Bianca Yugar Period 6 APUSH

Chapter #30: The War to End War Big Picture Themes 1. President Wilson outlined the wars objectives with his Fourteen Points. The set the !oals o" "ree seas# sel"$deter%ination a"ter the war# and establishin! a bod to prevent "uture wars. &. ' %ilitar dra"t was instituted# the "irst since the Civil War. 3. Wo%en went to wor( %ore than the d ever done and blac( soldiers were dra"ted into the %ilitar into se!re!ated units. ). The '%ericans "ocussed their %ilitar e""ort in protectin! Paris "ro% the *er%ans. +. 't the Treat o" ,ersailles# Wilson a!reed to allow -n!land and France to punish *er%an "or the war. .n return# the a!reed to start Wilsons /0ea!ue o" 1ations.2 3. 4owever# the 56 6enate rejected the Treat 70ea!ue. The didnt wish to turn over '%ericas decision$%a(in! to a "orei!n bod li(e the 0ea!ue o" 1ations. Chapter #30 Identifications *eor!e Creel 4e was the leader o" the Co%%ittee on Public .n"or%ation. 4e was ver success"ul in pro%otin! the war usin! %ovies# pa%phlets and speeches. 4e sent out propa!anda %en to !ive patriotic speeches. 8ernard 8aruch 4e was the leader o" the War .ndustries 8oard. 4e was a stoc( speculator and a ver able one# but the 8oards powers nevertheless were wee( since '%ericas love o" "ree trade was stron! even in ti%e o" war. 4enr Cabot 0od!e 0od!e was the chair%an o" the 6enate Forei!n 9elations co%%ittee# but he and wilson were ene%ies. 4e did not want the Treat o" ,ersailles approved in the 6enate. 4e instead drew up the "ourteen /reservations2 which was ai%ed to retain '%ericas ri!ht to rule hersel". :a%es ;. Co< The =e%ocratic candidate "or the election o" 1>&0. 4e was a !overnor "ro% ?hio and his was "or the 0ea!ue o" 1ations# with Fran(lin = 9oosevelt as his runnin! %ate. 6el"$=eter%ination 6el" deter%ination was the ideal that !roups would choose their own !overn%ent "or the%selves. Wilson was !reatl "or this idea in his "ourteen points# but he was "orced to co%pro%ise.

Bianca Yugar Period 6 APUSH

Collective securit .n international a""airs# reliance on a !roup o" nations or an international or!ani@ation as protection a!ainst a!!ressors# rather than on national sel"$de"ense alone. 1or%alc This was an ideal held b 4ardin! durin! the election o" 1>&0. 4e "elt that '%erica should ta(e a brea( "ro% Wilsonian tactics and return to nor%alc a"ter the War and the peace con"erence chaos. Ai%%er%an 1ote *er%an "orei!n secretar sent a secret tele!ra% "ro% *er%an to ;e<ico which was intercepted b 8ritish spies. .n the note# *er%an encoura!ed ;e<ico to wa!e war a!ainst the 5.6. '"ter a victor # ;e<ico would re!ain Te<as# 1ew ;e<ico# and 'ri@ona. Fourteen Points Wilson had an address o" the 1) points which laid out his idealistic !oals. 4e laid out his !oals be"ore the war even started# which included abolishin! secret treaties# sel" deter%ination# and "reedo% o" the seas. 0ea!ue o" 1ations The idea o" this was "irst brou!ht in Wilsons 1) Points. .t was a co%%ittee which would idealisticall settle international disputes peace"ull . This was Wilsons %ost desired point durin! the Paris Peace Con"erence. Co%%ittee on Public .n"or%ation 4eaded b *eor!e Creel# it was %ade to (eep up the wars enthusias% in '%erica and to essentiall sell the war. .t did this b !ivin! patriotic speeches# han!in! posters with propa!anda# passin! out pa%phlets# and usin! %ovie shorts or actors to pro%ote war. -spiona!e and 6edition 'cts These acts were used b Con!ress to pass anti$"orei!n laws. The -spiona!e 'ct o" 1>1B sou!ht to prosecute spies# includin! -u!ene , =ebs# and the 6edition 'ct o" 1>1C sou!ht to prosecute an one en!a!in! in seditious acitivit . .ndustrial Wor(ers o" the World

