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Glorified be He who carried His servant from Masfid al-Harm to
Masfid al-Aqs, the precincts of which We have blessed so that We
may show him of Our Signs. Jerily He is the All-Hearing, the All-
Seeing.` (Holy Qurn, Srah al-Isr (17), Jerse 1)
As Compiled by
Mullah Muhammad Faidh al-Kashani
Translated by
Saleem Bhimji
4 Meraj : The Night Ascension
Meraj : The Night Ascension
From the narration of Mullah Muhammad Faidh al-Kashani
Translated by Saleem Bhimji
Edited by Arifa Hudda
National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data
Al-Kashani, Muhammad Faidh
Me`raj: the night ascension
Translation of: Me`raj.
ISBN 1-894701-12-7
1. Muhammad, Prophet, d. 632. I. Islamic Humanitarian
Service. II. Title.
BP166.57.A5 2001 297.6`.33 C2001-902760-5
PUBLISHED BY
ISLAMIC HUMANITARIAN SERVICE
81 Hollinger Crescent
KITCHENER, ONTARIO, CANADA, N2K-2Y8
TEL: (519) 576-7111 FAX: (519) 576-8378
E-MAIL: IHSAL-HAQQ.COM HTTP: // WWW.AL-HAQQ.COM
Copyright 2001 Islamic Humanitarian Service
All Rights Reserved
This book is sold subject to the condition that no part thereof shall by way
of trade or otherwise be reproduced or otherwise circulated in any form or
binding or cover other than how it is published, without the prior written
permission of the Islamic Humanitarian Service, except for purposes of
tabligh and inviting others to the faith of al-Islam.
Those wishing to re-publish this work as a waqf project or for any other
purpose are humbly requested to contact the publishers.
Meraj : The Night Ascension 5
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Meraj : The Night Ascension 9
Ju/1e o1 Con1en1s
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Qur'anic Roots of the Meraj ............................................................. 13
The History Behind the Heavenly Journey........................................ 16
The Physical Ascension..................................................................... 17
Introduction ....................................................................................... 23
The Location of Ascent ..................................................................... 27
Method of Meraj............................................................................... 29
A Stone in Hell .................................................................................. 33
Prophet Adam.................................................................................... 35
Angel of Death .................................................................................. 37
People who Eat Forbidden Food........................................................ 39
The Angel who was Supplicating...................................................... 40
Backbiters .......................................................................................... 41
Those who Take the Wealth of the Orphan or Take Interest ............. 42
Women who Committed Indecent Acts............................................. 43
Praising of the Angels........................................................................ 44
Prophet Yahya and Prophet Isa -.................................................... 45
Prophet Yusuf ,............................................................................... 46
Prophet Idris ,.................................................................................. 47
Prophet Harun ,............................................................................... 48
A Very Tall Man................................................................................ 49
Commanded to Perform Cupping' .................................................... 50
Prophet Ibrahim ,............................................................................. 51
Rivers of Light and Darkness ............................................................ 52
An Amazing Creation........................................................................ 53
Angels with Feathers ......................................................................... 54
Bait al-Mamur .................................................................................. 56
At Sidratul Muntaha .......................................................................... 58
Discourse of Imam Jafar as-Sadiq ,............................................... 61
Supplication....................................................................................... 62
Adhan ................................................................................................ 63
Salat ................................................................................................... 65
Returning from the Meraj................................................................. 68
The Voice of Ali ,During the Meraj ............................................ 70
10 Meraj : The Night Ascension
Meraj : The Night Ascension 11
Preface
he Prophet oI Islam 0 began his historical night
journey, along with the trusted protector oI the
revelation, the Angel Jibril Irom the house oI Umm al-
Han, the daughter oI his uncle and sister oI Amr al-
Mo`minn Al ,, in the blessed city oI Makkah. With the aide oI
his steed al-Burq, he traveled to Bait al-Muqaddas, which (at that
time) was located in the country oI Jordan and is also known as
Masjid al-Aqsa (the Furthest Masjid). He disembarked at this place
and in a very short period oI time, visited various places inside the
Masjid - including Bait al-Laham, the birthplace oI Isa al-Masih
,, in addition to the houses and other important places oI the
various Prophets. In some oI these places, he even recited a two
Rakat Salat.
In the next stage (oI his journey) he traveled Irom this spot to the
heavens, where he was witness to the celestial bodies and the entire
universe. He spoke with the spirits oI the (previous) Prophets and
the Angels; he saw Irom very close both Paradise and Hell; and the
various stages and levels oI the people oI Paradise and those in Hell.
It was these unknowns oI the creation, the secrets oI the origin oI
the Universe, the expanse oI the world oI creation, and the unlimited
power oI Allah the Highest, that he was given complete knowledge
oI.
