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Review of Gravity and Lateral Loads Determination of Design Forces based on Load Combinations
GRAVITY LOADS
DEAD LOADS - weight of materials incorporated in construction, including walls, floors, roofs, ceiling, stairways, finishes etc. - permanent/semi-permanent loads
GRAVITY LOADS
WIND Determination of qz
GIVEN: Hospital Building h = 30m Exposure C Legaspi City Flat terrain qz = 47.3x10-6 Kz Kzt Kd V 2 Iw q30 = 47.3x10-6 (1.26)(1.0)(0.85)(250)2 (1.15) = 3.64 kPa
The total design base shear need not exceed the following:
2.5Ca I V= W R
The total design base shear shall not be less than the following:
V = 0.11Ca I W
(208-6)
In addition, for Seismic Zone 4, the total base shear shall also not be less than the following:
0.8ZN v I V= W R
(208-7)
SEISMIC ZONE Zone 2, Z= 0.2 Palawan, TawiTawi, Sulu Zone 4, Z = 0.4 Rest of the Philippines
I. Essential
Facilities3
II. Hazardous
Facilities
Hazardous Facilities Special Occupancy Structures 4 Standard Occupancy Structures 4 Miscellaneous structures
III. Special
Occupancy Structures4
III.
1.00
1.00
IV. Standard
Occupancy Structures4
IV.
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
V.
1.00
1.00
V.
Miscellaneous structures
1.00
1.00
NSCP 2001
NSCP 2010
6m
30 m
Ground
25m
Ca
Cv
But the code indicates that the total design base shear need not exceed the following: V = 2.5(CaI)/R x W = 2.5(0.40)1.0/8.5 x 7300 = 858 kN
(NSCP Equation 208-5)
And in Seismic Zone 4, the total design base shear shall also be not less than: (NSCP Equation 208-7) V = 0.8NvI/R x W = 0.8(0.40)(1.20)(1.0)/8.5 x 7300 = 330 kN Therefore, the governing base shear, V= 712 kN, governs.
dh
ds
R
= Additional depth of water on the undeflected roof above the inlet of secondary drainage system at its design flow (i.e., the hydraulic head), in mm. = Depth of water on the undeflected roof up to the inlet of secondary drainage system when the primary drainage system is blocked (i.e., the static head), in mm. = Rain load on the undeflected roof, in kN/m2.
LOAD COMBINATIONS
Buildings, towers and other vertical structures and all portions thereof shall be designed to resist the load combinations in NSCP Section 203.3 and 203.4. The critical effect can occur when one or more of the contributing loads are not acting.
LOAD Definitions
D = dead load E = earthquake load set forth in Section 208.5.1.1 Em = estimated maximum earthquake force that can be developed in the structure as set forth in Section 208.5.1.1 F = load due to fluids with well-defined pressures and maximum heights H = load due to lateral pressure of soil and water in soil L = live load, except roof live load, including any permitted live load reduction Lr = roof live load, including any permitted live load reduction
R T
= rain load on the undeflected roof = self-straining force and effects arising from contraction or expansion resulting from temperature change, shrinkage, moisture change, creep in component materials, movement due to differential settlement, or combinations thereof = load due to wind pressure
U U U U U U U
= = = = = = =
1.4 (D + F) 1.2 (D+ F+T ) + 1.6 (L+H) + 0.5(Lr or R) 1.2 D + 1.6 (Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.80 W) 1.2 D + 1.6 W + f1 L +0.5 (Lr or R) 1.2 D + 1.0 E+ f1 L 0.9 D + 1.6 W + 1.6 H 0.9 D + 1.0 E + 1.6 H
f1 = 1.0 for floors in places of public assembly, for live loads in excess of 4.8 kPa, and for garage live load = 0.5 for other live loads
PROBLEM : Find the strength design moment at beam end A and strength design axial load and moment at column top C.
E = Eh + Ev
The moment due to vertical earthquake forces is calculated The moment due to horizontal earthquake forces is given as
(Section 208-1)
U U U U U U U
= = = = = = =
1.4 (D + F) = 1.4D 1.2 (D+ F+T ) + 1.6 (L+H) + 0.5(Lr or R) = 1.2D + 1.6L 1.2 D + 1.6 (Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.80 W) = 1.2D + 0.5L 1.2 D + 1.6 W + f1 L +0.5 (Lr or R) = 1.2D +0.5L 1.2 D + 1.0 E+ f1 L = 1.2D + 1.0E + 0.5L 0.9 D + 1.6 W + 1.6 H = 0.9D 0.9 D + 1.0 E + 1.6 H = 0.9D +1.0E
Using Equation (203-5) and Equation (203-6), the strength design moment at A for combined dead, live, and seismic forces are determined.
MA = 0.9MD 1.0ME = 0.9(135) 1.0(211) = 333 kN-m or 90 kN-m MA = 1.2MD + 1.6ML = 1.2(135)+1.6(65) = 266 kN-m Therefore, MA = 406 kN-m or 90 kN-m
E = Eh + Ev
where
Ev = 0.5CaID = 0.22D
for axial load
E = Eh + Ev = 1.1(490)+0.22(400) = 627 kN
for moment
E = Eh + Ev = 1.1(220)+0.22(55) = 254 kN
Pc = 0.9D 1.0E = 0.9(400) 1.0(627) = 987 kN-m or -267 kN Therefore, Pc = 1197 kN or 267 kN
Mc = 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L = 1.2(55)+1.0(254)+0.5(30) = 335 kN-m Mc = 0.9D 1.0E = 0.9(55) 1.0(254) = 304 kN-m or -205 kN-m Therefore, Mc = 335 kN-m or 205 kN-m
Important Notes
Increase in Importance Factor for Essential Facilities Consideration of Rain Loads Totally revised Load Combinations Earthquake loading includes load effect of vertical component of ground motion, Ev
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