5our wor/ in the proper +older when requested in order to achie-e e-aluation credit( Note: At the first meeting the folder might not yet be set up as shown above. In that case it is sufficient to save your file in the folder: Spring2009 So that 5ou also ha-e a per*anent paper record 5ou *ust also trans+er this +ile to 5our *e*or5 stic/ or e*ail it to 5our ho*e( At ho*e 5ou need to obtain a printout o+ this docu*ent and insert it, under the tab Lab1, in 5our personal binder(

.* Lab7ie8 !$5Integrator $ircuit #utoria) and >ui?*

A Lab@iew #rogra*, Lab@iew 0$ )utorial ? Aui8 , should be downloaded +ro* the website http<==www(engr(s6su(edu=ee124lab ( )he Lab@iew progra* is a tutorial showing the beha-ior o+ the transient response o+ an 0$1circuit o+ Fig( 4( A practice qui8 should also be ta/en in preparation +or the real Lab@iew qui8 during the lab( Lab7ie8 Exercise Download abo-e Lab@iew progra*( #ractice through the tutorial( )hen practice with the qui8( At this ti*e the qui8 will not be graded( Howe-er, later in the lab we will go to the qui8 again( )hen 5ou will be gi-en a ti*e li*it to do the qui8( :ou *a5 atte*pt it se-eral ti*es within that li*it( )he highest score will be used as 5our grade( E&a*ples o+ the progra* are shown in )ables 1 to 4( #ab)e 1 Instructions (or t%e !$5$ircuit /rogram #utoria)

Exp 1 /age 0 o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

#ab)e 2 Examp)e o( t%e !$5$ircuit /rogram #utoria)

#ab)e 6 Instructions (or t%e t%e !$5$ircuit /rogram >ui?

Exp 1 /age 9 o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

#ab)e 4 Examp)e (or t%e !$5$ircuit /rogram >ui?

/reLab (or Experiment 1+

Exp 1 /age 10 o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

.n preparation +or the ne&t lab students need to de*onstrate their s/ills in #S#.$E( Students with onl5 li*ited #S#.$E e&posure (+or e&a*ple trans+er or graduate students" *a5 boost their #S#.$E /nowledge on their own b5 going to the EE124 Lab website and clic/ing the lin/ #S#.$E -(L(0 )utorial ( )here the5 will +ind an e&cellent #S#.$E tutorial(

1* /S/I$E #ransient Ana)ysis o( !$5$ircuit*

Csing the 0$1$ircuit and co*ponent -alues which 5ou used in E&pt( 1A, obtain the sa*e transient response as 5ou got e&peri*entall5( )he results should show @in and @out si*ilar as in 5our screen capture( Also put the cursor on the @out cur-e at one ti*e constant( Csing the #S#.$E te&t +eature 5ou *ust put on 5our graph an appropriate title and 5our .D in+or*ation( In genera) a)) computer5generated items: be it /S/I$E: Exce)5grap%s: screen captures must %ave computer generated I, in(o on t%e grap%* $opies with hand1generated .D1in+o are not accepted because the true authorship o+ those docu*ents cannot be con+ir*ed( )he docu*ent *ust be placed in 5our personal lab binder under the tab Lab1( )hose personal lab binders alwa5s need to be brought into the lab, read5 +or inspection or grading b5 the lab instructor or assistant(

I* /S/I$E +ode /)ot o( !$5$ircuit*

)his ti*e a 7ode plot o+ the 0$1$ircuit o+ E&pt( 1A needs to be generated b5 #S#.$E( 0e*e*ber that the 7ode plot i*plies that the hori8ontal +requenc5 is in logarith*ic +or*, and the -ertical a&is displa5s @out=@in in d7 (deci7els"( .t is suggested to use ' +requenc5 decades, where the Fd7 brea/point +requenc5 is appro&i*atel5 in the center( )he cursor should be placed at the 1Fd7 point( Show on the graph (b5 te&t entr5" that the 1 1 = #S#.$E f F d corresponds to the theoretical -alue< f Fd = Fd = ( )his 2 2 2!" #S#.$E cur-e with co*puter generated .D1in+o also *ust be placed in 5our personal lab binder under the tab Lab1(

2* /reparation o( /ersona) Lab +inder*

#repare a personal lab binder +or the insertion o+ all the loose lea+ *aterial associated with this lab( )he binder should ha-e the proper .D label on the outside (see Appendi& F, Lab >uide"( Also it should ha-e tabbed separators inside with the labels Lab1, Lab2, PPLab7 and 9isc( .t ser-es as a container +or the lab%s secondar5 in+or*ation li/e #S#.$E, *ore +or*al E&cel graphs and oscilloscope screen captures etc( )he rule o+ thu*b is that the lab noteboo/ still contains pri*ar5 in+or*ation in a hand1written +or* li/e circuit diagra*s, step1b51step e&peri*ent description, hand1 written data (e-en i+ abbre-iated" and scope wa-e+or* s/etches( #%e )ab noteboo& s%ou)d be comp)ete enoug% so t%at a)) t%e secondary data may be extracted (rom it* .nsert into the personal lab binder, under Lab1, the scope screen capture +ro* E&pt( 1A, the #S#.$E 0$1circuit, the #S#.$E transient response, the #S#.$E 7ode plot( n the scope screen capture one o+ the students o+ each group has to scotch1tape the Exp 1 /age 11 o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

