Web http://www.ukessays.com/essays/management/challenges-of-csr-in-the-ict-industrymanagement-essay.php http://www.triplepundit.com/2011/10/google-investing-low-income-housing-good-badcsr/ http://www.google.cn/intl/en/about/company/responsibility/ https://impactchallenge.withgoogle.com/india2013 http://www.chinacsr.com/en/2010/01/13/6953-google-faces-corporate-socialresponsibility-problem-in-china/ http://www.google.co.uk/green/ http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/synergising-csr-with-businessremains-a-big-challenge/article5045521.

ece

New Notes like Google Glass and its privacy implications. http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=db83330e-fb03-4896-aa94-c735d7e0ab54

CSR can also encompass any other aspect of how a business addresses its social and environmental impact and its relationships with its suppliers and employees. Morton Fraser and Samuel Price (2011)

BY: MATHIAS VERMEULEN

ON: 30-NOV-2011 https://www.privacyinternational.org/opinion-pieces/dont-be-evil-strengthen-due-diligenceand-export-licenses-for-tech-companies but what does it actually mean for a technology company to avoid 'evil? This is a question of increasing importance at a time when certain governments depend on technologies to monitor the movements and communications of their inhabitants and control access to information

Google is actively socially responsible on its own accord (18). Google believes that by instilling a "Don't be evil" culture, the corporation is able to establish a baseline for honest decision-making that disassociates Google from any cheating and corner-cutting.

The experts surveyed noted that corporations cannot easily do right by everyone.

Do they move from china to preserve corporate Identity? Due to structure ownership? http://www.theconglomerate.org/2010/03/googles-identity-and-china.html Google's ownership structure offers a clue as to why identity might matter so much to this particular organization. By all accounts the risky move to pull out of China resulted from cofounder Sergey Brin's lobbying. A Russian immigrant, Brin saw in China's actions evidence of totalitarianism that was "personally quite troubling." Resisting government oppression appears to be a large part of Brin's identity--and Brin controls almost 30% of Google's votes. Most public companies aren't still dominated by founders, but when they are, I suspect that corporate identity matters more. Google's identity and China Posted by Usha Rodrigues 2010

Gary Belsky 2013 http://business.time.com/2013/12/03/the-downside-of-corporate-social-responsibility/ Firms that are focused on pursuing a socially responsible agenda are more likely than other businesses to behave in a socially irresponsibleways. __ How to do good? by Timothy M. Devinney First, there is no indication that doing well by doing good has a clear and obvious relationship to the generation of firm value. Second, as few longitudinal studies exist we simply do not understand the causal link between a firms specific CSR activities and the operational outcomes that can influence performance.

However, these are only necessary conditions that imply that a firm can do well, not that it would do good. If by engaging in CSR the firm is revealing a set of competitive competencies that allow it to operate more efficiently based on its goodness, there is no indication that the firm will not exploit those competencies for monopolistic gains. The most comprehensive study to date seems to hint that CSR does not hurt performance, but there is no concrete support to believe that it leads to supranormal returns (Margolis, Elfenbein, & Walsh, 2007, 2008).

ANNE MARGRETHE ESKESEN

The informal Google slogan Dont be evil may sound good. Nevertheless, it is a rather passive statement that does not incite active moral actions. Not being evil is not necessarily the same as being good. Although Google is known for its good treatment of its workforce, there are also several points where its moral can be seen as tainted. One example is Googles tax politics. Like many other multinational companies, Google uses the different tax laws in different countries to obtain the most favorable tax rate, arriving at the low tax rate of merely 2.4 percent (Bloomberg.co - b). While this may be an acknowledged standard among large corporations (ibid.), it can be questioned whether this procedure is morally right. If, as according to Friedmans liberalism, the companys responsibility is only towards its employees and stakeholders, then this procedure is the most morally correct, since it is likely to attain a higher profit, but, if the underlying assumption of morality states that a company also holds a moral responsibility towards other involved, explicitly all stakeholders, the tax procedure is immoral and should be discontinued. So, if consequentialism is right, then Google is doing wrong with its tax procedure, and therefore not living up to the before mentioned motto Dont be evil.24p

that the electronic equipment in the Google Street View cars had been picking up private information such as emails and passwords from wireless networks along their ways (ibid.). According 25/ 34 to Google, it happened by accident, and the gathered information was deleted, but the companys ethical reputation was damaged.

Businessweek.com Bloomberg Businessweek Technology; Drucker, Jesse; October 21. 2010; The Tax Haven Thats Saving Google Billions;

http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_44/b4201043146825.htm; seen April 29. 2011

global CSR implies that corporations may be held responsible for actions beyond the firms boundaries and beyond their local community to include suppliers, distributors, alliance partners, and even sovereign nations in which they do business. There may be a business case for doing good, but there is no evidence that more responsible firms perform better financially, according to Haas Professor David Vogel, author of the book, The Market for Virtue: The

Potential and Limits of Corporate Responsibility. Similarly, socially responsible investment funds don't deliver higher or lower returns than any other fund, Vogel writes. 5p

Google underscored the potential conflict between profits and good corporate conscience when it censored search results in China in order to continue doing business in the worlds most populous country. Google and rivals Microsoft and Yahoo were frequently criticized for operating in China, where Internet censorship is widespread.

