Basel II NBS

IBM Industry Models
IBMs Banking Data Warehouse

Integrated enterprise data model support for Basel II
Belgrade, November 2008
Presenter: Susan Cotter IBM Banking Models Specialist
2008 IBM Corporation
IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse
Regulatory Compliance
There are multiple compliance challenges facing Financial Institutions
It is imperative that there is as much reuse as possible in the underlying IT Infrastructure. This is especially the case in terms of data consolidation and reporting requirements.
Basel II
International accord for the handling of risk & capital adequacy Requires the collection of 7 years of data Focuses on credit and operational risk Specifies need for supervisory control Reporting guidelines defined Serbian Compliance 2011
International Accounting Standards

International Financial Reporting Standards Enables common understanding of financial reports High quality, understandable and comparable reports Mandatory in EU, Australia, Russia and some ME and AP countries IASC Taxonomies for transfer of financial information
Corporate Governance
Systems Control Effectiveness Decision Support Evaluation Clarity of Financial Reporting Internal Control Assessments/ Reviews & Governance Financial Reporting Disclosure legislation in force in many countries, e.g. Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOA)
Anti Money Laundering

Many jurisdictions now have AML legislation in force (USA PATRIOT Act, UK Proceeds of Crime Act, etc). Financial Action Task Force (FATF) set up to establish an anti-money laundering network that would include regional anti-money laundering bodies
BDW Overview
Basel II Background
What is The Basel II Accord? A complex new standard for capital adequacy published by Bank of International Settlements Aimed at international banks and other financial institutions To promote safety and soundness in the financial system To align regulatory capital requirements more closely with underlying risks To offer incentives for institutions to pursue more sophisticated & effective risk management
EU Active Serbia
What is it trying to achieve?
CP 3
New Accord
Parallel run Basel I + II
Integrate into National law
When does it happen?

Evaluation QIS 3 Consultation phase
EU directive Preparation New Accord NBS Reg
QIS 3 Oct 02
Dec 02
May 03
July 03
June 04
Jan 06
Dec 06/07
Jul 08
2011
Commercial imperative
Key strategic decisions need to be taken now on the approach to be taken and the benefit that should be achieved over and above compliance
BDW Overview
Basel II Background - Opportunities & Challenges

Pillar 1: Minimum Capital requirements
Calculation and management of: Credit Risk Operational Risk Market Risk
Basel II Opportunities:
Improve shareholder value Economic capital savings Improve/maintain credit rating Improve risk management strategy Alignment of Risk & Finance Improve MIS in other areas Cost reduction through organizational realignment & process improvement Identify potentially dangerous portfolio positions and other risk sources
Pillar 2: Supervisory Review Process

Ensure banks have sound processes Ensure banks are adequately capitalized at all times Ensure banks are incentivised for improving their risk management practices
Basel II Challenges:
Strategic positioning Setting up Basel II programme Risk Framework Systems & data management
Pillar 3: Market Discipline

Quantitative and qualitative disclosure of undertaken risks and risk methodologies
Organisations should think of Basel II as a springboard to competitive advantage rather than What is the minimum I need to do to comply
BDW Overview 2008 IBM Corporation
Basel II Capital Adequacy Formula & Approaches

Regulatory Capital
8%
Risk-Weighted Assets For Credit Risk
+(
Capital Requirements For Market Risk
Capital Requirements For Operational Risk
)*
12.5
Standardized Basic Indicator Standardized Foundation IRB Standardized Internal Models Advanced IRB Alternative Standardized Securitization Framework Advanced Measurement
BDW Overview
Basel II and IAS / IFRS holistic view of Risk, Finance & MI

Pushing the need for an integrated & reliable data solution
Risk & Compliance
Increasing involvement of finance in managing corporate risk, partly driven by Basel II. Compliance with IFRS, SOx etc.
Performance Mgmt & Analytics

Developing a performance management framework and reporting mechanism (includes corporate consolidation)
Business Management Transformation

Holistic review of Operating model, best practice, Consistent MI, Risk and Financial Reporting. Ability to identify and meet the needs of the customer
Finance Systems
Efficiency and functionality of financial systems GL strategy and financial reporting systems (IFRS, COREP)
Business Ops Improvement

Greatest impact has been in Shared Services, Business Process Simplification and Rationalisation, and BPO
BDW Overview
Install Base of Key IBM Models Customers

More than 400 clients benefiting from IBM Industry Models
Why BDW Models?

