[1] atha bhagavata etad abhavat: adhigato me dharmo gambhro gambhrvabhso durdo duravabodha; Then, this (thought) occurred

to Bhagavn: The dharma that is profound, profound in appearance, difficult to perceive (and) difficult to understand (was) realized to (by) me. atha indecl. (then) bhagavata gen. sing. bhagavat (the blessed one) etat nom. sing. etat (this) abhavat 3rd pers. sing. impf. bh (occur) adhigata nom. sing. ppp. adhi+gam (to realize) me (mama) gen. sing. mad (I) dharma nom. sing. dharma gambhra nom. sing. gambhra (profound) gambhra-avabhsa nom. sing. bah. (what [dharma] is profound in appearance) durda nom. sing. bah. (what [dharma] is difficult to perceive) duravabodha nom. sing. bah. (what [dharma] is difficult to understand) [2] atarkyotarkyvacara skmo nipuapaitavijavedanya; (The dharma that) surpasses thought, pertains to the sphere that surpasses thought, is subtle (and) ought to be known with discretion by skillful scholars. atarkya nom. sing. adj. (surpassing thought) atarkya-avacara nom. sing. bah. (what [dharma] pertains to the sphere that surpasses thought) skma nom. sing. adj. (subtle) nipuapaitavijavedanya nom. sing. fpp. bah. (what ought to be known with discretion by skillful scholars) [3] ta ced aha parem rocayeyam; ta ca pare na vijnyu; sa mama syd vighta; syd bhrama; cetasonudaya eva; If I was to declare it to others and the others were not to understand it, that would be my distress, would be (my) error, verily the eclipse of (my) mind. tam acc. sing. masc. tat (it) cet indecl. (if) aham nom. sing. asmad (I) parem gen. plur. para (other) rocayeyam 1st pers. sing. pot. +ruc (to declare) ca indecl. (and) pare nom. plur. para (other) vijniyu 3rd pers. plur. pot. vi+j (to understand)

sa nom. sing. masc. tat (that) mama gen. sing. asmad (I) syd 3rd pers. sing. pot. as (is) vighta nom. sing. ppp. caus. vi+han (distress) bhrama nom. sing. masc. bhrama (error) cetasa gen. sing. neut. cetas (mind) anudaya nom. sing. masc. anudaya (non-rising, eclipse) eva indecl. (verily) [4] yannv aham ekk araye pravae dadharmasukhavihrayogam anuyukto vihareyam iti What if I was to (it would be better for me to) dwell alone in a hill-side forest devoted to the yoga of dwelling in the happiness of the perceived dharma. yat nom. sing. yat, nu indecl. particle, yannv aham what if I, let me ekk nom. sing. masc. ekkin (alone) araye loc. sing. neut. araya (forest) pravae loc. sing. neut. pravaa (hill-side) dadharmasukhavihrayogam acc. sing. tatpur. (the yoga of dwelling in the happiness of the perceived dharma) anuyukta nom. sing. ppp. anu+yuj (devoted) vihareyam 1st pers. sing. pot. vi+h (dwell) iti quotative particle [5] tatra bhagavata alpotsukavihraty citta krmati na dharmadeanym; There, the mind of Bhagavn approaches a condition of less excitement, not in the instruction of dharma. tatra indecl. (there) alpotsukavihraty loc. sing. fem. tat. alpa-utsuka-vihrat (a dwelling-ness [condition] of less excitement) citta nom. sing. neut. citta (mind) krmati 3rd pers. sing. kram (approaches) dharmadeanym loc. sing. fem. tat. dharma-dean (instruction of dharma) [6] atha brahmaa sabhpater etad abhavat: Then, this (thought) occurred to Brahm, president of the assembly. brahmaa gen. sing. brahman (Brahm) sabhpater gen. sing. sabhpati (president of an assembly) [7] vinayati batya loka, praayati batya loka