0 ? $ co*ponent( In eac% )ab t%e persona) )ab binders %ave to be accessib)e to t%e instructor")ab assistant (or eva)uation* Here is a su**ar5 o+ the ite*s to be put in the personal lab binder< 1( #S#.$E sche*atic o+ 0$1circuit 2( )ransient response o+ 0$1circuit F( 7ode plot o+ 0$1circuit (showing the Fd7 point at the brea/ +requenc5, -ertical scale in d7(@out=@in", hori8ontal +requenc5 scale in log1+or* showing about ' decades( 4( $o*parison )able si*ilar as )able '( #ab)e 9 $omparing /arameters (or !$5$ircuit units Bo*inal 9easured (D@9=cap *eter" $alculated (paper=pen" 9easured (scope" #S#.$E 01 / h* 11111111 11111111 $1 9icro Farad 111111111111 111111111111 tau seconds 1111111111 1111111111 F(1Fd7" H8 1111111111 1111111111 1111111111

3* Lab Noteboo&: /rotoboard: +asic #oo)s

.n the second wee/, E&pt( 17, 5ou *ust bring 5our lab noteboo/, protoboard and basic tools (needle nose pliers, wire cutter and wire stripper"( )he lab noteboo/ require*ents are spelled out in the Appendi& F Lab >uide Lines( 9a/e sure that 5ou label the outside o+ the lab noteboo/ using the te*plate gi-en in the appendi&( For the ti*e being lea-e the +irst 4 pages blan/( )he5 are reser-ed +or the title sheet, table o+ contents and list o+ lab equip*ent( #repare page ' +or E&peri*ent 17 b5 labeling the top 3E&peri*ent 17, scilloscope ? #S#.$E4, using the proper .D1in+o and writing a short abstract(

Lab 1+ Session L* ,etermination o( @n&no8n $omponent in an !$5Integrator $ircuit*

:ou will be gi-en a practical qui8 where 5ou will ha-e to de*onstrate /nowledge o+ the *aterial co-ered in E&pt( 1A( )his qui8 will be e-aluated auto*aticall5 b5 using a Lab@iew progra*( Each group is gi-en rando*l5 a resistor and capacitor( :ou need to Exp 1 /age 12 o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

*easure the resistor -alue using the D@9( )he goal is to *easure the capacitor -alue b5 an indirect *ethod( )o a-oid 3cheating4, the capacitance *eter on 5our lab station will be disabled and 5ou are not allowed to *easure it, i+ 5ou happen to ha-e a capacitance *eter( Csing the circuit con+iguration o+ Fig( 4 and the procedure o+ E&pt( 1A 5ou should e&peri*entall5 deter*ine the ti*e constant o+ 5our circuit, and e&tract the $1-alue +ro* that( At this ti*e both o+ the lab partners should ha-e a protoboard, and 5ou should use one o+ those +or placing the circuit( 9a/e sure to record 5our procedure, circuit, ti*e constant , 0 and $ -alues in 5our lab noteboo/(

M* Lab7ie8 7eri(ication (or @n&no8n Measurement*

A+ter 5our hand1*easure*ents sub*it 5our circuit to the Lab@iew E-aluation test( Hoo/ up @in, @out and ground o+ 5our protoboard to the proper ter*inals o+ the DAA1bo& on 5our #$( 9ore detailed in+o will be pro-ided on the lab1bench( Download the Lab@iew e-aluation progra* b5 clic/ing 3Lab@iew 0$ E-aluation4 on the website http<==www(enger(s6su(edu=ee124lab ( n the resulting Lab@iew panel enter 5our .D in+o, the 01-alue and ti*e1constant which 5ou *easured, the $1-alue which 5ou calculated and clic/ 30un4( Depending on the ti*e constant -alue which 5ou entered, Lab@iew will generate an appropriatel5 ti*ed @in1 squarewa-e, *easure the ti*e1constant o+ @out at the point when @out reaches !FK o+ the stead5 state -alue, and calculate $ +ro* that( .t will co*pare its $1-alue with 5our $1 -alue and grade 5ou depending on the accurac5( )he test is considered to be a +ailure i+ no !FK @out point can be established, indicating wrong hoo/up, incorrect 0,$ -alues or unit errors( )hough the results will be uploaded to the EE Dept( ser-er it is a good polic5 to record the Lab@iew data in 5our lab noteboo/( Also 5ou need to insert in 5our personal lab binder a sheet containing the results( ne o+ the student o+ each group needs to scotch1tape the 0, $ co*ponent on that sheet(