Subsequently, he continued on with his journey until he reach ed
to the region known as Sidratul Muntah, a place that was covered
in grandeur and magniIicence. It was Irom this same path that he
traversed that he returned, and upon coming back, once again visited
to Bait al-Muqaddas, proceeded on to Makkah and then to his home.
On the return trip, he came across a trade caravan Irom the tribe oI
12 Meraj : The Night Ascension
the Qurash who during their journey had lost one oI their camels
which they were searching Ior. The Prophet drank Irom the water
that the people oI the caravan had with them and by the rising oI the
morning sun, reached back to the house oI Umm al- Han.
Upon his return, the Prophet told Umm al- Han oI the secrets
(that he saw) and that evening, in a gathering oI the people oI the
Qurash, liIted all the curtains oI the secrets oI the Meraj and his
journey and opened their minds to this event. The word oI his
travels spread Irom mouth to mouth amongst all the groups, and
now more than ever, the Qurash were upset (with him).
The Qurash, as was their old-time habit, belied the Prophet and
in the gathering, a man stood up and asked iI there was anyone in
Makkah who has seen Bat al-Muqaddas so that he could ask the
Prophet 0 in regards to the physical building. Not only did the
Prophet 0 describe the physical particularities oI Bat al-
Muqaddas, rather, he even inIormed them oI the event that took
place between Makkah and Bat al-Muqaddas - and it was not long
aIter that the travelers (oI that caravan) reported the exact events (as
had occurred).
Meraj : The Night Ascension 13
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The Heavenly Journey oI the Prophet oI Islam 0 has been
straight-Iorwardly explained in two Surahs oI the Qur`an. In other
Surahs as well, we see allusions to this journey.
In the Surah al-Isra (Surah 17 - also known as Ban Isral), it is
mentioned:
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Will you then argue with him about what he saw? He certainly
saw him (Jibril) during his other ascent to the Lote-tree (in the
seven heavens) near which is Paradise. When the tree was covered
with a covering, (Muhammads) eyes did not deceive him, nor did
they lead him to falsehood. He certainly saw the greatest (signs) of
the existence of his Lord.`
2
2
Surah al-Najm, Verses 12 to 18
16 Meraj : The Night Ascension
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The date oI the Meraj oI the Prophet oI Islam 0 has been
recorded by two major Muslim historians, Ibn Ishq and Ibn
Hishm, as being in the 10
th
year oI Bithah (appointment to
Prophethood). The great Muslim historian, Baihaqi has recorded
this event as occurring in the 12
th
year oI Bithah. Others have
mentioned it as occurring in the beginning oI the Bithah, and some
mentioned it as being between these two dates.
Sometimes, to rationalize between these diIIerent views, it is has
been said that the Prophet oI Islam went on the Meraj more than
once. However, it should be mentioned that that Meraj in which
the daily Salat was made incumbent, without doubt, occurred beIore
the death oI Abu Talib ,, who passed away in the 10
th
year oI
Bithah. Unmistakably, Irom the ahadth and books oI history, it is
mentioned that on the night oI Meraj, Allah gave the order oI the
Iive daily Salat as being mandatory upon the Islamic Nation.
Meraj : The Night Ascension 17
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It has been an on-going discussion and debate Ior hundreds oI
years concerning the method oI travel oI the Holy Prophet during
the Meraj. Many things have been said regarding this journey and
its being physical or only spiritual even though Irom the Qur`an and
the ahadth there is no doubt that it was a physical ascension.
However, one problem Irom the point oI view oI science
prevented some people in believing the reality and thus, the Meraj
oI the Prophet oI Islam 0was recorded as being simply spiritual.
Another group went a step Iurther and believed that this complete
event was simply a dream and that the Prophet experienced the
Meraj during his sleep!
However, the response oI the Qurash, aIter hearing about the
Meraj oI the Prophet 0, clearly shows that the journey through
the diIIerent worlds was not something that was seen in a dream
because then it would have had no meaning and iI the Qurash could
have just called the dream oI the Prophet a lie and they would not
have created all the commotion (that they did).
Others have said that the Meraj oI the Prophet 0was nothing
more than spiritual in meaning and it was because his deep
contemplation and thought Ior the creations oI Allah , the
witnessing oI the greatness and beauty oI His creations, and his
being entirely submerged in the thought and remembrance oI the
Truth, and thus, the physical restrictions and spiritual closeness (that
the Prophet encountered) are beyond explanation.
18 Meraj : The Night Ascension
However, this type oI spiritual ascension and closeness is
something that anyone with a clear conscience and pure heart can
attain. Nevertheless, the Qur`an relates that this distinct ascension
oI the Prophet is one oI the peculiarities oI the Noble Prophet
0 and this trip which he was taken through was something extra-
ordinary, since many a nights did the Prophet oI Islam 0
experience a state oI spiritual ascension and closeness (to his
Creator), whereas this physical Ascension was one that took place
on a particular night.