Alas, this world will perish. Alas, this world will perish. vinayati, praayati 3rd pers. sing. vi+na, pra+na (to perish) bata indecl. (alas) ayam nom. sing. masc. idam (this) loka nom. sing. masc. loka (world) [8] yatredn kadcit karhicit tathgat arhanta samyaksabuddh loke utpadyante, tadyath udumbarapupam; Where now, at some time, at any time, are born in the world the Tathgatas, the Arhats, the perfectly awakened ones, like the flower of the Udumbara tree? yatra indecl. (where) idn indecl. (now) kadcit karhicit indecl. (at some time, at any time) tathgat nom. plur. masc. tathgata (Tathgata, he who comes and goes in the same way as the Buddhas who preceded him, Gautama Buddha) arhanta nom. plur. masc. arhat (venerable, a Buddha who is a candidate for nirva) samyaksabuddh nom. plur. masc. bah. samyak-sambuddha (lit. correctly wellawakened, one who is perfectly enlightened) loke loc. sing. masc. loka (world) utpadyante 3rd pers. plur. pass. ut+pad (to produce, to be born) tadyath indecl. (in a manner such as) udumbarapupam nom. sing. neut. gen. tat. (flower of Udumbara tree) [9] tasya cdya bhagavata alpotsukavihraty citta krmati, na dharmadeanym; tasya gen. sing. masc. tad (his, of that) adya indecl. (today) And today the mind of that Bhagavn approaches a condition of less excitement, not in the instruction of dharma. [10] yannv aham ena gatv adhyeayeyam; What if I, having gone to him, was to solicit (him) for instruction? enam acc. sing. masc. etat (him) gatv gerund gam (to go) adhyeayeyam 1st pers. sing. pot. caus. adhi+ (lit. to cause to command, to solicit for instruction)

[11] atha brahm sabhpatis, tadyath balavn purua samijita v bhu prasrayet, prasrita v samijayet, evam eva brahm sabhpatir brahmaloke antarhita; Then Brahm, president of the assembly, like a strong person who would extend a contracted arm or would contract an extended (arm), verily thus is Brahm, president of the assembly, concealed in the realm of Brahm. balavn nom. sing. masc. balavat (possessing strength, strong) purua - nom. sing. masc. purua (person) samijayati 3rd pers. sing. bends back, draws in, contracts; samijita - acc. sing. ppp; samijayet 3rd pers. sing. pot. v indecl. (or) bhum acc. sing. bhu (arm) prasrayati 3rd pers. sing. caus. pra+s extends; prasritam acc. sing. ppp; prasrayet 3rd pers. sing. pot. evam eva indecl. (verily thus) brahmaloke loc. sing. brahma-loka (the realm of Brahm) antarhita nom. sing. masc. ppp. antar+dh (to conceal) [12] sa bhagavata purastt pratyastht; He stood firm in front of Bhagavn. purastt indecl. (before, in front of) pratyastht 3rd pers. sing. aor. prati+sth (stands firm, establishes) [13] atha brahm sabhpatis tasy vely gth bhate Then Brahm, president of the assembly, recites the verse at that time. tasym loc. sing. fem. tad (that) velym loc. sing. fem. vel (time) gthm acc. sing. fem. gth (verse) bhate 3rd pers. sing. pres. atm. bh (to speak) [14] prdurbabhva magadheu prva dharmo hy auddha samalnubaddha. apvva amtasya dvra vadasva dharma virajonubaddham. For, previously an impure dharma connected with faults became manifest among the Magadhans. Open the door of deathlessness. Speak the dharma that is connected wtih faultlessness. prdurbabhva 3rd pers. sing. perf. prdur+bh (to become manifest) magadheu loc. plur. (among the people of Magadha) prvam indecl. (before, previously) auddha nom. sing. masc. (impure) samalnubaddha nom. sing. masc. bah. (connected with impurity)

