World War II

By: Amber Heard, Judith Gilles, Jessica Kosharek, and Bray D. Drury

The League Nations

The League of Nations started after World War 1 From the beginning it was weak because the US and the USSR did not join. They did not force anyone to take action. Lacked an armed force of their own. they did not prevent what they were trying to stop.

Europe
England, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Belgium, and other surrounding nations were in ruins Millions of people were killed or wounded

Agricultural production was put on hold by war effects

Was assisted by United States from the start

Geographical Changes
Map of Europe in 1939 It has been like this since post World War 1

Pre-World War II
Before the war had even started Germany and the Soviet Union signed the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact. Which means they agreed not to have any military conflict for 10 years(August 23, 1939). Hitler used the pact as a way to make sure they were able to invade Poland. On March 15, 1939, Germany invaded Czechoslovakia, which broke the agreement it had signed with Great Britain and France the year before in Munich, Germany.

Germanys Expansion During the War

Conference of Potsdam
Meeting in summer 1945 Great Britain, the US and the USSR the conflict between the new world powers was growing made the decision that Germany is going to become a democratic country

The Cold War

after World War 2 the east-west conflict was growing the United States and the Soviet Union were more and more against each other both wanted supremacy in Europe they had two completely different political systems USA was concerned about the leader of the soviet union Joseph Stalin Germany was separated into east and west

The United Nations

In 1945 50 nations meet to sign the UN charter. The UN did not take effect until October 24 1945

The primary purposes of the United Nations are

to keep the peace, encourage respect for human rights, create conditions under which justice and respect for international laws and treaties can be achieved, and promote social progress and better standards of living throughout the world (History of United Nation). The UN is more prepared and stronger than the League of Nations

Security Council
The League of Nations did not have a security council which made them even more weak. The security council is made up of fifteen countries. there are five permanent seats that belong to China, France, Russia Federation, USA, and the United Kingdom. The other 10 seats are given to other countries for a two year term each. The Security Council is in charge of maintaining world peace and security. They can also say who can become a member of the UN or not.

Goals of both groups

League of Nations
Disarmament preventing war through collective security setting disputes between countries improving global welfare

United Nations
To create a world free of war To bring justice and equality To help the poor people of the world To encourage friendly relations between states

Post WWII
The Soviets then expelled a large number of Poles from their homes in the eastern regions and resettled them in the west after evicting millions of Germans living there. By 1949, six million Poles had been resettled in the Regained Lands. Today, Poland still retains the borders agreed to by the Allied leaders during the war.

Germany was divided into four parts. The zones were supposed to be controlled by Great Britain, the United States, France, and the Soviet Union. The 3 western Allies and the Soviet Union disagreed on a lot of things and as time went on Germany was divided into 2 separate countries: East Germany which had a communist government and West Germany which was a democratic state. Berlin was also divided into East and West. Austria was another country they controlled by the 4 allies from 1945 to 1955.

Europe in 1948, map shows political divisions

Post WWII
Almost three million ethnic Germans were expelled from the Sudetenland to Germany. In 1946 Czechoslovakia and Hungary agreed to transfer 120,000 Slovaks living in Hungary to Czechoslovakia, and 120,000 Hungarians in Slovakia were transferred to Hungary. Although the Potsdam Declaration dictated that transfers "should be effected in an orderly and humane manner," the transfers were violent. After the end of the war, a conference was held in Potsdam, Germany to set up peace treaties. The borders of Poland were reshaped, leading to a population shift on an enormous scale. Poland was given Regained Lands in the west. Even though it was given lands Poland became 20% smaller.

Germany
After the Declaration of Berlin, the 4 winners governed Germany Country was separated into 4 parts 23rd may 1949 the republic of Germany was found in West Germany In the east part was the DDR (German Democratic Republic) found at the same time in East Germany

USA
USA entrenched themselves as a global power Reason was the political and financial development in europe Helped the european countries to rebuild their countries with the Marshall Plan

Soviet Union
Was another world power after World War 2 It was governed by communism Didnt wanted to participate in the Marshall Plan Joined with other eastern european countries to form the Warsaw Pact

Marshall Plan
economical emergency in Germany Marshalls goal was to stem world communism 5th June 1947 he offered European states to help with rebuilding and financial support requirement was being a democratic country and a country with free market system The Soviet Union refused Most of the western european countries agreed

Marshall Plan
Was designed as a way to help rebuild the western European countries economic systems after World War II.

Marshall Plan

George Kennan approved it 16 western European nations became part of it Nations received about $13 billion in aid Given supplies was food, fuel, staples (food rations), and machinery Rationed food included sugar, meat, coffee, typewriters, fuel, oil, gasoline, rubber, and automobiles. Marshall Plan funding ended in 1951 Nations receiving help greatly increased economic recovery

Berlin Blockade
Soviet Union saw a violation against common administration of the town June 24th 1948 they blocked all ways to Berlin They limited gasoline and electricity in west and east Berlin The only possibility to supply the people was through the air During 1948/1949 over 200,000 flights provided essential goods May 12th 1949 it ends after a long negotiation and the discernment that the blockade failed.

Defense organizations
Pact of Warsaw NATO foundation date foundation members May 14th 1955 Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechslovakia, east Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania April 4th 1949 US, Canada, Belgium, Iceland, Denmark, Luxembourg, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal

purpose

Defense organization against western countries

Defense organization against communism and eastern european countries

End result of Marshall Plan

United States became became the world's most important economic power By 1951 most of Germany was rebuilt and in better conditions The Marshall Plan also helped with imports and exports of many countries After the war it was even offered to the eastern states

Review
Germany was separated after World War 2 The cold war was the conflict between the western and the eastern countries European recovery program, helped the european countries the eastern countries didnt participate the NATO is a defense organisation against the eastern countries the pact of Warsaw is a defense organisation against western countries

Review
Marshall plan was officially in place June 5th, 1947 It was an aid to many after World War II to help rebuild most western European countries economic systems 16 nations became a part of the Marshall plan The Marshall plan funding ended in 1951 Most production of everything was put on hold during the war United States was really the only country to keep

Work cited
Graham, James. "Spatial History Project." Spatial History Project. James Graham, 2007. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. "Die Welt nach 1945 Politik im Zeichen des Ost-West-Konflikts." Konradin Medien GmbH. (2014): n. page. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. Michael, Thomas. "Europa nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg (1949)." Bildungshaus Schulbuchverlage Westermann Schroedel Schningh Winklers GmbH. n. page. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. Foner , Eric. "Berlin Blockade." History. A&E Television Networks, LLC. . Web. 24 Feb 2014. 1950. Poster. Haus der Geschichte.Web. 25 Feb 2014. Potsdamer Konferenz. N.d. Photograph. Deutsches Historisches Museum.Web. 25 Feb 2014.

Heineman. "1948label Maps." 1948label Maps. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.

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Watters, Steven 'The League of Nations',nzhistory. updated 20 December 2012.web. 17 February

2014
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Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons IAEA. 2010.Web. 21 February 2014

n.pThe Security Council United Nations Security Council.n.d.web. 27 February 2014