More challenging, however, is balancing respect for human rights with business imperatives an issue that confronts Google and its rivals in China today.

You cant be good for both parts, its more difficult.

Supply chain Luke Lin, DIGITIMES Research, Taipei [Monday 22 April 2013]. Analysis of Google's platform strategy, positioning and supply chain management for Google-branded devices http://www.digitimes.com/news/a20130408RS400.html

Recently, the Wall Street Journal reported that Google and Foxconn have been working together to develop new robotic manufacturing technologies. Experts say the partnership could have major implications for both the tech industry and the American economy, though the nature of those implications remains unclear and an issue of intense debate.

The decline of American manufacturing is impossible to ignore; according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the US economy lost 6 million manufacturing jobs between 2000 and 2009 alone. But rising wages in China and increased transportation costs have spurred some companies to move manufacturing back to the US. http://www.supplychain247.com/article/can_googles_robots_build_a_new_future_for_u s_manufacturing

Google in Silicon Valley The Google buses are private shuttles that transport 4.500 Google workers daily from San Francisco to Mountain View, 35 miles away. Goole is one of many companies offering this service. Other large companies are Apple, EA and Genentech. Analysis Report (SAR) by the San Francisco County Transportation Authority (2011) says that private shuttles reduce vehicle-miles travelled by 20 million people and reduce C02 emissions by at least 8,000 tons. The shuttles are part of a larger effort by Google to encourage their employees to commute more sustainably reducing carbon footprint of the company. However while providing significant positive environmental effects, the shuttles are also deemed to create some negative externalities (Goldman, 2013). According to Goldman (2013), these shuttles bringing google well-paid tech workers from San Francisco to their jobs in Silicon Valley are negatively affecting housing equity and gentrification (Goldman, 2013). In her report suggests that Google shuttles are driving up rental prices within a walking distance of (half a mile) of five of the shuttle stops (Goldman, 2013). Companies should be responsible to their outsize effect on the local economy (Hepler, 2014). Other argues that Google shuttle didn't Cause San Francisco to Become Super Expensive, but It may be accelerating the process (Badger, 2014). As the Global Reporting Initiative, the standard for sustainability reporting, considers local impacts to be a key issue that reporting organizations must address Information on [sustainability] performance should be placed in context. The underlying question of sustainability reporting is how an organization contributes, or aims to contribute in the future, to the improvement or deterioration of economic, environmental and social conditions, developments and trends at the local, regional or global level. (emphasis mine) G4 guidelines, p 10

Google has gained the reputation of the most-used search engine and the most-visited web site in the world (Conti, 2009). Its mission statement is both ambitious and ambiguous and has enabled Google to create a wide-range of services for the benefit of the public. (Kendrick et al., 2014).

A significant part of Google.org is Google Foundation, a completely separate a non-profit segment with an endowment of $90 million. Google Earth Engine was a powerful earth observation platform with a goal to monitor forestation/deforestation on the planet. Participation, training. Another result of a high technology approach to philanthropy was Google Flu Trends.

Employees Google allowed room for creativity and recognized invaluable contributions by its employees. For example, Google spent $70 million on food for their employees (Auletta, 2009). Sustainability on the Google campus was part of famous food and beverage establishments on Google campus. Today, the Google campus boasts employee restaurants that support local farmers within a 180 miles radius (Auletta, 2009).

There are ethical concerns associated with the power to control information. Some initiatives that support environmental issues at Google include are providing subsidies for employees buying hybrid cars, company dining facilities that serves organic sustainability food, charitable contributions to organisations that fight global warming, use of green fuel and solar power etc gupta2

William Bagley Googles profit model is based on offering free services to consumers in exchange for their consent to non-negotiable terms of service. Aside from tracking search and web browsing habits, Google also amasses data on emails, photos, healthcare records, phone calls, voicemails, and documents created on and sent through its servers. The information collected by Google allows the company to sell targeted advertising spots. Thus, the more information Google has about a user, the better the company can tailor the ads and increase their value.

Additionally, Google and similar companies boast the ability to pinpoint a users exact location via their Internet Protocol address or through cell phone triangulation, allowing users to share this data with their friends. Private data is amassed not only by many different companies but also is dispersed lawfully, unlawfully, and by accident.