apvva 2nd pers. sing. imp. atm. ap+v (to open) amtasya gen. sing. (deathless) dvram nom. sing. neut. (door) vadasva 2nd pers. sing. imp. atm. vad (to speak) virajonubaddham acc. sing. masc. bah. (connected with non-impurity) [15] bhagavn ha kcchrea me adhigatokhilo brahman pradlya vai. bhavargaparttair hi nya dharma susabuddha. pratisrotonugmina mrga gambhra atidurda. na drakyanti rgrakts tamaskandhena nvt. The Bhagavn says: O Brahm, I have understood (it) all with great hardship, having destroyed by limiting worldly passions. So, this dharma is not easily awakened (understood). The path leading towards the stream is profound and exceedingly difficult to perceive. Those engrossed in passion and restrained by the ignorant skandhas will not see (it). ha 3rd pers. sing. pres. br (to speak) kcchrea instr. sing. kcchra (great hardship) akhila nom. sing. akhila (whole) brahman voc. sing. brahman (Brahm) pradlya gerund pradlayati (to destroy) vai indecl. exclamatory particle bhavargaparttai instr. plur. acc. tat. bhavarga-partta (limited or circumscribed worldly passion) hi indecl. (for) susabuddha nom. sing. masc. susabuddha (easily awakened) pratisrotonugminam acc. sing. masc. bah. pratisrotonugmin (leading towards the stream) mrgam acc. sing. masc. mrga (path) gambhram acc. sing. masc. gambhira (profound) atidurdam acc. sing. masc. ati-dur-da (exceedingly difficult to perceive) drakyanti 3rd pers. plur. fut. d (to see) rgrakt nom. plur. masc. rga-rakta (engrossed in passions) rakta = ppp +raj tamaskandhena inst. sing. karm. tama-skandha (the ignorant five constituent elements of being) nivt nom. plur. ppp. ni+v (surround, hinder, prohibit)

Brahmas request for Dharmadean

[1] santi bhadanta sattv loke jt, loke vddhs, tkendriy api, madhyendriy api, mdvindriy api, svkr, suviney, alparajasolparajaskajty, yeravat saddharmasya parihyante; O Venerable One, there are beings born in the world, who live in the world, who are, too, having keen, moderate and subtle faculties, having good disposition, who can be well (or easily) disciplined, having few faults, belonging to a class having few faults, who are wanting from not hearing the good dharma. santi = 3rd pers. plur. pres. par. as (is) bhadanta = voc. sing. (Venerable) sattv = nom. plur. (beings) jt = nom. plur. ppp. jan (born) vddh = nom. plur. ppp. vdh (grow old, i.e. live) tkendriy, madhyendriy, mdvindriy = nom. plur. bah. (having keen, moderate, subtle senses) svkr = nom. plur. bah. (having good disposition) suviney = nom. plur. bah. (who can be easily disciplined) alparajasa = nom. plur. bah. (having less rajas qualities i.e. less flaws) alparajaskajty = nom. plur. bah. (belonging to a class having less flaws) ye = nom. plur. rel. pr. (who) aravat = abl. sing. (from not listening) saddharmasya = gen. sing. (of the good dharma) parihyante = 3rd pers. sing. pass. pari+h (are deficient) [2] tadyath bhadanta utpalni v, padmni v, kumudni v, puarki v udake jtny, udake vddhny, ekatyni udakd abhyudgatni tihanti; ekatyni samodakni; ekatyni udakanimagnakoni tihanti; O Venerable One, it is like the blue lotuses or lotuses or water-lilies or white lotuses that are produced in the water, that grow in the water. Some stand having risen above the water, some are at the level of the water, some stand having their flowercup immersed in the water. utpalni = nom. plur. neut. (blue lotuses) padmni = nom. plur. neut. (lotuses) kumudni = nom. plur. neut. (water-lilies) puarki = nom. plur. neut. (white lotuses) udake = loc. sing. neut. (in the water) jtni = nom. plur. ppp. jan (are born) vddhni = nom. plur. ppp. vdh (who are grown) ekatyni = nom. plur. pronom. adj. ekatya (certain) udakd = abl. sing. neut. udakam (water) abhyudgatni = nom. plur. ppp. abhyudgata (risen above) tihanti = 3rd pers. plur. par. sth (stand) samodakni = nom. plur. bah. (who are at the level of the water)