Bianca Yugar Period 6 APUSH

'D' the .WW# it was a !roup that held the !oal o" creatin! an international labor union. .t was led b 4a wood who was convicted under the espiona!e act# alon! with other %e%bers o" this !roup. War .ndustries 8oard .n ;arch 1>1C# Wilson appointed 8ernard 8aruch leader o" this board. .ts %ain !oal was to orchestrate industr durin! the war e""ort since it proved to be di""icult to %obili@e industr durin! the war. 1ineteenth '%end%ent Passed in 1>&0# the 1>th '%end%ent !ranted wo%en the ri!ht to vote nationwide. Food 'd%inistration 4eaded b 4erbert 4oover# it was an voluntar e""ort in which this ad%inistration advocated "or support and "ood usin! thin!s li(e /%eatless tuesda s2 or /wheatless wednesda s.2 .rreconcilables These irreconcilables were senators 8orah and :ohnson who "ollowed Wilsons tour across the nation to stop where he had just spo(en. Treat o" ,ersailles The Treat o" ,ersailles was written up at the Paris Peace Con"erence. .t stated that *er%an was the cause o" the war and should ta(e responsibilit in the War *uilt Clause. Wilson had to co%pro%ise with his 1) points. Chapter #30 *uided 9eadin! Euestions War b 'ct o" *er%an Dnow: FPeace without ,ictor #F 5nli%ited 6ub%arine War"are# 'rthur Ai%%er%ann 1. What events led Woodrow Wilson to as( Con!ress to declare warG *er%an s 6usse< Pled!e and their turn to unrestrivted war"are# alon! with the Ai%%er%an note led Wilson to as( Con!ress to "inall declare war a!ainst *er%an on the 'llied Powers side. War was declared on 'pril &nd 1>1B. Wilsonian .dealis% -nthroned Dnow: :eannette 9an(in &. 1a%e Wilsons twin war ai%s. 4ow did these set '%erica apart "ro% the other co%batantsG Wilsons twin war ai%s were that he wanted to /%a(e the world sa"e "or de%ocrac 2 and that his initial !oal was /peace without victor .2 Wilson set '%erica apart since the did not want to "i!ht "or the riches o" war but rather to "ree others "ro% autocrats.

Bianca Yugar Period 6 APUSH

Wilsons Fourteen Potent Points Dnow: Fourteen Points 3. 0ist several o" Wilsons Fourteen Points. 6o%e o" Wilsons Fourteen Points include: 'bolishin! secret treaties# Freedo% o" the seas# 9e%oval o" econo%ic barriers between nations# 9eduction o" ar%a%ents# Chan!in! colonial clai%s to help both coloni@ers and native peoples# F6el"$deter%ination#2 and a co%%ittee called the 0ea!ue o" 1ations. Creel ;anipulates ;inds Dnow: Co%%ittee on Public .n"or%ation# *eor!e Creel# Four$%inute ;en# The 4un# ?ver There ). 4ow were '%ericans %otivated to help in the war e""ortG The Co%%ittee o" Public .n"o headed b Creed was created to sell the war and its e""ort. Creel sent out %en to !ive patriotic speeches# posters and pa%phlets where handed out as propa!anda# and %ovies were used to help with the war e""ort. '%ericans were all on board. -n"orcin! 0o alt and 6ti"lin! =issent Dnow: 0ibert Cabba!e# -spiona!e 'ct# 6edition 'ct# -u!ene ,. =ebs# Willia% =. 4a wood +. 4ow was lo alt "orced durin! WW.G 0o alt was "orced durin! WW. with the two acts that li%ited the "irst a%end%ent: the -spiona!e 'ct o" 1>1B and the 6edition 'ct o" 1>1C. People who violated these acts were arrested. The 1ations Factories *o to War Dnow: 8ernard 8aruch# War .ndustries 8oard 3. Wh was it di""icult to %obili@e industr "or the war e""ortG .t was di""icult to %obili@e industr "or the war e""ort because there was %uch i!norance ever where and reluctance b states$ri!hts advocates who didnt want the "ederal !overn%ent havin! ideas thrown at the%. Wor(ers in Warti%e Dnow: FWor( or Fi!ht#F 1ational War 0abor 8oard# Wobblies B. 4ow did the war a""ect the labor %ove%entG The war had a%ericans !o to wor( in a lar!e %easure as it was %otivated b the !overn%ents /wor( or "i!ht2 polic . The 1ational War 0abor 8oard settled an wor(in! disputes and (ept people wor(in!. 'lon! with this# the 'Fo"0 supported the war. 6u""erin! 5ntil 6u""ra!e Dnow: 1'W6'# 1>th '%end%ent# Wo%ens 8ureau C. 4ow did the war a""ect wo%enG 6ince %en were awa at war# %ore and %ore wo%en were replacin! the%. ;ost wo%en supported the War and bac(ed President Wilson and his e""orts. The thou!ht that wo%en should participate in the war in order to !ain their su""ra!e.