It must be mentioned that the Greek hypothesis which was put
Iorth by Bartholomew, who Ior close to two thousand years was
well recognized in the scientiIic circles oI the east and west, also Iell
into error. He was oI the belieI that all physical entities that exist in
this world are oI two divisions: elemental and celestial. By
elemental he meant the Iour known elements which are: water,
ground, wind and fire. The Iirst sphere that comes to our attention
is the sphere oI the ground, which is the center oI the universe.
AIter that, it is the sphere oI water, Iollowed by that oI the wind,
and the Iourth, is that oI the Iire. Each oI these Iour spheres are
related to the other. It is Irom here that the spheres come to an end
and the celestial bodies start.
The meaning oI the celestial bodies are the nine celestial planes,
which just like the various skins oI an onion, are related to one
another but do not have the ability oI tearing nor becoming united
(as one). There is not a single creature which by its own leave is
able to traverse within these boundaries, since this would call Ior the
separation oI the levels oI the celestial bodies.
Meraj : The Night Ascension 19
Since the physical Meraj involved travelling upwards Irom this
world, and passing through the Iour levels oI the elemental world
and then piercing through the celestial boundaries - one aIter the
other until all Iour had been split, and since this act was not correct
according to the scientiIic belieIs oI the Greeks, thus the physical
Meraj too was not possible (according to the theory oI
Bartholomew).
In reality, this theory held weight Ior that time period in which
the hypothesis oI Bartholomew had strength and a Iollowing.
Fortunately, his ideas which were completely baseless, have been
made apparent today and have lost all oI their value.
The same goes Ior the scientists who study Natural Science and
try to Iind a tangible reason Ior everything that happens and Ior
every event that occurs and who look Ior a natural or sci entiIic
consequence their ideas too have lost their value. Similarly, those
people who accepted the hypothesis oI Bartholomew were at the
IoreIront oI denying the Meraj oI the Prophet 0 and thought that
the heavenly journey went against the scientiIic and natural laws oI
today natural laws such as: the law oI gravity oI the earth; its
speed oI travel oI 25,000 miles per hour; the weightlessness oI an
object that is outside oI the airspace oI earth; the Iact that it is not
possible to breathe the air that is outside our atmosphere; the various
cosmic rays; meteorites and air pressure; and the speed oI light that
goes at the speed oI approximately 300,000 kilometers a second;
and other such examples.
Fortunately however, it must be known that through scientiIic
research and investigation, the space scientists oI the East and the
20 Meraj : The Night Ascension
West, by launching the very Iirst rocket in the year 1957, named
Sputnik, were able to demonstrate to mankind with ease, that they
could overcome such problems as the gravitational pull, cosmic
rays, problems with breathing in space, and others, through various
technologically designed and built equipment and instruments.
Even today, the space science research is ever increasing and the
scientists and researchers are conIident that in a matter oI time, they
will be able to place liIe on one oI the planets in our solar-system;
just as today, they have opened up the exploration to the moon and
the planet Mars.
These scientiIic progresses and advancements in technology a nd
industry are a clear prooI that such a celestial travel (that oI the
Prophet oI Islam on the night oI Meraj) is possible and can not be
classiIied as something that was impossible.
That which is certain and in which there can be no doubt is the
Iact that everything mankind can do today through various human-
created ways and means, the Prophets were able to perIorm by the
grace oI Allah and without the apparent and external means.
ThereIore, we see that the Prophet oI Islam 0by the will oI
Allah was taken on the Meraj, and all that exists in it belongs to
Him and He is the designer and Iashioner oI this amazing and
perIectly arranged system. It is He who has given the earth its`
gravitational pull, has given the sun its cosmic rays, and i t is He
who has given the air its various levels; and anytime He wants to,
He is able to take all oI these back and put a halt to them all. Also,
it must be known that in reIerence to miracles, natural events and
the power oI mankind, all oI these are independent issues and never
can the inIinite power oI Allah be compared to the limited power
and ability oI mankind.
Meraj : The Night Ascension 21
Bringing alive those who are dead, converting a staII into a
snake, splitting the moon, keeping alive the Prophet Yunus in the
belly oI a whale in the depths oI the ocean, and many other mirac les
such as these which have been mentioned in other heavenly books,
conIirm the Iact that no uncertainty can be placed on the Meraj oI
the Prophet.
Thus, all oI the natural occurrences and all the external obstacles
were demolished and conquered by the intention oI the Maintainer
oI the Universe. His will and intention are not only limited to issues
that are impossible rather, any time that He wishes to perIorm any
action, He is able to whether mankind has the ability to perIorm it
or not.