18 years building dedicated banking models 7 years exposure to Basel II & implementations Integrated implementation solution with Pexim Tezauri Extensive enterprise data content
Optimized design for phased implementation and deliverable

Involves both business & IT in solutions Fast start to implementation
Not a complete list
BIG picture of current & future requirements

Content updated annually for major industry directives
The IBM The Information FrameWork (IFW)

A framework of related business models, describing different aspects of the analysis and design required to support a financial institution BASIS for enterprise architecture and model based application development Rapidly and accurately define the scope of projects, existing applications and new initiatives MODELS Definition of Business Terms.
IFW FOUNDATION
Enterprise-wide specification for data marts and the enterprise data warehouse
IFW DATA MODELS
IFW PROCESS & INTEGRATION MODELS
Detailed analysis of business processes. Comprehensive basis for process improvement and simplification
Data Warehouse
BDW Overview
Analysis and design of reusable services. Enterprise wide specification and design for software components and services oriented architectures
BDW Approach for data-warehouse

1. Create a common reference model for business language - common metadata, examples, etc.
Business Conceptual Model
2. Provide a fully integrated enteprise data warehouse model 1057 terms
BDW Design Model
3. Document end user requirements as a project scoping mechanism - what do we need to build first - designed using business terminology - user/project specific terminology 4. Document risk parameter/regulatory disclosure requirements as another method of project scoping - designed using risk terminology
Requirements
Supporting
BDW Overview
The data-warehouse architecture

Design Model
Requirements
Application & Analysis
Supporting
BDW Overview
The Business Conceptual Model

Design Model
Requirements
Supporting
Defining a common business language

What does Customer mean to each function? Who or what team has the whole picture?
Customers Clients Providers Personnel Recruits The modern day enterprise has diverse business and product MAP TO A COMMON LANGUAGE FOR THE operations ENTIRE ENTERPRISE offerings across many regions, departments, applications and groups. Accounts Consultant Organizations Associations Purchasers Societies Users Individuals Employees Resources Workers Staff People Participants Prospects
Buyer
The Business Conceptual Model

Financial Services Data Model (FSDM)
A consolidated, definitive and single reference of truth AND highly structured and navigatable
First define major types of business data
9 concepts based on characteristics of business data items
BDW Overview
Then - expand with data characteristics

Each of the 9 concepts has 3 hierarchies of information:Concept classification
What it is and what it can be expanded too?
The Concept Relationships
e.g. Involved Party types = Individual, Organization, etc.

Attributes Descriptor What properties it has? e.g. attributes such as Involved Party has a name
Relationship
How it relates to the rest of the concept data? e.g Individual lives at a Location
BDW Overview
Result Enterprise Taxonomy
Over 5000 data items already defined
BDW Overview
Providing a single vision of business information

Business Areas
Customer Mortgage Demand Deposits

Investment
For example, one system refers to Customer Life Cycle Status as {Pending, Active, Suspended, Inactive} Another system uses {Proposed, Rejected, Live, Dormant, Former} Another may only care that the customer is Active or Inactive. It is difficult for a business co-ordinating communication Conceptual between these application to determine any overlap and a common status of the data. Mapping to the Conceptual model will document the super-set of statuses with clear & full business descriptions.
System 1 Pending Active Suspended Inactive
Loans Term Deposits Trading
Conceptual
Potential Prospective Declined Rejected Active Dormant Former
ForEx
Credit Card
Portfolio Mngmt Other Apps
System 2 Proposed Rejected Live Dormant Former
System 3 Active Inactive
BDW Overview
The entity-relationship data warehouse model

Design Model
Requirements
Supporting
Reporting without and enterprise Data Warehouse

Operational Sources
Investment
Who are my Customers?