Bianca Yugar Period 6 APUSH

For!in! a War -cono% Dnow: Food 'd%inistration# 4erbert 4oover# ;eatless Tuesda s# -i!hteenth '%end%ent# 4eatless ;onda s# 0ibert 8onds >. =id !overn%ent beco%e too intrusive in peoples lives durin! the warG *ive e<a%ples to support our answer. The !overn%ent did beco%e too intrusive durin! the war# al%ost e%plo in! a Htotal war tactic towards the !overnin! o" '%erica. The Food and Fuel 'd%inistrations were harshl advocatin! da s that were needed in order "or '%erica to survive# li(e /wheatless wednesda s.2 4owever# this did !reatl help in the war e""ort to conserve supplies and "ood. ;a(in! Plowbo s into =ou!hbo s 10. Was the !overn%ents e""ort to raise an ar% "air and e""ectiveG .t was %ore "air# considerin! that the could not bu their wa out as people did in the Cviil War. 'll %en 1C$)+ had to re!ister and it was relativel s%ooth and success"ul. 4owever# due to lac( o" ti%e %an %en did not !et to train. Fi!htin! in France$$8elatedl 11. 4ow were '%erican troops used in 9ussiaG The '%erican troops be!an to serve as 'llied replace%ents in the sections o" 9ussia that had less action. ?thers were intervenin! on 8olshevi( rule and 9ussians were an!ered b this as the "elt the capitalists were tr in! to under%ine the co%%unist revolution. '%erica 4elps 4a%%er the 4un Dnow: ;arshal Foch# :ohn :. Pershin!# ;euse$'r!onne ?""ensive# 'lvin Ior( 1&. =escribe the e""ect o" the '%erican troops on the "i!htin!. The '%erican troops helped !reatl in the war e""ort. The stopped *er%an s assaults on Pairs# the provided boost to their %orale# and the also provided supplies i%perative to the success o" the 'llied Powers. The Fourteen Points =isar% *er%an Dnow: 'r%istice 13. What role did '%erica pla in brin!in! *er%an to surrenderG Wilson (ic(ed the Daiser out o" Power# and the Daiser then "led to 4olland. The Juit the "i!htin! as a cease$"ire and a surrender ca%e later with politicians. 8ut %ost i%portantl # the endless troops and supplies provided b the '%ericans was the !reatest role. Wilson 6teps =own "ro% ?l %pus Dnow: 4enr Cabot 0od!e 1). What political %ista(es hurt Wilson in the %onths "ollowin! the ar%isticeG When Wilson decided to !o to -urope "or peace tal(s# 9epublicans were unhapp with this because it loo(ed li(e he was showin! o"". 4e did not invite a 9epublican with hi% which %ade hi% loo( ver bad to his part . The .dealist 8attles the .%perialists in Paris Dnow: ,ittorio ?rlando# =avid 0lo d *eor!e# *eor!es Cle%enceau# 0ea!ue o" 1ations 1+. 4ow did Wilsons desire "or the 0ea!ue o" 1ations a""ect his bar!ainin! at the peace con"erenceG

