THE VERB II

FUTURE TENSE CONDITIONAL MOOD

First Part: FUTURE TENSES 1 Future Simple

1.1 Forms
Affirmative/Positive:
Subject + shall*/will + short infinitive Ex: You will go; We shall eat etc. * We use shall for the first person singular and plural

Negative:
Subject + shall/will + N ! + short infinitive Ex: !he" will not swi#; $ shall not drin%

Interrogative:
Will/shall + subject + short infinitive Ex: Will "ou go to school& Shall we leave without hi#&

1.2 Uses and restrictions

To denote actions to be performed in the future
$ shall be '( ne)t wee%. *ow #uch will "ou pa" for this&

To denote a spontaneous decision

Wait+ $ shall co#e with "ou.

To denote an opinion, hope, uncertainty or assumption regarding the future

We shall hopefull" return this wee%.

To denote a promise
$ shall do #" ho#ewor% as soon as $ co#e bac%.

To denote an action in the future that cannot be influenced

$t will snow tonight.

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! N!T USE T"E FUTURE #N TE$P!R%& %N Use the Present Simple instead)

'!N #T#!N%& '&%USES(

$ shall call "ou when "ou co#e bac%. !he car will start if "ou turn the %e".

1.3 Exercises
1.3.1 Put the fo o!ing sentences into the Future "im# e:

,i# as%ed a fortune teller about his future. *ere is what she told hi#1. You .earn/ '. You .travel/ (. You .#eet/ 0. 1ver"bod" .adore/ 2. You .not / have/ 3. 4an" people .serve/ 5. !he" .anticipate/ 6. !here .not / be/ 7. 1ver"thing .be/ 18. 9ut all these things .happen / onl"/ a lot of #one". around the world. lots of interesting people. "ou. an" proble#s. "ou. "our wishes. an"thing left to wish for. perfect. if "ou #arr" #e.

1.3.2 $a%e sentences !ith the fo o!ing !ords using the Future "im# e:
1. '. (.

the" / share / their sweets :ositiveNegative;uestionhe / pa" / cash :ositiveNegative;uestion$ / close / the door :ositiveNegative(

 0. 2. 3.

;uestion!ina / paint / a picture for us :ositiveNegative;uestion,ohn / dial / the nu#ber for "ou :ositiveNegative;uestion9en / brea% / the rules :ositiveNegative;uestion-

* Future 'ontinuous+Progressi,e 2.1 Forms

Affirmative/Positive:
Subject + shall/will + 91 +vb<ing I shall be going.

Negative:
Subject + shall/will + N ! + 91 +vb<ing He will not be eating.

Interrogative:
Shall/will + subject + 91 +vb<ing Will they be talking?

2.2 Uses
To denote an action that is going on at a certain time in the future
What will =harlie be doing at ' o>cloc% to#orrow&

To denote an action that is sure to happen in the near future

We shall be s%iing in the ?lps this winter.

2.3 Exercises
2.3.1 Put the fo o!ing sentences into the Future &ontinuous:. 1. ?t #idnight we .sleep/ '. !his ti#e ne)t wee% we .sit/ (. ?t nine $ .watch/ 0. !onight we .cra# up/ 2. !he" .dance/ 3. *e .not / pla"/ 5. $ .not / wor%/ 6. .eat / "ou/ 7. .drive / she/ 18. .fight / the"/ the news. for our 1nglish test. all night. all afternoon. all da". at si)& to @ondon& again& . at the beach.

2.3.2 Use the !ords 'e o! to ma%e sentences using the future continuous. a/ $ / to read a boo% <
b/ c/ d/ e/ f/ g/ h/

it / to rain < he / to repair his bi%e < the" / to watch a fil# < the cat /to sleep on the chair < ,ane and 1#il" / to do their ho#ewor% < 9ill / to wait at the bus stop < we / to listen to the radio <

- Future Perfect Simple 3.1 Forms

Affirmative/Positive:
Subject + shall/will + have+ (rd for# of verb I shall have seen that movie by 8.00.