In 2005, the Department of Justice issued subpoenas to Google, America Online, Yahoo!, and Microsoft to compel the release of randomly selected user search records. The DOJs request was not intended to help solve a crime or prevent a terrorist attack. Instead the data was requested for analytical purposes to support a new attempt to pass Internet child protection legislation.While AOL and Yahoo! complied, Google remained defiant and refused to abide by the request For example, users of Googles Gmail service accept terms which dictate that Google might retain messages, even from deleted accounts, in its offline backup servers Moreover, Google states that it will not release personal information nor content except in limited circumstances described in its privacy policy and when Google believes it is required [to do so] by law. 180p

DONT BE EVIL TO CANT BE EVIL Evil to who? Customers Competitors

China again Jenny Fry The high-tech companies defended their actions on the basis that they have to comply with local law in China, as they would in any other country. In his testimony Elliot Schrage, Vice President Global Communications and Public Affairs Google Inc., argued that in an imperfect world, we had to make an imperfect decision and recognized that the constraints Google are operating under in China are inconsistent with the companys core commitments to user interests and provision of access to information.

In China, the Chinese Governments Internet censorship policy has raised international concern about freedom of expression and human rights violations in a country that has historically blocked the free flow of information.

The launch of Google.cn has sparked fresh controversy amidst an already charged situation where it is alleged that 49 cyber dissidents and 32 journalists have been silenced since China opened its doors to the Internet. The cases around Zhao Jing and Shi Tao have been amongst the most prominent in the media. Microsoft closed down the blog of well-known blogger Zhao Jing on 30 December 2005 at the Chinese Governments request and Yahoo! was responsible for supplying data that contributed to sentencing Shi Tao, a cyber dissident, to prison for 10 years (New York Times, 2006).

One of the key challenges in devising Internet Research Ethics is its global reach and the necessity to harmonize different cultural practices. The same challenge applies to the business ethics of Internet search engine companies, such as Google. Even when they are operating in a domestic market they are collecting, storing and processing data about users based all around the world who are protected by different laws and ethical principles.

Solutions? Possible solution might be the peer production of Internet Governance, as advocated by Johnson et al. (2004), which decentralizes decision making about the flow of information on the Internet to individual users. Empowering users to protect their own privacy through increasing awareness and security expertise is one practical manifestation of this approach. Initiatives, such as StopBadware.org aim to foster communities of good practice by establishing networks of positive feedback that would enable the exchange of information about malicious spyware and lead to their eventual atrophy Jenny Fry

MICHAEL ZIMMER* Don't be evil again In their "Letter from the Founders" submitted in anticipation of Google's initial public offering, Brin and Page state that Google is "not a conventional company" and that they aspire to make "the world a better place" by

"improv[ing] the lives of as many people as possible.""Elsewhere, Brin and Page have noted their desire to "have positive social effects" and to make Google a "social good."

Planet Google reflects an omniscient and omnipresent ideal-a "perfect search engine"' that promises to provide a new means of accessing information, communicating with others, and organizing our lives. Yet, while this new information ecosystem is being delivered by a company whose motto is "Don't be evil," we are reminded by cultural critic Neil Postman that the true relationship between a society and its technology is often not purely benevolent, but instead, may require a sacrifice for society to enjoy its benefits, what Postman recognizes as a Faustian bargain:

Anyone who has studied the history of technology knows that technological change is always a Faustian bargain: Technology giveth and technology taketh away, and not always in equal measure. A new technology sometimes creates more than it destroys. Sometimes, it destroys more than it creates. But it is never one-sided.17 on page 111.

MICHAEL ZIMMER*

Google further states that it will share personal information with third parties when "[w]e have a good faith belief that access, use, preservation or disclosure of such information is reasonably necessary to ... satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or enforceable governmental request. http://www.google.com/privacypolicy.html

Other: Energy consumption of its servers Algorithm thing See Googles code of Conduct. (www.google.com/corporate/tenthings.html).

Don't be evil Charles Pettier Don't be evil is not quite good enough

Its fair to note that Googles motto only directly addresses a state of being rather than a behavior. This might limit you to judging Googles intentions or general effect on society rather than individual acts. Theres a sense of evil in being immoral in a fundamentalist religious sense. If true, this kind of behavior still might not rise to the level of evil, but it would certainly be business hardball that isnt in the best interest of Internet users. In contrast, Googles spokesman has at least proclaimed the policy: We work hard to put our users interests first and to compete fair and square in the market. Google might indeed be able to resist some of the worst practices. And remember that Googles motto is directed toward users, not competitors.

Google

vs.

Evil

http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.01/google_pr.html

The world's biggest, best-loved search engine owes its success to supreme technology and a simple rule: Don't be evil. Now the geek icon is finding that moral compromise is just the cost of doing big business. By Josh McHugh Don't be evil. Brin has had to refer back to those three words quite a bit over the past year. Governments, religious bodies, businesses, and individuals are all bearing down on the company, forcing Brin to make decisions that have an effect on the entire Internet. "Things that would normally be side issues for another company carry the weight of responsibility for us," Brin says.

So what happens after that? By Josh McHugh Google's unofficial corporate motto of "Don't Be Evil" seems to clash somewhat with acquiring a company that builds military robots, but its executives said that while existing contracts would be honoured, no more would be pursued.

Introduction

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an integral part of business practice over the last decade or so (Servaes and Tamayo, 2013). Over the decades, the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has continued to grow in importance and significance. It has been the subject of considerable debate, commentary, theory building and research (Carroll and Shabana, 2010)