June 2010 AgoodHumanComputerInterface (HCI)isimportantinanICTsystem. Foreachofthefollowing HCIgive anexampleofitsuse,andalsoone advantageandonedisadvantage.

1 (a)CommandLine [3] (b) GraphicalUserInterface [3]

June 2011 SeveraltypesofHumanComputer Interfaces(HCIs)areusedwith computersystems.Each typeof HCIprovides specificbenefitstothe user. Describeasensibledifferent useandbenefit,foreachtypeof HCIlistedbelow. (a)Biometricdevices [2] (b)Touchsensitivescreens [2] (c) GraphicalUserInterface(GUI) [2] (a)Theperformanceofacompany Auserinterfaceshouldallowa Goodqualityinformationmustuse hasbeenimprovedbyhavingupto gooddialoguebetweenhumans accurateandvaliddata. date,accurateand complete andcomputersystems.The task (a)Explainwhatismeantbythe information. Otherthanbyaiding oftendetermineswhichis themost termaccuratedata. [1] thedecisionmakingprocess, suitable.Foreachofthefollowing (b)Datamaypassavaliditycheck describe,usingdifferent examples, giveanappropriate use,advantage butmaynotbeaccurate.Usinga two waysinwhichgoodquality anddisadvantage: suitableexample, explainthe informationcanaddvaluetothe (a)Commandline [3] differencebetweenvalidityand company. [4] (b)Speechrecognitionsystems. [3] accuracy. [2] 2 (b)Describetwoofthecostsin (c)Discuss,usingsuitable termsofmoney,timeandhuman examples,twowaysinwhichgood resourcesinobtaininggood quality qualityinformationcanadd valueto information. Useasuitable, anorganisationbyaidingthe differentexampletoillustrateyour decisionmakingprocess. [4] answerineachcase. [4]

January 2011 (a)Definethetermsdataand knowledge.Bygivingtwodifferent examples,illustratewhat ismeantbyknowledge. [4] (b)Givetworeasonswhydatais encodedandgiveanexampleofa possibleproblemwith encoding data. [3]

AnarchitectusesComputerAided Design(CAD)software.Describe anadvantageofeach ofthe followingfeaturesofCADsoftware tothearchitect,whendesigninga 3 newbuilding. Rotate,stress/strain,wiredrawing, walkthrough [4]

Goodqualityinformationisneeded tomakeinformeddecisions.Other thanaccuracy, describethree characteristicsofgoodquality information,illustratingeach characteristicwith anappropriate distinctexample. [6]

Astudenthasbeenaskedtofind informationonalternativeenergy sources.Onemethodof finding suchinformationistousebooks fromtheschoollibrary. Statetwo differentelectronicmethodsof findingthisinformationandfor each, describeone distinct advantageofusingthis method overusingatextbook. [4]

January 2012 (a)Definethetermknowledge. Usingasuitableexample,illustrate therelationshipbetweendata, informationandknowledge. [4] (b)Otherthanittakeslesstimeto typein,givetworeasonstoexplain whydataisencodedbeforebeing enteredintoacomputersystem. [2] (c)Byreferringtoanappropriate example,describeoneproblem associatedwithencodingofdata [2] Goodqualityinformationmustuse accurateandvaliddata. (a)Explainwhatismeantbythe termaccuratedata. [1] (b)Dataenteredintoacomputer maynotbeaccuratebutstillbe acceptedasvalid. Usingasuitable example,explainthedifference betweenaccuracyandvalidity. [2] (c)Otherthaninformationbeing accurateandvalid,describeusing examples,twoothercharacteristics ofgoodqualityinformation. [2] (d)Otherthanbyaidingthe decisionmakingprocess,describe, usinganexample,onewayin which goodqualityinformationcanadd value toanorganisation. [2] ArchitectsuseComputerAided Design(CAD)softwarewhen designinganewhouse.Describe anadvantagethateachofthe followingfeaturesofCADsoftware givesanarchitectwhen designinga newhouse: zoomstress/strain walkthroughhatching/rendering [4]

June 2012 DefinethetermsData,Information andKnowledge.Useanappropriate exampletodemonstratethe relationshipbetweeneachofthe terms. [6]

(a)Goodqualityinformationis neededtomakeinformed decisions.Describefour characteristicsofgoodquality information. [4] (b)Therearefinancialcosts involvedingettinggoodquality information.Statetwoothercosts and,givingadifferentexamplefor each,showhowthesecostscan rise. [4]