Negative:
Subject + shall/will+ N ! + have + (rd for# of the verb He will not have done his homework by tomorrow. 2

 Interrogative:
Shall/will + subject + have + (rd for# of the verb Will John have eaten his pudding b" the end of the #ovie&

3.2 Uses
To denote an action completed before something in the future
By next Tuesday, I will have received an answer.

3.3 Exercises
3.3.1 Put the fo o!ing sentences into the Future Perfect "im# e: 1. 9" 7 oAcloc% we .coo%/ '. !he" .eat/ (. $n one wee% he .cross/ 0. She .go/ 2. ,ane .not / finish/ 3. Bred .not/return/ 5. !he sun .not / rise/ 6. .do / "ou/ 7. ur boss .not / leave/ 18. .bu" / she/ ho#e. her wor%. fro# his trip b" 4onda". b" 0 oAcloc%. the washing up b" si) oAcloc%& the office "et. the new car& b" then. the ?tlantic. dinner.

. Future Perfect 'ontinuous+Progressi,e (.1 Forms

(.1.1 Affirmative/Positive: Subject + shall/will+ *?C1 + 911N + vb<ing At ten o !lo!k I shall have been working "or two ho#rs.

(.1.2 Negative: Subject + shall/will+ N ! + *?C1 + 911N + vb<ing In $e!ember they will not have been smoking "or ten years. (.1.3 Interrogative: Shall/will + subject + *?C1 + 911N + vb<ing Will they have been slee%ing "or two ho#rs when the alarm starts?

(.2 Use
!his tense puts e#phasis on the course/duration of an action

A continuous action ta%ing # ace 'efore a certain time in the future

9" the end of the class he will have been spea%ing for one hour.

(.3 Exercises
(.3.1 Put the fo o!ing sentences into the Future Perfect Progressive:

9" the end of the wee% $ .wor%/ four #onths. 9" the end of this #onth we .live/ for si) "ears. 9" the end of the ter# she .stud"/ "ears. 9" #idnight we .pla"/ for 06 hours. She .tal%/ !he" .loo% for/ *e .pla"/ You .watch/ *e .not / sleep/ .wait / the"/

here for together for nine this co#puter ga#e on the phone for hours. #e all night long. soccer all da" long. !C all the ti#e. all #orning. for ' hours&

/ E0ercises on Future Perfect Simple and Future Perfect 'ontinuous+Progressi,e ).1 Put the ver's into the correct tense *future #erfect sim# e or future #erfect #rogressive+

1. By the time we get to Chicago this evening, we (drive) more than four hundred miles. We are going to e exhausted. !. When "arah goes on vacation next month, she (study) #erman for over two years. "he should e a le to communicate fairly well while she is in $ustria. %. I have not traveled much yet& however, I (visit) #rand Canyon and "an 'rancisco y the time I leave the (nited "tates. ). By the time you finish studying the ver tense tutorial, you (master) all twelve tenses including their *assive forms. +. ,rive faster- If you don.t hurry u*, she (have) y the time we get to the hos*ital. the a y the

/. I came to 0ngland six months ago. I started my economics course three months ago. When I return to $ustralia, I (study) ( e) for nine months and I in 0ngland for exactly one year.

1. 2argie 3ust called and said she would e here at 4566 o.cloc7. By the time she gets here, we (wait) for her for two hours.

4. 'ran7 has 3ust changed 3o s again. If he 7ee*s this u*, he (change) 3o s at least four or five times y the end of the year. 8. Come over to my house around 8 o.cloc7. By then, I (com*lete) history essay and we can go see a movie. 16. In 9une, my grandmother and grandfather ( e) my

married for fifty years.

1 2e 3oing To 4 ,.1 Uses

Ex#ress an action in the near future that has a read- 'een # anned or #re#ared I am going to study more next semester.

A conc usion regarding the immediate future It is going to rain today. Look at the clouds!

