Resuelva

4 3 2
4 3 2
d Q d Q d Q dQ
8 32 64 64Q 0
dx dx dx dx
+ + =
Solucin
La ecuacin caracterstica tiene races 2 i2 y 2 i2 : de aqu que
1
2 i2 = y
2
2 i2 = son ambas races de multiplicidad dos. La solucin es:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2x 2x
1 3 2 4
2x 2x
1 2 3 4
y e c cos2x c sen2x xe c cos2x c sen2x
y c c x e cos2x c c x e sen2x
= + + +
= + + +





















y''''8y'''32y''64y'64y0
Input:
y
4
x 8 y
3
x 32 y

x 64 y

x 64 yx 0
ODE classification:
higher-order linear ordinary differential equation
Alternate forms:
y
4
x 8 y
3
x 32 y

x 64 y

x 64 yx
y
4
x 64 yx 8 y
3
x 4 y

x 8 y

x
y
4
x 32 y

x 64 yx 8 y
3
x 8 y

x
Differential equation solution:
Approximate form Stepbystep solution
yx c
1

2 x
sin2 x c
2

2 x
x sin2 x c
3

2 x
cos2 x c
4

2 x
x cos2 x
Generated by Wolfram|Alpha (www.wolframalpha.com) on March 23, 2014 from Champaign, IL.
Wolfram Alpha LLCA Wolfram Research Company
1
Solve 64
yx
x
32

2
yx
x
2
8

3
yx
x
3


4
yx
x
4
64 yx 0 :
Assume a solution will be proportional to
x
for some constant .
Substitute yx
x
into the differential equation:

4
x
4

x
8

3
x
3

x
32

2
x
2

x
64

x

x
64
x
0
Substitute

4
x
4

x

4

x
,

3
x
3

x

3

x
,

2
x
2

x

2

x
, and

x

x


x
:

x
8
3

x
32
2

x
64
x
64
x
0
Factor out
x
:

4
8
3
32
2
64 64
x
0
Since
x
0 for any finite , the zeros must come from the polynomial:

4
8
3
32
2
64 64 0
Factor:

2
4 8
2
0
Solve for :
2 2 or 2 2 or 2 2 or 2 2
The roots 2 2 both have muliplicity 2 and give y
1
x c
1

22 x
,
y
2
x c
2

22 x
, y
3
x c
3

22 x
x, y
4
x c
4

22 x
x as solutions, where c
1
,
c
2
, c
3
, and c
4
are arbitrary constants.
The general solution is the sum of the above solutions:
yx y
1
x y
2
x y
3
x y
4
x
c
1

22 x
c
2

22 x
c
3

22 x
x c
4

22 x
x
Apply Euler's identity

cos

sin:
yx c
1

2 x
cos2 x
2 x
sin2 x c
2

2 x
cos2 x
2 x
sin2 x
c
3
x
2 x
cos2 x
2 x
sin2 x c
4
x
2 x
cos2 x
2 x
sin2 x
Regroup terms:
yx c
1
c
2

2 x
cos2 x c
3
c
4

2 x
x cos2 x
c
1
c
2

2 x
sin2 x c
3
c
4

2 x
x sin2 x
Redefine c
1
c
2
as c
1
, c
1
c
2
as c
2
, c
3
c
4
as c
3
, and c
3
c
4
as c
4
, since these
are arbitrary constants:
Answer:
yx
c
1

2 x
cos2 x c
2

2 x
sin2 x c
3

2 x
x cos2 x c
4

2 x
x sin2 x
Resuelva por coeficientes indeterminados y' 5y (x 1)senx (x 1)cosx = + +
Solucin
De la ecuacin diferencial homognea y' 5y 0 = , su ecuacin caracterstica es
5 0 = , que tiene una nica raz
1
5 = . La solucin es entonces
5x
1
y c e =
Ahora determinamos la forma de la solucin particular de
y' 5y (x 1)senx (x 1)cosx = + +
Primero consideramos lo siguiente
Si en cambio
x
n
(x) e p (x)cos x
o
| = | es el producto de una funcin polinomial, una
exponencial y un trmino seno, o si
x
n
(x) e p (x)sen x
o
| = | es el producto de una
funcin polinomial, una exponencial y un trmino de coseno, entonces se asume

( ) ( )
x n x n
p n 1 0 n 1 0
y e sen x A x ... A x A e cos x A x ... A x A
o o
= | + + + + | + + +
Donde
j
A y
j
B ( )
j 0,1...,n = son constantes que an se deben de determinar