Inconsistent Reporting
Incorrect Reporting
What is my consolidated Risk & Finance position? Have risk management decisions No had an impact on our customer Consolidated High relationships? View of data What impact have our compliance challenges had on our annual profitability? . . Slow Report Creation . Duplication . of Work . .
Maintenance Costs
ForEx Credit Card Portfolio Mngmt Other Apps
The need for a central data repository

Operational Sources
Investment
Risk Applications
Banking Data Warehouse Design Model
Compliance
Asset & Liability Mgmt
ForEx Credit Card Portfolio Mngmt Other Apps

BDW Overview
Enterprise Wide information with full history Consistent reporting & common data definition Extensible solution for phased projects Reuse of extracts from operational sources Reduced load on operational sources Cost Effective Reporting Support all types of Sources & Reporting Apps
Relationship Management
Profitability
Potential to reuse existing data marts /reports or facilitates re-design 2008 IBM Corporation
Adding data-warehouse constructs
The model of the business data including how the data relates to each other and restrictions on the relationships The key data concepts from the Conceptual Model are expanded to capture this relationship information
Soid line indicates a mandatory relationship e.g. there must be an Involved Party associated with this relationship
Involved Party Initiates Arrangement:An Involved Party can directly initiate a relationship but this is a non-mandatory relationship e.g. an Arrangement doesnt have to have an initiating IP. Arrangement / Involved Party Rltnp:An Involved Party can be involved with many Arrangements and an Arrangement can have many associated Involved Parties.
Broken line indicates a non-mandotry relationship e.g. An Involved Party MAY initiate an Arrangement Circular notation indicates a recursive relationship e.g. an Arrangement can contain other Arrangements
This notation indicates conditions on the relationship e.g if zero, one or more(0, -, <) of these relationships can exist for the combination of the specific Involved Party and Arrangement.
The 3 entities above are an example of the 1057 currently modeled in 8.0. There are also 1400 relationships in the full model
BDW Overview
BII BDW and ongoing support for Basel II

BDW version 8.0 is the sixth development iteration of BDW where Basel II is a major focus.
In the first phase (2002) BDWM 3.1 focused on the majority of the atomic data required to be stored within a data warehouse from external and internal operational systems for the calculation of credit, market, and operational risk; and support of the basic level of reporting requirements for credit and operational risk that can be supported in the Business Solution Templates; i.e. The Standardized Approach to Credit Risk, and Basic and Standardized Approach to Operational Risk. In the second phase (2003), BDWM 3.2 was extended to cover the Internal Ratings-Based Approaches for Credit Risk (both Foundation and Advanced). In the third phase (2004), BDW 3.3 was extended to support Operational Risk assessment and loss information. It also included enhancements to support adjustments for the Revised Framework June 2004:- Basel II: International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: a Revised Framework In the fourth phase (2005) BDW 3.4 was extended to support the new Basel II paper on Counterparty Credit Risk, Double Default and Maturity Adjustments for trading related activities impacting the banking book July 2005:The Application of Basel II to Trading Activities and the Treatment of Double Default Effects In the fifth release (Q4 2006) BDW 7.0 was updated to support the comprehensive paper New doc bcbs128 International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards, A Revised Framework, Comprehensive Version. This document is a compilation of the June 2004 Basel II Framework, the elements of the 1988 Accord that were not revised during the Basel II process, the 1996 Amendment to the Capital Accord to Incorporate Market Risks, and the 2005 paper on the Application of Basel II to Trading Activities and the Treatment of Double Default Effects. No new elements have been introduced in this compilation. June 2006. However, BDW has been updated to address the minor enhancements from the November 2005 paper. The sixth release (2008) BDW 8.0 is a review of the Basel II requirements as adopted in industry including specific requirements for the US based Notice of Proposed Rulemaking.
BDW Overview
BDWM support for Basel II