,.2 Exercise
,.2.1 Put the fo o!ing sentences into the future using .e /oing 0o !he last #ar%eting<ca#paign was not reall" successful. !he organisers of that ca#paign have therefore co#e together to discuss what went wrong. Now the" are e)plaining whatAs going to be different in the ne)t ca#paign. 1. ;uestion- What .change / "ou/ ca#paign& '. ?nswer- We .start/ earlier. (. ?nd we .focus/ 0. ;uestion- *ow .do / "ou/ 2. ?nswer- We .cra# / not/ infor#ation into our ca#paign. 3. $nstead+ the ca#paign .leave/ #essage. 5. ;uestion- Which target group .reach / "ou/ 6. ?nswer- ur ne)t ca#paign .target/ housewives aged (8 to 08. 7. ;uestion- *ow .get / "ou/ bu" our products& 18. ?nswer- !he ca#paign .#a%e/ these products can #a%e life a lot easier for the housewife. at these prospects to clear that in the ne)t planning the ca#paign on a specific target group. that& that #uch just one clear &

5 2e To 4 1.1 Use

Ex#ress an arrangement2 immediate # ans We are to meet them at the train station. I am to be there tomorrow at 11.

6 2e %bout To 4 3.1 Use

Ex#ress an immediate future action !hose fu fi ment is imminent The waitress is about to drop the coffee mug.

7 Present Simple 4.1 Use

To denote future actions *ca endars2 timeta' es2 #rogrammes+:
The plane leaves at 1 !"# $%.

18 Present 'ontinuous 15.1 Use

0o denote future actions *#ersona # ans+:
%y parents are coming tomorrow.

11 E0ercises on the Future 11.1 Put the ver's in 'rac%ets into the correct tense:
1. I (7now) 18 the answer tomorrow.

'. By next "unday my friend (stay) wee7s. (. :e (resem le) 0. The exhi ition ( e) 2. :e (tell) (have)

in ed for two his father in a few years; time. due to close on 'riday next wee7. you what you want to 7now when he enough time.

3. They (get) next wee7. 5. I see that you are wearing your gardening gloves. (you, do) some weeding< 6. By the time you (come) the whole wor7 alone. 7. =I;ll come at three o;cloc7.> =#ood, I (ex*ect) 18. I ho*e you (not forget) summer. all a out me y next you.> home I (finish)

11.2 0rans ate into Eng ish

1. !e voi che#a cand va veni. '. $si va face baia pana te vei treDi. (. Stia# ca va sosi la ti#p. 0. =e vei face #aine pe vre#ea asta& 2. $l voi vedea sapta#ana viitoare. 3. 4a vei #ai iubi cand voi avea 38 de ani& 5. :ana la ora sapte el va fi studiat de doua ore. 6. Er#eaDa sa tina un discurs in :arla#ent #aine.

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7. ?Di ave# repetitie la ora 18.88. 18. Coiai sa spui ceva. 11. Fe aDi intr<o sapta#ana sunt trei ani de cand s<au casatorit. 1'. $ti voi da de veste i#ediat ce soseste.

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"econd ?art5 'onditional $ood and 'onditional 'lause

'onditional $ood
1* Simple Present 'onditional

12.1 Forms
Affirmative/Positive:
Subject + would + short infinitive Ex: You would go.

Negative:
Subject + would + N ! + short infinitive Ex: !he" would not swi#.

Interrogative:
Would + subject + short infinitive Ex: Would "ou go to school&

12.2 Uses
To denote actions that might happen
$ would close this deal i##ediatel". *ow #uch would "ou suffer for hi#&

% main clause connected to a conditional clauses type ##

$ wouldn>t do that if $ were "ou.

12.3 Exercise
Put the verbs into the correct or! "#resent con$ition%&'( 1. !he" .wal%/ 1( to the station.

'. *e .tell/ (. $ .go/ 0. !he" .watch/ 2. You .not / sa"/ 3. She .not / do/ 5. .give / "ou/ 6. $ .not / wait/ 7. .wa%e / she/ 18. .help / the"/

"ou the truth. ho#e. a scar" #ovie. that. this. hi# this letter& an" longer. #e up at si) oAcloc%& hi# in the garden&

1- 'ontinuous+Progressi,e Present 'onditional 13.1 Forms

Affirmative/Positive:
Subject + would + 91 +vb<ing I wo#ld be going.