N* Measurement o( t%e ,iode $%aracteristic on t%e Ana)og and ,igita) $urve #racer*
)he purpose o+ this e&ercise is two1+old< 1( :ou should re1acquaint 5oursel+ with si*ple cur-etracer *easure*ents using an analog and a digital cur-etracer( 2( :ou should deter*ine the beha-ior o+ the #B16unction o+ a transistor o+ the L9F04! arra5( )he L9F04! transistor arra5 contains ' *atched B#B1transistors( )his arra5 will be used in E&peri*ent 2 and F +or the construction o+ current1*irrors and di++erential a*pli+iers( .ts data sheet is shown at the end o+ E&pt( 2( .n E&pt( 2 and F we will be using one o+ those transistors to create a re+erence current, where its base1e*itter -oltage biases another transistor, thus re+lecting its re+erence current to the other transistor( .n our cur-etracer *easure*ent we will deter*ine the collector current -ersus the base1e*itter -oltage, i+ the transistor is connected in a 3diode1con+iguration4, where collector and base are tied together, acting as the diode1 anode, while the e*itter acts li/e a diode1cathode( Exp 1 /age 16 o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

;e will plug the L9F04! into a protoboard( ;e will wire it up as shown in Fig( '(

-igure 9 ,iode $onnector #ransistor >1 o( LM604; Array

For *easuring the diode characteristic we will use both, the analog cur-e1tracer (si*ilar as 5ou used in EE122 Lab" and a digital cur-e1tracer( ;e will *easure the @be at three .c currents< 0(1 *A, 1 *A and 10 *A( )he results should be recorded in the lab noteboo/ in a table which loo/s li/e )able !( #ab)e ; !esu)ts o( $urve #racer Measurements o( +E52unction o( LM604; #ransistor Ic AmA 0*1 1 10 Ana)og $# 7be A7B ,igita) $# 7be A7B

Exp 1 /age 14 o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

:ou should con-ince 5oursel+ that the .$ -ersus @be cur-e loo/s li/e the characteristice o+ a +orward1biased Si1diode( At ho*e 5ou should ta/e abo-e *easure*ent results and pro-ide an E&cel (or 9atlab" graph o+ the characteristic, superi*pose on that the *easure*ent points and place that in 5our personal binder( Csing the transistor equation Ic = Is e&p($be = $# " deter*ine .s +ro* the *easure*ent at .cQ1*A and using $# Qther*al -oltage Q /)=q Q 2'*@ at roo* te*perature( )hen plot .c -ersus @be +or 0 Ic 10mA ( Superi*pose on this graph 5our *easured points, add the .D1in+o to it and insert this sheet in 5our personal binder under Lab 1(

4* @se o( C5D Inputs on Scope to Measure LissaEou /atterns*

Students should e&peri*ent with the &15 inputs o+ the scope to generate Lissa6ou patterns b5 using two +unction generators( #atterns as shown in Fig( 2 *a5 be achie-ed(

-igure 9* ,emonstration o( some LissaEou /atterns

Exp 1 /age 19 o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

)hese patterns were generated +ro* two D1, :1 signals and a third signal superi*posed( Another interesting website is< http<==www(-ias(org=basicradio=basicRradioR2FR0N(ht*l (

Lab 1 /ostLab $onc)usion >uestions Ato be done at %omeB

At the end o+ each lab we nor*all5 pose questions +or 5ou to thin/ about( Bor*all5 we don%t as/ 5ou to +or*all5 hand in answers to those questions( Howe-er, the5 are 3+ood +or thought4( :ou *ight see related questions in qui88es, the *idter* or +inal( >uestion 1 )he 0$1circuit o+ Fig( 4 is considered to be an S)$ (single ti*e constant" circuit, one o+ the si*plest ti*e1dependent circuits( $an 5ou thin/ o+ other S$)1circuitsS >uestion 2 How would 5ou recon+igure the circuit o+ Fig( 4 to *a/e a di++erentiatorS ;hat would be its +requenc5 beha-iourS Hint< .n the ti*e do*ain, as well as in the +requenc5 do*ain, thin/ in ter*s o+ initial and +inal conditions to obtain a qualitati-e 3+eel4 +or the circuit beha-iour( >uestion 6 Design an integrator circuit using 0, L co*ponents( >uestion 4 Design a di++erentiator circuit using 0, L co*ponents( >uestion 9 Design a lowpass +ilter using 0, L co*ponents( >uestion ; Design a highpass +ilter using 0, L co*ponents(

Exp 1 /age 1; o( 10

EE124L

Laboratory Experiment Number 1

Spring 2009

Exp 1 /age 1< o( 10