Aqu (x) (x 1)senx (x 1)cosx | = + + , una solucin asumida para (x 1)senx
esta dada por la ecuacin siguiente con 0 o = :
( ) ( )
1 0 1 0
A x A senx B x B cosx + + +
Y una solucin asumida para ( )
x 1 cosx + esta dada por:
( ) ( )
1 0 1 2
C x C senx D x D cosx + + +
(Obsrvese que se ha usado C y D en la ltima expresin, pues las constantes
A y B ya han sido usadas). Entonces tomamos
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
p 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
y A x A senx B x B cosx C x C senx D x D cosx = + + + + + + +
Combinando trminos similares llegamos a
( ) ( )
p 1 0 1 0
y E x E senx Fx F cosx = + + +
Como la solucin asumida, donde
j j j j j j
E A C y F B D(j 0,1) = + = + =
Adems ( ) ( )
p 1 1 0 1 0 1
y' E Fx F senx E x E E cosx = + + +
Sustituyendo estos valores en la ecuacin diferencial y simplificando, obtenemos:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
5E F xsenx 5E E F senx 5F E xcosx 5F E F cosx
(1)xsenx ( 1)senx (1)xcosx (1)cosx
+ + + + + + +
= + + +

Igualando coeficientes de trminos similares tenemos
1 1
0 1 0
1 1
0 0 1
5E F 1
5E E F 1
E 5F 1
E 5F F 1
=
+ =
=
+ =

Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones tenemos
1 0 1
E 2 / 13,E 71/ 338,F 3 / 13 = = = y
0
F 69 / 338 = . Entonces tenemos
que

p
2 71 3 69
y x senx x cosx
13 338 13 338
| | | |
= + + +
| |
\ . \ .


Y la solucin general es:

5x
1
2 71 3 69
y c e x senx x cosx
13 338 13 338
| | | |
= + + + +
| |
\ . \ .

y'5ysinxx1cosx
Input:
y

x 5 yx sinx x 1 cosx
ODE classification:
first-order linear ordinary differential equation
Alternate forms:
More
5 yx sinx x cosx cosx y

x
y

x 5 yx sinx x 1 cosx
y

x 5 yx sinx x cosx cosx

Differential equation solution:
Approximate form Stepbystep solution
yx c
1

5 x

1
26
x sinx
47 sinx
338

5
26
x cosx
45 cosx
169
Plots of sample individual solution:
x
y
y
y

y0 1
Sample solution family:
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
x
10
20
30
40
y
sampling y0
Generated by Wolfram|Alpha (www.wolframalpha.com) on March 23, 2014 from Champaign, IL.
Wolfram Alpha LLCA Wolfram Research Company
1
Plots of sample individual solutions:
x
y
y
y

y0 1
y

0 0
y

0 0
y
3
0 0
x
y
y
y

y0 0
y

0 1
y

0 0
y
3
0 0
x
y
y
y

y0 0
y

0 0
y

0 1
y
3
0 0
x
y
y
y

y0 0
y

0 0
y

0 0
y
3
0 1
Sample solution family:
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
x
60
40
20
20
40
60
80
y
sampling y0, y

0, y

0 and y
3
0
y''''-8y'''+32y''-64y'+64y=0
Generated by Wolfram|Alpha (www.wolframalpha.com) on March 23, 2014 from Champaign, IL.
Wolfram Alpha LLCA Wolfram Research Company
2
Solve the linear equation
yx
x
5 yx sinx x 1 cosx :
Let x

5 x

5 x
.
Multiply both sides by x:
yx
x

5 x

5 yx

5 x

cosx x 1 sinx

5 x
Substitute 5
5 x

x

5 x
:
yx
x

5 x


x

5 x
yx
cosx x 1 sinx

5 x
Apply the reverse product rule g
f
x
f
g
x


x
f g to the left-hand side:

x
yx

5 x

cosx x 1 sinx

5 x
Integrate both sides with respect to x:

x
yx

5 x
x

cosx x 1 sinx

5 x
x
Evaluate the integrals:
yx

5 x

5 cosx 13 x 18 13 x 47 sinx
338
5 x
c
1
, where c
1
is an arbitrary constant.
Divide both sides by x
5 x
:
yx
1
338
5 cosx 13 x 18 13 x 47 sinx 338 c
1

5 x

Simplify the arbitrary constants:

Answer:
yx
45 cosx
169

5
26
x cosx
47 sinx
338

1
26
x sinx c
1

5 x