Negative:
Subject + would + N ! + 91 +vb<ing He wo#ld not be eating.

Interrogative:
Would + subject + 91 +vb<ing Wo#ld they be talking?

13.2 Use
To put emphasis on the course+duration of an action that might ta9e place $f $ hadn>t seen the# together+ would the" still be l"ing to #e& 10

13.3 Exercise
13.3.1 Put the ver's into the correct form *conditiona #rogressive+. Use !ou d. 1. Esuall" $ .wor%/ '. !he bab" .sleep/ (. We .write/ 0. $f the #usic were better+ ever"bod" .dance/ 2. $f $ had not bro%en #" leg+ $ .dive/ =aribbean now. 3. $f the weather were better+ we .sit/ now. 5. *e .watch/ plug. 6. She .go out/ had not snapped hi# first. 7. $f "ou had ta%en another route+ we .not / stand/ in the traffic ja#. 18. .wait / she / still/ pic%ed her up& for #e now if $ had not with that cutie if her best friend !C now if $ had not pulled out the outside in the at this ti#e. now. a test now. 9ut our teacher is sic%. now.

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1. Simple Past 'onditional 1(.1 Forms

Affirmative/Positive:
Subject + would + have+ (rd for# of verb I wo#ld have seen that movie i" it hadn t been "or him.

Negative:
Subject + would+ N ! + have + (rd for# of the verb He wo#ld not have done his homework.

Interrogative:
Would + subject + have + (rd for# of the verb Wo#ld Jane have eaten her desert?

1(.2 Uses
%n action that could ha,e ta9en place in the past
$ would have received an answer sooner.

% main clause connected to a conditional clauses type ###

$ would have called "ou if $ hadn>t been so bus".

1(.3 Exercises
1(.3.1 Put the fo o!ing sentences into the "im# e Past &onditiona : 1. !he" .wal%/ '. We .sleep/ (. $ .win/ 0. *e .tell/ 2. $ .not / open/ 3. We .not / sa"/ 5. She .not / drive/ 6. .do / he/ 13 that& to the station. in the tent. the race. her. the door. that. that fast.

7. .travel / "ou/ 18. .begin / the"/

b" train& earlier&

1/ 'ontinuous+Progressi,e Past 'onditional 1).1 Forms

1).1.1 Affirmative/Positive: Subject + would+ *?C1 + 911N + vb<ing Jared wo#ld have been working. 1).1.2 Negative: Subject + would+ N ! + *?C1 + 911N + vb<ing &hey wo#ld not have been swimming. 1).1.3 Interrogative: Would + subject + *?C1 + 911N + vb<ing Wo#ld they have been slee%ing?

1).2 Use
!his tense puts e#phasis on the course/duration of an action

0o #ut em#hasis on the course/duration of an action that cou d have ta%en # ace in the #ast
Would she have been coo%ing if she had %nown that he wouldn>t co#e&

1).3 Exercise
1).3.1 Put the fo o!ing sentences into the Progressive Past &onditiona : 1. *e .wor%/ the accident happened. 9ut that da" he went ho#e earlier. '. $f the stor# had not frightened the#+ the %ids .sleep/ all night. (. $f $ had not send the# outside+ the" .sit/ in front of the co#puter all da". 15 when

0. $f he had won the race+ he .celebrate/ three da"s in a row. 2. $f he had not had to go ho#e+ we .pla"/ chess all night. 3. !he" .drin%/ night. 9ut the" ran out of #one". 5. *e .fl"/ ?ustralia+ if he had not #issed the plane. 6. She .not / stud"/ !oronto for ' "ears if her parents had not wanted her to. 7. We .not wal%/ around in the woods all night if the" had told us it was dangerous. 18. .ga#ble / he/ night long if we had not stopped hi#& all to all

in

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'onditional 'lause or #F 'lause

T)#e

I
II

M%in C&%use Present+ Future !he" will walk in the par% Present Con$ition%& ?ndrea would go to the cine#a $ wouldn>t sa" an"thing to hi#

IF*UNLESS if

Con$ition%& C&%use PRESENT the weather is nice. PAST TENSE .the verb !o 91 G W1H1 for all persons/ she had a friend to go with. $ were "ou. PAST PERFECT 1#il" hadn>t stopped us.

if if

III

P%st Con$ition%& We would have eaten the whole ca%e if

1).( Exercises
1).(.1 &onditiona c ause t-#e I.