The design to capture the low-level transactional data (atomic structures) coming from source systems that can be used in downstream RWA calculations.
Full Enterprise Data Warehouse Design covering all atomic data for Basel II
Support historical analysis for valuation exposure, management of positions, etc. Financial Instrument support including Corporate Finance, Treasury, Financial Market, Asset Securitization, Tranches, Credit Derivatives, Credit Defaults, etc. Rating Scales including ECAI, rating substitution on guarantor, issues, and risk management categories; e.g. Sovereigns, Public Sector Entities (PSE), Banks, etc... Rating models, value at risk, assessments, valuations, loss events, credit risk mitigation, structure of capital and regulatory capital, RWA, PD, LGD, EAD, EL, M, etc. Counterparties, Guarantor, Rating Agencies, Assets, Exposures, Non-Performing Loans, Losses, Write-offs, recoveries, provisioning, Collateral, Securities, Guarantee, Funds, Holdings, Netting Agreements, etc. Credit Risk (all BII approaches), Market & Operational Risk and support for Pillar 2 Concentration Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Reputation Risk, Systemic Risk, etc.
Predefined summary structures to store information for Basel II purposes e.g. Credit Risk Portfolio, Customer, Organization, Asset Securitization, Securitization Tranche, Netting Agreement, etc.

Design Model
Requirements
Supporting
Business Requirements Model

How to business requirements relate to technical data warehouse model
Business Conceptual Model Requirements
BDW Design Model
Allows business to define their requirements using their own terminology Allows IT to map those requirements to the design model 97 out of the box templates for fast start to document disclosures for Basel, IFRS, Profitability, Relationship Marketing, etc. Permanent project documentation Facilitates re-use of solutions & phased growth of the data warehouse
BDW Overview
How are the BSTs designed? How are the Requirements designed?
Basel II example, the market discipline disclosure requirements for Credit Risk Mitigation.
Requirement: Credit Risk Mitigation
Scope: Basel II P3 T 7 Credit Risk Mitigation
Measures
Total Collateralized Exposure Amt After Netting Total Exposure Amount Guarantee Or Derivative Exposure Amt Collateralized By Eligible Financial Collateral Exposure Amt Collateralized By IRB Collateral
Dimensions
Credit Risk Mitigation Type Portfolio Type Portfolio Arrangement Credit Risk Category
BDW Overview
There are 97 pre-defined Requirements in version 8.0

Relationship Marketing
Campaign Analysis Cross Sell Analysis Customer Attrition Customer Behavior Customer Complaints Activity Based Costing Analysis Business Procedure Performance Channel Profitability Customer Lifetime Value Customer Delinquency Customer Interaction Analysis Customer Investment Profile Customer Loyalty Customer Profitability Insurance Product Analysis Investment Arrangement Location Profitability Organization Unit Profitability Individual Customer Profile Lead Analysis Market Analysis Wallet Share Analysis Performance Measurement Product Analysis Product Profitability Profitability Analysis Transaction Profitability
Profitability
Risk
Asset & Liability Management
Compliance
For full list, please see BDW General Information Manual
Operational Risk Assessment Authority Profiling Insurance Risk Profile Operational Risk Loss Analysis Collections Analysis Interest Rate Risk Analysis Outstandings Analysis Credit Risk Analysis Involved Party Exposure Portfolio Credit Exposure Credit Risk Assessment Liquidity Risk Securitization Analysis Credit Risk Mitigation Assessment Location Exposure Security Analysis Customer Credit Risk Profile Non Performing Loan Value At Risk Analysis Debt Restructuring Capital Allocation Analysis Financial Market Transaction Net Interest Margin Variance Capital Procurement Position Analysis Funds Maturity Analysis Credit Loss Allowance High Value Outward Payments Short Term Funding Mgmt Equity Position Exposure Structured Finance Analysis Income Analysis Financial Management Accounting Interest Rate Sensitivity VWAP Analysis Liquidity Analysis Cash Flow Indirect Analysis SOX Analysis Balance Sheet Classified Cash Flow Indirect Financial SOX Balance Sheet Analysis Approach Analysis Institution Analysis SOX Cash Flow Analysis Balance Sheet Net Assets European Central Bank SOX Statement Of Change In Approach Analysis Reporting Shareholders' Equity Balance Sheet Order Of Liquidity Financial Capital Adequacy SOX Statement Of Income Approach Analysis Foreign Financial Account Statement Of Changes In Equity Balance Sheet Portfolio Basis Income Statement By Function Structure Of Regulatory Capital Approach Analysis Income Statement By Nature Suspicious Activity Analysis Best Execution Analysis Income Statement Financial Transaction Activity Analysis Cash Flow Direct Analysis Cash Flow Direct Financial Institution Institution Approach 2008 IBM Corporation
BDW Overview
Basel II Project Views in BDW