Bianca Yugar Period 6 APUSH

6ince each leader o" the 8i! Four wanted di""erent thin!s# Wilsons constant persistence o" the 0ea!ue o" 1ations was the bar!ainin! "actor with 8ritain and France. The a!reed to !o alon! with the lea!ue# but Wilson had to co%pro%ise with the War *uilt Cause which bla%ed *er%an "or WW.. 4a%%erin! ?ut the Treat Dnow: Willia% 8orah# 4ira% :ohnson# .rreconcilables 13. What co%pro%ises did Wilson %a(e at the peace con"erenceG Wilson had to a!ree with the %ain powers decisions. There"ore# France was bi! a!ainst sel" deter%ination# and '%erica had to then a!ree to let France occup the 9hineland "or 1+ ears and the /6ecurit Treat .2 .tal also wanted the seaport o" Fiu%e# a!ain !oin! a!ainst sel"$ deter%ination. The Peace Treat That 8red a 1ew War Dnow: Treat o" ,ersailles 1B. For what reasons did Wilson co%pro%ise his 1) PointsG Wilson had to co%pro%ise on his 1) Points because he (new that i" he did not bar!ain with the other 8i! Four# then he would have !otten no treat . 4e was essentiall a "allen hero# and people "elt that Wilson either sold out# or that he was not a!!ressive enou!h. The =o%estic Parade o" Prejudice 1C. Wh was the treat critici@ed bac( in '%ericaG The treat was critici@ed bac( in '%erica because .solationists did not want to be involved in alliances with -urope. People thou!ht that the treat was too so"t# and the liberals thou!ht it was too tou!h. 6o%e '%ericans "elt that the treat was too harsh on the ho%e land while .rish '%ericans thou!ht it !ave 8ritain too %uch world power. Wilsons Tour and Collapse K1>1>L 1>. What was the purpose and result o" Wilsons trip around the countr when he returned to '%ericaG 6ince the &3) pa!e treat was bein! read in the 6enate# Wilson too( the ti%e to appeal to the people the%selves. ;an *er%an '%ericans were not happ about this# and senators li(e 8orah and :ohnson Juic(l "ollowed his destinations. '"ter %an stops# he "inall collapsed and he !ot a stro(e which %ade hi% an inactive president. :K =e"eat Throu!h =eadloc( &0. Wh was the treat "inall rejectedG The treat was "inall rejected because 0od!e "elt that he needed to '%ericani@e the treat . Wilson was a!ainst it at the end# and "elt that 0od!es addition o" a%end%ents were wea(. The treat "ailed in the 6enate. Wilson could not co%pro%ise and he would not co%pro%ise his ideals in the realit o" politics.

Bianca Yugar Period 6 APUSH

The F6ole%n 9e"erendu%F o" 1>&0 Dnow: Warren 4ardin!# :a%es ;. Co<# 1or%alc &1. What did the results o" the 1>&0 election indicateG The results o" the 1>&0 election indicated that the people were all "or another 9epublican president has he wanted to ta(e a brea( and return to nor%alc . 'lso# -u!ene , =ebs !ot al%ost 1 %illion votes which should that socialis% and co%%unis% was beco%in! increasin!l popular in the states. The 8etra al o" *reat -<pectations &&. 4ow %uch should the 5.6. be bla%ed "or the "ailure o" the Treat o" ,ersaillesG The 56 should not be bla%ed "or the "ailure o" the Treat o" ,ersailles. There were too %an world powers in order to %a(e a "air and just treat that would satis" the entire war e""ort. The 56 could have beco%e a world leader# but we instead returned into isolationis%# which caused France to build a %assive %ilitar and it also allowed *er%an to rear% the%selves without interruption. 6o in part# our isolationis% was a %ajor "actor o" the "ailure o" the treat . ,ar in! ,iewpoints: Woodrow Wilson: 9ealist or .dealistG Dnow: 9ealis%# .dealis%# Wilsonianis% &3. To what e<tent was Wilson realistic when he called "or a world o" cooperation# eJualit and justice a%on! nationsG Wilson was not at all realistic when he called "or a wold o" cooperation# eJualit # and justice a%on! all nations. Wilsons naMvetN was too a%bitious# which co%pro%ised our own side o" the treat . 4e wanted too %uch unit "or a world that had just e<perienced one o" the %ost detri%ental wars ever seen in their ti%e. The were not prepared to cooperate as Wilson desired. Wilsons a%bitiousness was too idealistic "or the world at that ti%e. -ven thou!h his ideas were !reat# it was too %uch too soon.