Put the fo o!ing sentences into the correct tense:

1. !he table will collapse if "ou .stand/ '. $f $ see hi# $ .give/ (. $f "ou eat all that "ou .be/ 0. $f $ find "our passport $ .telephone/ 2. !he police .arrest/ 3. $f "ou read in bad light "ou .ruin/ 5. So#eone .steal/ 6. What will happen if #" parachute .not open/ 7. $f "ou #ow the grass $ .give/ 18. $f "ou put on a %ettle $ .#a%e/ 11. $f "ou .not go/ 1'. $ .be/ 1(. $f he .be/ 10. Enless "ou wor% ver" hard "ou .not be/ 17 "ou I'. the tea. awa" $>ll send for the police. ver" angr" if "our dog bites #e again. late we>ll go without hi#. successful. hi# a lift. sic%. "ou at once. Bran% if the" catch hi#. "our e"es. "our car if "ou leave it unloc%ed. & on it.

1).(.2 &onditiona c ause t-#e II.

Put the fo o!ing sentences into the correct tense:

1. $f $ had a t"pewriter $ .t"pe/ '. *e .loo%/ (. $f "ou pla"ed for lower sta%es "ou .not lose/ 0. $f $ .%now/ 2. 4ore tourists .co#e/ cli#ate. 3. $f $ were sent to prison+ ."ou visit/ 5. $ wouldn>t drin% that wine if $ .be/ 6. $ .bu"/ 7. $f he wor%ed #ore slowl" he .not #a%e/ 18. $f so#eone gave "ou a helicopter+ what ."ou do/ 11. $f he .clean/ 1'. $f "ou drove "our car into the river+ ."ou be able/ out& 1(. =onversation would beco#e i#possible if one .sa"/ e)actl" what one thought. 10. $f $ .win/ 12. $ could tell "ou what this #eans if $ .%now/ 13. $f ever"one gave I' we .have/ enough. a big priDe in a lotter" $>d give up #" job. Jree%. it #"self. a lot better if he shaved #ore often. so #uch. his address $ would give it to "ou. to this countr" if it had a better #e& "ou. shares in that co#pan" if $ had so#e #one". so #an" #ista%es. with it& his windscreen he>d be able to see the road. to get

1).(.3 &onditiona c ause t-#e III.

Put the fo o!ing sentences into the correct tense:

1. $f $ had %nown that "ou were in hospital $ .visit/ '. $f the captain had been #ore careful his ship .not be/ sun%. (. $f "ou .arrive/ a seat. ten #inutes earlier "ou would have got "ou.

0. You would have seen #" garden at its best if "ou .be/ here last wee%. '8

2. $ wouldn>t have believed it if $ .not see/ own e"es. 3. $f he had slipped he .fall/ 5. $f he had as%ed "ou+ ."ou accept/ 6. !he burglars .not do/ loc%ed all the drawers. 7. $f $ .%now/ ca%e. 288 #eters. &

it with #"

so #uch da#age if "ou hadn>t that "ou were co#ing $>d have ba%ed a

18. $ .offer/ to help hi# if $ had realiDed that he was ill. 11. $f "ou had told #e that he never paid his debts $ .not lend/ hi# the #one". 1'. $f "ou .spea%/ "ou. 1(. $f he had %nown the whole stor" he .not be/ 10. $f $ .tr"/ #ore slowl" he #ight have understood so angr". again $ thin% that $ would have succeeded.

12. $f $ .be/ read" when he called he would have ta%en #e with hi#. 13. $f he had put out his pipe before putting it in his poc%et he .not burn/ a hole in his coat.

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