Grammar notes 1/28/14 In this class Grammar means is allowable sounds patterns a language give that meaning.

Grammar is writing etiquette (we dont do those) 1.What is constituency? -Constituency: the special relationship of two words to exclusion other. 1something go together 2 : something cant go together like The mall cant go like the go -Root is the smallest piece of language of the word. Affix affix cant without root 1/30/14 Content word: Noun Pronouns Verb Adjectives Prepositions Adverbs Function word: Degree: very determiner conjunction : and Auxiliaries

A phrase is the relationship of their own word. Er= someone or some changes things Quiz 1 about 123 Like affix

2/4/14 Nouns Sub is under. Like subway Proper nouns are: -It may be a place or name, - and must be capital letter first. -those that name specific things, Common nouns are: - names general items - -It can specific like (this)

definite -If you and your reader think the same one: definite? -previous sentence -definition -logical -uniqueness Indefinite: - proper noun, unique, mentioned before, describe. Singular nouns are: -with the article behind the word, (but not the names), -and s means is not singular. - there is just one. Unspecific quantity nouns are: -plural and noun count(rice or water) -any nouns with the s. -Prepositions before the word. -Its hard to give a number. 2/18/14: definiteness (a/an,the ) (this that )

possession

quantity

sequence

Quiz2: Content word: Noun Pronouns Verb Adjectives Prepositions Adverbs

Function word: Degree: very determiner :the a an conjunction : FANBOYS N-nor Simple Auxiliaries: shall, Can, will

2 Paper : remember the meaning.(determiners

ISSUU book. Adj(er est) More Most Rather Slightly ------degree words Example: 1) Happy happier Active more active (two syllables does not end in -y) 2) Nationalistic (3 or more than 3 syllables It will be use most or more) Example: positive faithful FANBOYS N-nor Simple Correlative: ether ..or both.and neither.nor not only..but also 1)Conjunction only combine like constituents.

Prepositions: 1.of 2 .in (the street) 3.for 4.to 5.on (Thursday) 6.with 7.about 8.at (home) 9.between 10.by (10PM) 11.from 12.like location , time, direction. Without the affix. Review: complex noun phrase: a noun phrase with one or more of verbal noun phrases these modifiers (det, AP,PP) pronouns. Verbal noun: can only be a nonfinite verb, which is a verb without time. ----ing : verbal noun phrases with a verb ending in ing are gerunds. EX: walking is healthy. He likes cooking. To make is not Preposition, it is particle Gerunds-ing Infinitives to go Pronouns replace a whole noun phrase they pack all the information of a noun phrase into one word. Pronoun must agree with their antecedent in number, gender, person. There and it

Verb is that show time finite Do not show time call non-finite .

Aspect=how Continuing aspect: to form it need +ing, - a form of be (are, am)

1. Completed: to form it need - +ed, +en, -a form of have/has E.g. she has eaten, she had eaten.

Time is always in left, verb is always in right.

A verb phrase whose verb or auxiliary express time is a predicate Every predicate must have a subject noun phrase to the left, together the predicate and the subject make a clause.

Meaning of Verb: action; state verbs show something exists in a certain condition or marital state( believe, know, understand , love); linking verb connect the subject to some other constituent(the girl is Luke's sister) Functions of Verb: verbal noun, nonfinite modifies, predicate2

Quiz4: Model are auxiliaries that express future time, possibility, permission, or obligation. Will would shall should can could may might must be gives continuing aspect to the verb or auxiliary after it Be + ing Do or model, have, be continuing , be ( passive )