udakanimagnakoni = nom. plur. bah. (whose flower-cup is immersed in the water) [3] evam eva santi bhadanta sattv loke jt, loke vddhs, tkendriy api, madhyendriy api, mdvindriy api, svkr, suviney, alparajasolparajaskajty, yeravat saddharmasya parihyante; In this way only, O Venerable One, there are beings born in the world, who live in the world, who are, too, having keen, moderate and subtle faculties, having good disposition, who can be well (or easily) disciplined, having few faults, belonging to a class having few faults, who are wanting from not hearing the good dharma. [4] deayatu bhagavn dharmam; deayatu sugato dharmam; bhaviyanti dharmaratnasyjtra; O Bhagavn, instruct the dharma. O Sugata, instruct the dharma. They will become knowers of the dharma-gem. deayatu = 2nd pers. sing. imp. par. denom. deaya (instruct) bhaviyanti = 3rd pers. plur. fut. par. bh (they will be) dharmaratnasya = gen. sing. (of the dharma-gem) jtra = nom. plur. jt (knowers) [5] atha bhagavata etad abhavat: yac cham svayam eva buddhacaku loka vyavalokayeyam iti; atha bhagavn svayam eva buddhacaku loka vyavalokayati; Then, this (thought) occurred to Bhagavn that I should examine carefully, verily (by) myself, the world with the awakened eye. Then Bhagavn examines carefully the world, verily (by) himself, with the awakened eye. vyavalokayati = 3rd pers. sing. (examines carefully); vyavalokayeyam = 1st sing. pot. buddhacaku = inst. sing. karm. buddha-cakus (awakened eye) [6] adrkd bhagavn svayam eva buddhacaku loka vyavalokayan santi sattv loke jt, loke vddhs, tkendriy api, madhyendriy api, mdvindriy api, svkr, suviney, alparajasolparajaskajty, yeravat saddharmasya parihyante; The Bhagavn examining carefully the world verily (by) himself with the awakened eye saw (that) there are beings born in the world, who live in the world, who are, too, having keen, moderate and subtle faculties, having good disposition, who can be well (or easily) disciplined, having few faults, belonging to a class having few faults, who are wanting from not hearing the good dharma. adrkt = 3rd pers. sing. aor. par. d (saw) vyavalokayan = nom. sing. pres. part. (examining carefully)

[7] dv ca punar asya sattveu mahkaruvakrnt; atha bhagavs tasym vely gth bhate And having seen, his great compassion entered into the beings (he felt great compassion for the beings). Then, the Bhagavn utters the verse at that time. dv = gerund d (having seen) punar = indecl. (again, but) asya = gen. sing. mas. idam (his) sattveu = loc. plur. mas. sattva (being) mahkaru = nom. sing. fem. (great compassion) avakrnt = nom. sing. fem. ppp. ava+kram (enter) [8] apvariye amtasya dvra ye rotukm praudantu kk. vihehaprek pracura na bhe dharma prata manujeu brahman. I will open the door of deathlessness, (those) who are desirous of hearing let them drive away (their) desires. I do not speak much as one with a view for (causing) injury (to) the dharma conveyed to the humans, O Brahm. apvariye = 1st pers. sing. fut. ap+v (to open) rotukm = nom. plur. bah. (who are desirous of hearing) praudantu = 3rd pers. imp. pra+ud (drive away) kk = acc. plur. fem. kk (desires) vihehaprek = nom. sing. acc. tat. (with a view for injury) pracura = acc. sing. much bhe = 1st pers. sing. bh (speak) pratam = acc. sing. ppp. pra+ (convey, advance) manujeu = loc. plur. manuja (human) [9] atha brahmaa sabhpater etad abhavat: deayiyati bata bhagavn dharma, deayiyati bata sugato dharmam; Then, this (thought) occurred to Brahm, president of the assembly: Ah, Bhagavn will instruct the dharma. Ah, Sugata will instruct the dharma. [10] iti viditv hatuapramudita udagraprtisaumanasyajto bhagavata pdau iras vanditv bhagavanta tri pradakiktya tatraivntarhita. Having known thus, delighted, satisfied, happy, full of joy, pleasure and gladness, having saluted by the head the feet of Bhagavn, having circambulated Bhagavn thrice, became invisible there only. iti = thus viditv = gerund vid (having known) hatuapramudita = nom. sing. bah. (one who is delighted, satisfied, happy) udagraprtisaumanasyajta = from the Pali idiom, full of joy, etc. pdau = acc. dual pda (feet)

iras = inst. sing. irasa (head) vanditv = gerund vand (salute) bhagavanta = acc. sing. tri = thrice pradakiktya = gerund having done a pradaki (circambulation)