FORMATION ( AFFIRMATIVE, MODAL VERBS USE possibility, ability and permission in the CAN present or future. neg.

- logical impossibility INTERROGATIVE, NEGATIVE) I can speak many languages. Can I go to the party? She cant be at home, I saw her 1 minutes ago.

ability, possibility and permission in the COULD past or in polite re!uests

"e could swim when he was only four. Could you help me, please? I couldnt understand him.

ability and opportunity in the past, BE ABLE TO present or future #specific occasion$

I am able to get all the work done. %ere you able to stop the car in time? &hey wont be able to stop it.

possible and probable actions in the MAY future' permissions and possible conditions possible actions in the future or MIGHT improbable e*ents or situations.

(ou may telephone from here. )ay I take a photo? "e may not go to the party. "es sick. I might be working late tomorrow. "e might not be at home. %hat might happen?

obligation, necessity, deduction' in the MUST negati*e form - prohibition

(ou must take your medication regularly. )y glasses must be here somewhere. "e mustnt tell anyone what I said.

+bligation HAVE TO

I ha*e to work on Sundays. ,o you ha*e to get your passport? She doesnt ha*e to go to the dentist.

facts in the future, predictions, WILL in*itations, characteristic beha*iour

Ill wait for you if you like. %ill you ha*e a cup of tea? Shes on diet. She wont eat at all.

WOULD

past prediction, prediction about a possible situation' politeness' past of -will. offers, suggestions

"ow about a cup of tea? &hat would be nice. %ould you go without me? I wouldnt go without you. Shall I close the window? Shall we dance?

SHALL ad*ice' past form of -shall.' logical SHOULD conse!uence

(ou should accept the /ob. Should we tell him the news? She shouldnt be so shy.

saying what is the right thing to do OUGHT TO

She ought to be working. (ou oughtnt to forget your obligations.

0$ Complete the sentences with appropriate modal *erbs. 1. 111111111111 you 111111111111 to get up early? 2. &heyre ha*ing a baby. &hey 111111111111 ha*e to buy a bigger house. 3. Im sorry I 111111111111 help you with your homework. 4. 111111111111 we go out tonight? 5. %hy dont you apply for that /ob? (ou 111111111111 get it. 6. I think we 111111111111 do something to stop pollution. 7. 111111111111 I borrow this book? 8. )y wife is waiting for me. I 111111111111 not be late. 9$ %rite a second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. :se the words in brackets. 1. ;erhaps )ary is doing o*ertime. #may$ 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111 2. I managed to go to uni*ersity. #able$ 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111 3. &hey should think *ery well before acting. #ought$ 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111 4. Its forbidden to smoke here. #mustnt$ 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111 5. Its impossible for you to see it at this distance. #cant$ 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111 6. It is possible that 0nne did not see the message. #might$

11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111 7. I ad*ise you to study more in order to pass the e<am. # should$ 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111 8. She was able to play the piano when she was only four. #could$ =. 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111

C$ Complete the con*ersation between Sarah and her mother. Sarah> )on, #1$ 111111111111 I go to the cinema with Susan? )other> ?o, you #2$ 111111111111. (ou #3$ 111111111111 study for tomorrows test. (ou #4$ 111111111111 be more responsible. Sarah> 9ut, mom, you #5$ 111111111111 at least let me rent a mo*ie to see later on with Susan? )other> +@, you #6$ 111111111111 do that. 9ut you #7$ 111111111111 start studying right now. (ou #8$ 111111111111 impro*e your marks. Susan> I #=$ 111111111111 like to, but I dont know if I #1 $ 111111111111.

0nswer key

0$ 1. ,oA ha*e' 2. will' 3. cant'

4. Shall' 5. might' 6. should' 7. Can' 8. must 9$ 1. )ary may be doing o*ertime. 2. I was able to go to uni*ersity. 3. &hey ought to think *ery well before acting. 4. (ou mustnt smoke here. 5. (ou cant see it at this distance. 6. 0nne might not ha*e seen the message. 7. (ou should study more to pass the e<am. 8. She could play the piano when she was only four. C$ 1. can B may 2. cant B may not 3. ha*e to 4. should 5. could 6. can B may 7. ha*e to 8. ha*e to =. would 1 . can