Fruit

mature or ripened ovary

Fruit consists of ovary walls (pericarp), mature ovules (seeds), or fleshy receptacle (hypanthium); Some are edible, juicy or dry; In some fruits, the seeds are enclosed within the ovary; Some are seedless

Types of fruit
1. As composition: a. simple b. compound: aggregate, or multiple 2. As to nature of pericarp a. fleshy b. dry

Simple fruits develop from a single ovary.

cherries and peaches (drupe), pears and apples (pome), and tomatoes (berries

Aggregate Fruit: Many ovaries derived from a single flower.

strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries.

Multiple Fruit: Many ovaries derived from many individual flowers.

Fleshy Fruits
(Pericarp Is Fleshy At Maturity) 1. Berry: All or most of pericarp fleshy.

2. Pepo: with hard, thick but fleshy

rind.

endocarp

3. Hesperidium: with a leathery rind containing oil

glands in pits

The lemon (Citrus lemon) is a hesperidium, a berry with a leathery rind. The exocarp (peel) contains volatile oil glands (essential oils) in pits.

4. Drupe: Seed enclosed within a stony endocarp (pit).

Fleshy drupe
fleshy mesocarp Stony endocarp

Fibrous drupe
fibrous mesocarp Stony endocarp

5. Pome: Accessory fruit with thick hypanthium.

Question: What type of fruit as to composition?

Dry fruits:
Pericarp layers are dry, papery and fused together. Two types: A. Dehiscent Dry Fruits
(Split Open At Maturity)

B. Indehiscent
(do not split open at maturity)

1. Legume or Pod: Composed of one carpel,

opens via two sutures or seams seams- are lines of dehiscence

2. Capsule: Composed of several fused carpels.

Opens thru several openings

3. Follicle: One carpel that splits along one seam.

develops from a simple ovary.

Milk weed

4. Silique: Two carpels separated by a seedbearing septum.

Dry indehiscent fruits retain their seeds and do not crack open after ripening.

The Achene

consists of a single seed that is attached to the wall of the ovary at only one point. The pericarp is also thin and undeveloped so when it dries out the fruit has a seed-like appearance.

Point of attachment

1. The Achene

Grain or caryopsis
The pericarp is thin, transparent and firmly attached to all points of the seed coat the fruit is a grain.
pericarp

Grain type fruits are produced by members of the grass family which include important food crops such as rice, corn and wheat.

seed

Samara
is a wind borne fruit containing a single seed. It is much like an achene except for the paperlike wing which develops from the ovary wall of the flower.

Winged Samara fruits are characteristic of elms, maples and ashes.

3. The Samara

Nuts- with hard and thick pericarp, oneseeded fruits In acorn and chestnut, the shell is the coat of the fruit. The coat develops from the ovary wall after fertilization. Some nuts have a husk covering the hard shell. The husk is formed from the outer layer of the ovary wall and the hard coat of the nut is formed from the inner layer of the ovary wall.

4. The Nut

Schizocarp- fruits with fused two carpels that do

not crack upon splitting.