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Useful Formulae in Advanced Level Physics A1. A2. A3. A4. a= v = w 2r r
2

centripetal acceleration simple harmonic motion angular momentum of a rigid body torque on a rotating body

a = w 2c
L = Iw

.T =
E=

dL dt 1 2 Iw 2

A5.

energy stored in a rotating body

B1.

v=

T m
E r

velocity of transverse wave motion in a stretched string

B2. B3. B4. B5. B6.

v=

velocity of longitudinal wave motion in a solid refractive index and polarizing angle fringe width in double-slit interference diffraction grating equation

n = tan q p d=

lD a

d sin q = nl

u - u0 f '= f ( ) u - us 10 log10 ( I2 ) I1

Doppler frequency

B7.

definition of the decibel

C1.

F= V =

Gm1 m2 r2 GM r

Newtons law of gravitation

C2. C3. C4.

gravitational potential Keplers third law electric field due to a point charge

r3 / T2 = constant
E= Q 4pe 0 r 2 Q 4pe 0 r

C5.

V =

electric potential due a point charge

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C6.
E= C= V d Q e0 A = V d

electric field between parallel plates (numerically)

C7. C8. C9. C10. C11. C12. C13. C14. C15.

capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor decay of charge with time when a capacitor discharges rise of charge with time when charging a capacitor energy stored in a capacitor general current flow equation resistance and resistivity force on a moving charge in a magnetic field force on a current carrying a conductor in a magnetic field Hall voltage

Q = Qo e -t / RC Q = Qo (1 - e -t / RC ) E= 1 CV 2 2

I = nAuQ R=
rl A

F = BQu sin q

F = BI sin q V= BI nQt
m0I 2pr m 0 NI l m 0 I1 I 2 2pr

C16. C17. C18.

B= B= F=

magnetic field inside a long straight wire magnetic field inside long solenoid force per unit length between long parallel straight current carrying conductors

C19.

T = BAN sin f E = BANw sin wt

torque on a rectangular current carrying coil in a uniform magnetic field simple generator e.m.f. ratio of secondary voltage to primary voltage in a transformer e.m.f. induced in an inductor energy stored in an inductor reactance of an inductor
2

C20. C21. C22. C23. C24.

Vs N s Vr N r
E = - LdI / dt E=
1 2 LI 2

X L = wL

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C25. C26. C27.
XC =
1 wC

reactance of a capacitor power in an a.c. circuit

RL RB

P = IVCOS q
DVout / DVin = - b

voltage gain of transistor amplifier in the common emitter configuration

C28. C29.

Vo = Ao (V+ - V- ) A=Rf Ri Rf Ri

output voltage of op amp (open-loop) gain of inverting amplifier

C30. D1. D2.

A = 1+

gain of non-inverting amplifier equation of state for an ideal gas kinetic theory equation

pV = nRT = NkT
pV = Ek =
1 Nmc 2 3 3RT 3 = kT 2N A 2

D3.

molecular kinetic energy

D4.

E= E=

F x / A L
1 Fx 2

macroscopic definition of Young modulus

D5.

energy stored in stretching

D6. D7. D8.

F =-

dU dr

relationship between force and potential energy microscopic interpretation of Young modulus Bernoullis equation

E = .k / r
1 2 rv + rgh 2 = constant

P+

D9. D10. D11. D12.

U = Q + W
En = 13.6 eV n2

first law of thermodynamics energy level equation for hydrogen atom law of radioactive decay half-life and decay constant
3

N = N o e - kt

t1 =
2

ln 2 k

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D13. D14.
1 2 mu m = hv - f 2

Einsteins photoelectric equation mass-energy relationship

E = mc2