Thequalityofdatacanoftenbe improvedbytheuseofvalidation techniques.Describetwodistinct typesofvalidationtechniquethat canbeusedandforeachtechnique youdescribe,giveanexampleof theerroritisdesignedtoprevent. [4]

June 2010 InformationSystemsareusedto processlargeamountsofdata. (a)Otherthanthequalityofdata beingentered,describethree factorsaffectingthe efficiencyof dataprocessingsystems. [3] (b)ICTsystemsprocessdatafaster 4 thenmanualsystems.Describetwo additionaladvantages ofICTover manualmethodsofdataprocessing using suitableexamplesineach case. [4]

January 2011 Schoolsuserelationaldatabase programsaspartoftheir administrationsystems. (a)Someofthefunctionsofthe programsarementionedbelow. Statethepurposeofeach functionandgiveanappropriate exampleofitsuse: (i) Query [2] (ii)Report [2] (iii)Import/export. [2] (b)Givetworeasonswhyrelational databases areusedratherthanflat files. [2] Validationandverificationarevery CAD(Computeraideddesign) importantinonlineshopping softwareallowsauser todraw systems. accurateplansanddesigns. (a)Explainindetailthedifference (a)Otherthanzoom orrotation, betweenvalidationandverification.[2] describetwootherfeaturesofa (b)Describe,usingsuitable CADpackage,givingan 5 differentexampleshowboth appropriatedistinctexampleofhow validationandverificationareused eachcouldbeused. [4] to reducedataentryerrorsinonline (b)ManyindustriesnowuseCAM shoppingsystems. [22] (Computeraidedmanufacture). Describebyusingan examplethe relationshipbetweenCADand CAM. [2] Databaseprogramsareoftenused Thepurposeofverificationand formedicalrecordkeeping.Define validationistominimiseerrorsin eachofthefollowing functionsofa data.Definetheterms verification databaseandgiveanappropriate andvalidation.Usingan exampleofitsuseinthiscontext. appropriateexample,describea 6 (a)Query [2] validationmethodthat schools (b)Report [2] coulduseintheirpupil record (c)Import/export [2] system. [4]

June 2011 Manyschoolsnowmakeincreasing useofdistance/onlinelearningand computerassisted learning(CAL) software. (a)Givetwoadvantagesandone disadvantageofdistance/online learning. [3] (b)Givetwoadvantagesandone disadvantageofCALsoftware. Youranswermustbe differentto thoseinpart(a). [3]

January 2012 Presentationsoftwareisusedto createtutorialsforpupilstolearn aboutnewsoftware.Describe thefollowingfeaturesandexplain howeachbenefitsthe presentation. (i)Animatedtransitions, [2] (ii)Templates, [2] (iii)Hyperlinks. [2]

June 2012 (a)Webpagesarenowbeing producedbylotsofpeopleathome. Explainthefollowingtermsin relationtowebauthoring,giving suitableexamplesineachcase: (i)Hyperlinks, (ii)Frame. [4] (b)Discussthebenefitsofusing HTMLtodesignwebpages. [2]

Schoolsaremakinganincreasing useofwordprocessingandDTP softwaretohelpwiththeir administration.Someofthe functionsoftheprogramsare mentionedbelow.Statethe purposeofeachfunctionandgive anappropriateexampleofitsusein aschool. (a)Mailmerge [2] (b)Template [2] (c)Macro [2] Expertsystemsnowhavean importantroleinHealthCare. (a)Definewhatismeantbyan expertsystem. [2] (b)Describetheadvantagesand disadvantagesfortheuseofexpert systemsinHealth Care. [5]

Electronicmailhasbecome essentialtomanycompanies becauseofthespeedwithwhichit cangetmessagesaroundthe globe.Otherthanspeed,explain theadvantagesanddisadvantages of using email. [4]

Peopleandorganisationsarevery concernedabouttheincreasinguse ofcomputersfor criminalpurposes. Discusswithreferencetosuitable exampleshowlegislationcovering theuseofcomputershasbeen usedtotryandaddressthese concerns. Youranswermust includethenamesoftheActsyou referto. [6]

Describethreewaysinwhich ICTis havinganeffectonhome entertainmentandleisure,giving a distinctlydifferentexampleineach case. [6]

