Self-medication

Self-medication is the use of drugs or self-soothing forms of behavior to

treat a perceived or real malady. Self-medication is often referred to in the
context of a person self-medicating, in order to alleviate their own distress or
pain.
As different drugs have different effects, they may be used for different
reasons. According to the self-medication hypothesis (SMH), the individuals’
choice of a particular drug is not accidental or coincidental, but instead, a result
of the individuals’ psychological condition, as the drug of choice provides relief to
the user specific to his or her condition. Specifically, addiction is hypothesized to
function as a compensatory means to modulate affects and treat distressful
psychological states, whereby individuals choose the drug that will most
appropriately manage their specific type of psychiatric distress and help them
achieve emotional stability.
drug dependence is an avoidance behavior, where an individual finds a
drug that produces a temporary escape from a problem, and taking the drug is
reinforced as an operant behavior.

Some mental illness sufferers attempt to correct their illnesses by use of

certain drugs. Depression is often self medicated with alcohol, tobacco,
cannabis, or other mind-altering drug use. While this may provide immediate
relief of some symptoms such as anxiety, it may evoke and/or exacerbate some
symptoms of several kinds of mental illnesses that are already latently present
and may lead to addiction/dependence, among other side effects of long-term
use of the drug.
Sufferers of post-traumatic stress disorder have been known to self-
medicate, as well as many individuals without this diagnosis whom have suffered
from (mental) trauma.
Due to the different effects of the different classes of drugs, the SMH
postulates that the appeal of a specific class of drugs differs from person to
person. In fact, some drugs may be aversive for individuals for whom the effects
could worsen affective deficits

Self-medication is often seen as gaining personal independence from

established medicine. In the United States the prohibitive cost of modern health
care is a contributory factor.

Self medicating excessively for prolonged periods of time with

benzodiazepines or alcohol often make the symptoms of anxiety or depression
worse. This is believed to occur as a result of the changes in brain chemistry
from long-term use.[18][19][20][21][22] Approximately half of patients attending mental
health services for conditions including anxiety disorders such as panic disorder
or social phobia are the result of alcohol or benzodiazepine dependence

Fortune
Fortune, Fortune ,all men called thee fickle”

Advertising
Advertising surrounds us in our everyday lives, and advertisers use
countless means to catch the customer's eye, including sexuality, celebrity
appeal, fantasy, comedy, and plain old creativity. This is evident in the following
analysis of two ads, one for Calvin Klein perfume and one for Scope mouthwash,
appearing in the same issue of Cosmopolitan magazine. While both ads target
the same audience, Calvin Klein focuses on fantasy and celebrity appeal, while
Scope utilizes creativity.

Describes how advertisers use a variety of tactics to target particular

groups, such as young teens, to market their product or campaign. Describes the
use of simple and honest advertising campaigns. Focuses on the campaign, "My
Anti-Drug" found in Seventeen magazines.

Advertisements are marketed to attract consumers to materialistic goods,

they create an infatuation for perfection and for beauty. This infatuation may
sound harmless, but it puts young adults on a path for desperate desire for
acceptance and normality. When young adults find themselves on this path, they
cannot judge what normality is, and define it as perfection.:
Basic descriptions of the three main categories of advertisements:
commercial ads (designed to sell goods and services), commonweal ads (which
are messages from the government and social organizations), and regional ads
(messages targeted to specific geographical regions).

The language used in advertising is to promote compliance with a

message, specifically anti-drink driving advertisements.

An analysis of an advertisement for Kellogg's Body Smart Wheat Bran

Flakes exemplifies the techniques that can be used to grab one's attention and
encourage him or her to purchase the product. The use of color in the
advertisement, the name of the product, the picture of the cereal bowl, the text
with more details about the product, and the challenge to try the product for a trial
period all contribute to the effectiveness of the advertisement.

Although advertising is accused of influencing consumers to buy things

they do not need, they have the choice to buy. It is up to the consumer to make
wise choices and develop shopping skills that are intelligent.

Description Paragraph

Properties
size
Example: Polar bears are big in size.
colour
Example: Polar bears are usually white in colour.
shape
Example: Polar bears have a special shape.
purpose
Example: The purpose of the polar bear's fur is to keep it warm.
Measurement
length
Example: The length of a polar bear's claws is 20 cm.
width
Example: The width of a polar bear's head is about 50 cm.
mass / weight
Example: Polar bears weigh up to 650 kg.
speed
Example: Polar bears can swim at a speed of 40 km per hour.
Analogy
is like
Example: A polar bear is like other bears in shape.
resembles
Example: A polar bear resembles other bears in shape.
Location
in
Example: Most of Canada's manufacturing is located in Ontario and Quebec.
above
Example: The ceiling is above us.
below
Example: Most of Ontario is below Hudson Bay.
beside
Example: Quebec is located beside Ontario.
near
Example: Many companies are located near Toronto.
north / east / south / west
Example: Ontario is west of Quebec.

Communication skills must for manager

It is imperative that managers and team leaders clearly convey
information and ideas through a variety of media to individuals and
groups. The ideas must engage the audience and help them
understand and retain a clear and convincing message.
The issue that we face is determining the most effective option
for our communication. Research shows that people screen out or
misinterpret as much as 73 percent of the messages they receive.
This is why your ability to communicate, to understand and be
understood can make the difference between being a good
communicator or a great communicator. This communication skills
program will give you some tips and guidelines on the three key types
of business communication; oral, written and presentation skills.
The oral communication skills module focuses on talking to or
interacting with small informal groups or one–on-one conversations.
Managers and supervisors must have numerous interactions with their
superiors, peers, team members, customers and clients as well as
regulatory agencies. This module will outline a five step process to
effectively handle many types of interactions.
The written communications module focuses on responding to
issues with short informal notes and developing reports. Additionally,
managers and supervisors must routinely report the results of
production, marketing, sales and public relations to senior
management. This requirement demands clear, concise and well
structured documents or reports.
Presentation skills combine oral and written communication skills that
must be tailored to your audience. Managers and supervisors most
often have to present their reports and answer questions about the
content. When done effectively, your ideas and position are more
readily accepted as valid and well researched. You will also learn
techniques and guidelines about body language that will give you the
best opportunity to make a successful and effective presentation.
The basic principles that underlie all communication are to adjust the
communication to the audience by organizing it to maintain their
attention and ensure their understanding. Communicators must also
adhere to accepted conventions to ensure that they are understood
and can make themselves understood by others. These basic principles
will also ensure that your business and personal communications are
direct, efficient, well organized, purposeful and timely. An additional
benefit is that your team members or anyone that you are addressing
will feel valued and respected.
Effective communication skills makes it possible for your team
members to experience fewer misunderstandings, share information
with others who could benefit from the knowledge, build trust and
obtain commitment to their ideas.
Effective communicators think clearly and speak and write concisely to
achieve their goal of informing, instructing, or influencing others.
When the members of your team or organization are communicating
effectively, there are many benefits that will help you to reach your
desired objectives