Further, that person, who in recognizing Allah has reached to
that level oI true cognizance oI his Creator and the attributes and
characteristics which are exclusive to Him, and who recognizes
Allah as the One who is Eternal, Ever-Lasting and the All- PowerIul
Creator whose power and intention is above all things, will much
more quickly accept (these Iacts and occurences). Other people
(who have not reached to that level oI cognizance oI their Creator),
through a little bit oI study and research and wi th a deep and precise
understanding along with the correct outlook on the world too will
accept and acknowledge the truth.
The treatise oI the Meraj according to the narration oI Faidh
al-Kashan, which is in your hands is a collection oI narrat ions taken
Irom the speech oI Imam JaIar as-Sadiq (peace be upon him) as
compiled by the late Muhaddith and great Philosopher and Thinker
Faidh al-Kashan as taken Irom his well known book, 'Nawdir al-
22 Meraj : The Night Ascension
Akhbr,
3
` which is a collection oI ahadth on the topic oI Usul ad-
Dn.
It goes without saying that the complete collection oI ahadth in
regards to the Meraj can be read in Bihr al-Anwr from Allamh
Maflisi, volume 18, page 282, volume 26, page 86, volume 36, page
162 and 245, volume 39, page 158, volume 70, page 6, volume 76,
page 146 and 184, and volume 93, page 93.
Haw:a Ilmiyyah of Qum
Mahdi Ansri Qummi
Spring 1376 (1997)
3
The Iull title oI this book is Nawdir al-Akhbr fim Yatalaqu
biusl ad-Dini, written by Faidh al-Kashan, research by Mahd
Ansar, printed by the Research Department oI the Faculty oI
Humanities, Tehran, 1376
Meraj : The Night Ascension 23
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In the Name oI Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most MerciIul
All praise belongs solely to Allh, the Lord of all the Worlds, the
Fashioner of all the Creations. And prayers of Allh be upon our
Master Muhammad and his family - the Righteous and the Pure,
especially al-Imm al-Muntazar al-Mahdi, Shib a:-Zamn, may
the best greetings and salutations be upon him and may the
perpetual curse be upon all of their enemies until the Day of
Resurrection.
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And then, Allah the Highest has said in His Noble book and His
established great speech:
24 Meraj : The Night Ascension
Glorified be He who carried His servant from Masfid al-Harm
to Masfid al-Aqs, the precincts of which We have blessed, so that
We may show him of Our Signs. Jerily He is the All-Hearing, the
All-Seeing.`
One oI the spiritual and soul inspiring events that took place
during the liIetime oI our distinguished Prophet Muhammad 0was
the Meraj. This incident is considered as one oI the indisputable
events oI history and is a part oI our religious belieI. Every Muslim,
in accordance with the clear verses oI the Qur`an, in addition, to the
reliable chains oI history, believe in the Meraj.
In the Sha teachings, the belieI in the Meraj is a part oI the
principal belieIs such that is has been narrated Irom Imam JaIar ibn
Muhammad al-Sadiq and Irom Imam Al ibn Musa al-Rida -that:
.. . .' - _- .' - -~ \~|
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One who denies (any of these) three things is not among our Shia
(followers). the Merf, the questioning in the grave and ash-
Shafah (intercession).`
The book that you have in your hands deals with the event oI
Meraj oI the Final Prophet 0 - that this base servant, aIter
research Irom various books, ahadth and reliable events oI history
has compiled in the Iorm oI a booklet.
My purpose Ior (compiling) thi s was to keep it condensed, since
up until now, the Meraj oI that great man (Muhammad) has not
Meraj : The Night Ascension 25
been presented in a summarized and beneIicial manner. It is hoped
that the dear readers will Iorgive the mistakes and slips oI the pen.
`~' , ' ' , ' , - ` ` =
Muhammad Faidh al-Kshni
26 Meraj : The Night Ascension
Meraj : The Night Ascension 27
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Among the writers oI history and the elucidators oI the Holy
Quran there is a dispute in regards to the place oI commencement
oI the Meraj oI the Noble Prophet 0. Did it start Irom the house
oI Umm Han (the sister oI Amr al-Mo'minn 'Al ibn Ab Talib) or
Irom Masjid al-Haram - since the complete city oI Makkah was
called and reIerred to as Masjid al-Haram? From the apparent
reading oI the verse, it began Irom Masjid al- Haram. Thus, the
Meraj journey oI the Prophet oI Allah 0 was Irom Masjid al-
Haram to Masjid al-Aqsa - the Bat al-Muqaddas.
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This trip - meaning the Meraj oI the Noble Prophet 0- took
place at night and the meaning oI Masjid al-Aqsa (the Furthest
Masjid) is the same as the Bat al-Muqaddas.
Allah in the Noble Qur'an says:
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