Hospitalsmakeuseofcomputer networks. (a)Otherthansharingperipherals andemail,describethree benefits thatusingacomputer network givesthehospitalnetwork manager. [3] (b)AhospitalusesanIntranet. DefinethetermIntranetand describeoneadvantagetothe hospitalofhavinganIntranet. [2]

June 2010 Apersonhasdecidedtonetwork thestandalonecomputersintheir home. (a)Discusstheadvantagesand disadvantagesofnetworks,when usedinthehome. [3] (b)Describethebenefitofhaving 7 accesstotheInternetathome. [2]

SchoolsuseICTsystemsfor administrationandforteachingand learning. (a)Discussthedifferentmethodsof registrationthatareusedin schools,lookingatboththe benefits anddrawbacksthattheybringto schools. [8] (b)Discussthebenefitsand drawbacksofusingICTtosupport 8 teachingandlearningusing appropriateexamplestoillustrate youranswer. [10]

January 2011 .Banksmustprotecttheironline systemsfrombothdeliberate crimesandaccidental destructionof data. (a)TheComputerMisuseActwas introducedtopreventvarious crimes.Describeusing distinctly differentexamplesineachcase, howtwoofthesecrimescould affectthe onlinebankaccountsof home users. [4] (b)Describehowonlinebank accountdatacanbeprotectedfrom accidentallossor damagetodata. [2] Alargesupermarketcompanyhas manyshops throughoutthecountry. (a)In eachsupermarket,barcodes areusedextensivelyforthe recordingofstockand purchases. Explainwhatabarcodeis,howitis usedtorecordstockandsales,and discuss theadvantagesand disadvantages tothecompanyof usingbarcodes. [6] (b)Thecompanymakesuseofjust intime forstockcontrol.Explain howajustintime stockcontrol systemworksanddiscussthe advantages anddisadvantagesit offersthe company. [7] (c)Thecompanyalsowants to developtheonlinesideoftheir business. Describethebenefitsand limitationsofonlineshoppingforthe companyandits customers. [4]

June 2011 Otherthanthespeedofprocessing, describethreeadvantagesofICT overmanualmethodsof processing usingasuitabledistinctexamplein eachcase. [6]

January 2012 Efficientdataprocessingsystems offermanyadvantageswhen processinglargeamountsofdata. (a)Otherthanhardwareandthe qualityofdatabeingentered, describethreefactorsaffecting the efficiencyofdataprocessing systems. [3] (b)ICTsystemssearchand processdatamuchfasterthan manualsystems.Describetwo additionaladvantagesofICTover manualmethodsof dataprocessing usingsuitable examplesineach case. [4] ICThashadahugeimpacton TheHealthServicemakes homeentertainment. extensiveuseofICT. (a)Describe,usingdistinctly (a)TheHealthServicemakesuse differentexamples,four ofExpertSystems.Statethethree developmentsandthebenefitsthat maincomponentsofanexpert thesehavebroughttohome systemand thendescribe,with entertainment. [12] examples,theadvantagesand (b)Discussdifferentdisadvantages disadvantagesofusinganexpert inusingICTforhome systemintheHealthService. [8] entertainment. [6] (b)Patientcarehasbeengreatly improvedbytheuseofICTin hospitals.Discuss,usingexamples, howbloodtracking,bodyscanning and sensorsareusedinpatient care.Discusstheadvantagesand disadvantageseachofthese methodologieshasbroughtto patientcare. [10]

June 2012 Businessisbecomingmorereliant onICT. (a)Describeindetailwhatismeant byEFT. [2] (b)Describewhatismeant by EPOSanddiscussthebenefitsof EPOSfortheretailer. [5]

(a)SchoolsandcollegesuseICTto registerpupils.Describethree differentcomputerbasedmethods ofregistrationusedinschoolsand collegesanddiscuss,ingeneral, theadvantagescomputerbased registrationsystemsgivetheschool orcollege.Stateaspecificdifferent disadvantageforeachofyour chosenmethods. [10] (b)Describethreedifferentusesof computers forTeachingand Learning,givingdifferent advantagesanddisadvantagesfor theseuses. [8]

June 2010 Weatherforecastingisonearea whichnowusessimulation modelling.Describe,ingeneral, how themodelsarecreatedandthe 9 advantageanddisadvantageof modellinginthiscontext. [4]