Projects for Pillar 1 Risk Components
Basel II P1 CCR Current Exposure Method CEM Basel II P1 CCR Internal Model Method IMM Basel II P1 CCR Standardized Method SM Basel II P1 Counterparty Credit Risk Basel II P1 Effective Maturity Basel II P1 Expected Loss & Provisions Basel II P1 Exposure At Default Basel II P1 IRB Credit Risk Basel II P1 Loss Given Default Basel II P1 Operational Risk Basel II P1 Probability Of Default Basel II P1 Securitization Framework Basel II P1 Short-Term MA In IRB Approach Basel II P1 Standardized Cntprty Risk Weights Basel II P1 Standardized Risk Weighted Assets Basel II P1 Treatment Of Double Default Basel II NPR Basel II Pillar 1 (P1) Items
Projects for Pillar 3 Disclosures

Basel II P3 T 1 Scope Of The Application Basel II P3 T 2 Capital Structure Basel II P3 T 3 Capital Adequacy Basel II P3 T 4 Allowance for Credit Losses Basel II P3 T 4 By Sector Or Counterparty Type Basel II P3 T 4 Credit Risk Exposure Detail Basel II P3 T 4 Geographic Breakdown Basel II P3 T 4 Impaired Loan & Allowance Basel II P3 T 4 Maturity Breakdown Basel II P3 T 5 Credit Risk Portfolio IRB Basel II P3 T 5 Credit Risk Portfolio STD Basel II P3 T 6 Counterparty Credit Risk Basel II P3 T 6 Credit Risk IRB Basel II P3 T 6 Credit Risk IRB Equity Basel II P3 T 6 Credit Risk IRB Retail Basel II P3 T 6 Credit Risk Losses IRB Basel II P3 T 6 Credit Risk Losses IRB Advanced Basel II P3 T 7 Credit Risk Mitigation Basel II P3 T 8 Securitization Disclosure Basel II P3 T 8 Securitization Early Amrtztn Basel II P3 T 9 Capital Adequacy Disclosure STD Basel II P3 T10 Capital Adequacy Disclosure IMA Basel II P3 T11 Operational Risk Basic Basel II P3 T11 Operational Risk Standardized Basel II P3 T12 Equity Disclosure Banking Book Basel II P3 T13 Interest Rate Risk Banking Book Basel II Pillar 3 (P3) Items
Projects in support of Pillar 2 Supervisory Review

Basel II P2 Collateral Management Basel II P2 Credit Loss Allowance Analysis Basel II P2 Economic Capital Allocation Basel II P2 Involved Party Exposure Basel II P2 Location Exposure Basel II P2 Non Performing Loan Analysis Basel II P2 Operational Risk Assessment Basel II P2 Operational Risk Loss Analysis Basel II P2 Outstandings Analysis Basel II P2 Portfolio Exposure Basel II P2 Revolving Credit Facility Securitization Basel II Pillar 2 (P2) Items
BDW Overview
BDW BST support for Basel II

Legend Pillar 1 C1 M1 O1 Pillar 2 B2 C2 R2 M2 I2 Pillar 3 Board & Management Oversight Sound Capital Assessment Risk Assessment Monitoring & Reporting Internal Control Review Credit Risk Market Risk Operational Risk
C3
R3
Capital
Risk Exposure & Assessment
BDW Overview

Design Model
Requirements
Supporting
What are EME Supporting Models?

Documentation of the parameters required for external engines e.g. Basel II Probability of Default etc. Provides a hierarchical breakdown of detailed elements
e.g. Exposure Classes Retail, Corporate, Equities, Sovereign, etc.
The BDW supports the definition of regulatory XSD documents e.g. IFRS
Heading Business Area
XML Schema
XML Schema
1Title 2Category 3Owner
1Title 2Category
transfer information
3Owner
Author
BDW Overview
Supporting models for Risk Basel II

Each Basel II hierarchy contains the data items required as parameters to a particular application interface.
Each data element is linked to the BDW Conceptual and Design models to show where the parameter information can be retrieved and results can be stored. The Supporting models are designed to be customized for the particular customer applications
Conceptual
Supporting
Design
BDW Overview
Supporting Model set