(a)Describethepurposeorfunction oftwodifferentformulasfromthe listbelow,whichyou haveusedin yourspreadsheet. SINGLEIF,MULTIPLEIF,DATE, ROUND [4] (b)(i)Identifywhereyouuseda macroinyourspreadsheetand describeitspurpose. [2] (ii)Identifywhereyouusedagraph inyourspreadsheetanddescribe itspurpose. [2] 10 (c)Describetwomethodsof simplifyingdataentryyouusedin yourspreadsheet.Givea different benefitforeachmethod. [4] (d)Identifyanddescribethe purposeorfunctionoftwoother differentadvancedprocessesyou usedinyourspreadsheet. Donot describeanyformula,functionor processusedearlierinparts10(a), (b)or(c) [4]

January 2011 Alargestationerycompanywould liketousecomputer softwareto givecustomersquotations fortheir stationeryneedsandtoworkout commissionfortheirsalesstaff. Describethe benefitsofusing spreadsheetsoftwareforthese tasks. [4] (a)Describeindetailthepurposeof onefunctionfromlistAandtwo functions fromlistB, whichyou haveusedinyourspreadsheet. A:SUM,COUNT,MAX,MIN, AVERAGE,RAND B:SingleIF,MultipleIF,DATE, ROUND [6] (b)Describetwomethodsyou used inyourspreadsheettotryand ensurethatincorrect datawasnot usedinyour spreadsheet. [6] (c)Otherthanthefunctions mentionedinquestion (a)orthe methodsdescribedin (b)describe twocompletelydifferentprocesses orfunctionsyouusedinyour spreadsheet. [4]

June 2011 (a)Definewhatismeantby simulationmodelling. [1] (b)Describeaspecificuseof simulationmodellingforfinancial forecasting,andgiveone advantageandonedisadvantage forthisuse. [3] (a)Describethepurposeorfunction oftwodifferentfunctions/features fromthefollowing listyouusedin yourspreadsheet: SingleIF,MultipleIF,DATE, ROUND,Absolutereferencing [4] (b)Describetwomethodsof simplifyingdataentryyoucreatedin yourspreadsheetstating two differentadvantagesofusingsuch techniquesforenteringdataintoa spreadsheet. [4] (c)Identifyanddescribeone methodofvalidationerrortrapping usedinyourspreadsheet, and describetheerror message produced. [4] (d)Describethepurposeorfunction ofamacroandofoneother differentprocessyouused inyour spreadsheet. Inyouranswerdonot describeanyfeature,function or processyougaveinparts (a),(b)or (c). [4]

January 2012 Abuildingcompanyusesa spreadsheettocalculatestaff wagesandalsotogivequotesfor buildingprojectstocustomers. Describethebenefitsthecompany getsfromusingspreadsheet softwareforthesetwopurposes. [4] (a)Describethe functionorpurpose oftwodifferentformulas,fromthe listbelow,whichyouhaveusedin yourspreadsheet. SUM,COUNT,MAX,MIN, AVERAGE,RAND [4] (b)Describetwomethodsof simplifyingdataentryyouusedin yourspreadsheet,givingadifferent benefit foreachmethod. [4] (c)Describetwodifferent typesof macroyouusedinyour spreadsheet,statingwhyyouused eachone. [4] (d)Describe,givingthepurpose, twodifferentfunctionsorprocesses youusedinyour spreadsheet. In youranswerdonotdescribeany formula,functionorprocesslistedin (a)ormentionedinyouranswersto (b)or(c). [4]

June 2012 (a)Describewhatismeantby simulationmodelling. [1] (b)Describetheadvantagesand disadvantagesofusingsimulation modellingincarcrash analysis. [3]

(a)Describethepurposeorfunction ofoneformulafromlistAandtwo differentformulasfromlistB,which youhaveusedinyourspreadsheet. A:SUM,COUNT,MAX,MIN, AVERAGE,RAND B:SingleIF,MultipleIF,DATE, ROUND [6] (b)Describethewayyouuseda VLOOKUPfunction(orits variations)inyourspreadsheet, givingoneadvantageandone disadvantageofusingthisfunction inyourspreadsheet. [3] (c)Describeonemethodof validationerrortrappingusedin yourspreadsheet. [3] (d)(i)DescribeaSORTusedin yourspreadsheetandstatewhy you requiredthedatatobesorted. [2] (d) (ii)DescribeaGRAPHusedin yourspreadsheetandthereason youputthedataintheformofa graph. [2]