Risk
Credit Risk Internal Ratings Based Approach Credit Risk Standardized Approach Effective Maturity (M) Expected Loss (EL) and Provisions Exposure At Default (EAD) Loss Given Default (LGD) Operational Risk Probability Of Default (PD) Securitization Framework
Standards
Enterprise Payments Platform EPP Financial Markets (FM) IAS Measurement MISMO EMortgage
IFRS
Balance Sheet Classified Approach Balance Sheet Net Assets Approach Balance Sheet Order of Liquidity Approach Balance Sheet Portfolio Basis Approach Cash Flow Direct Cash Flow Direct Financial Insitution Cash Flow Indirect Cash Flow Indirect Financial Institution Income Statement By Function Income Statement By Nature Income Statement FI Approach Statement of Changes in Equity
Single European Payments Area

SEPA Bank To Bank Space SEPA Bank To Customer Space SEPA Customer To BankSpace SEPA Reversal Events SEPA Status Or Rject Or Return Events
BDW Overview
In Summary BDW Approach

how it works
Required Entities 1 ........ 1057
Project approach supports: Priorititised development Faster Implementation Focused Solutions Team Development Historic project records & documentation REUSE
Product Involved Party Arrangement PD Rating
BDW Design Model
Requirements
Project 2: Risk Assessment: Probability Of Default Supporting
Gaurantor Asset Class Eligible Collateral
Project 1: Involved Party Exposure

Product Account Counterparty
Resource Item
BDW Overview
BDW The central data warehouse for

Basel II Credit Risk IFRS / IAS
International Financial Reporting Standards / International Accounting Standards
Basel II Operational Risk Basel II Market Risk
AML
Anti Money Laundering / Fraud
BDW
Integrated Data Design Reuse of data elements Fully extandable for future requirements
RWA
Risk Weighted Assets
MiFID
Markets In Financial Instrument Directive
KYC
Know Your Customer
KPI
Key Performance Indicators
EPP
Enterprise Payments Platform
SEPA
Single European Payments Area
CRM
Customer Relationship Marketing
SOX
Sarbanes Oxley Act
MISMO
Mortgages Industry Standards Maintenance Organization
ALM
Asset & Liability Management
BDW Overview

Basel II NBS

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IBM Industry Models

IBMs Banking Data Warehouse

2008 IBM Corporation

IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse

International Accounting Standards

Anti Money Laundering

2008 IBM Corporation

IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse

What is it trying to achieve?

Parallel run Basel I + II

Integrate into National law

When does it happen?

EU directive Preparation New Accord NBS Reg

2008 IBM Corporation

IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse

Basel II Background - Opportunities & Challenges

Pillar 2: Supervisory Review Process

Pillar 3: Market Discipline

IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse

Basel II Capital Adequacy Formula & Approaches

Capital Requirements For Market Risk

Capital Requirements For Operational Risk

2008 IBM Corporation

IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse

Basel II and IAS / IFRS holistic view of Risk, Finance & MI

Performance Mgmt & Analytics

Business Management Transformation

Business Ops Improvement

2008 IBM Corporation

IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse

Install Base of Key IBM Models Customers

Why BDW Models?

Optimized design for phased implementation and deliverable

BIG picture of current & future requirements

IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse

The IBM The Information FrameWork (IFW)

IFW DATA MODELS

IFW PROCESS & INTEGRATION MODELS

2008 IBM Corporation

IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse

BDW Approach for data-warehouse

2. Provide a fully integrated enteprise data warehouse model 1057 terms

BDW Design Model

2008 IBM Corporation

IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse

The data-warehouse architecture

Application & Analysis

2008 IBM Corporation

IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse

The Business Conceptual Model

IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse

Defining a common business language

The Business Conceptual Model

IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse

First define major types of business data

9 concepts based on characteristics of business data items

2008 IBM Corporation

IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse

Then - expand with data characteristics

e.g. Involved Party types = Individual, Organization, etc.

2008 IBM Corporation

IBM Industry Models Banking Data Warehouse

Result Enterprise Taxonomy

Over 5000 data items already defined