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HIDRAULICA 2
TALLER 2
HIDRAULICA 2
TALLER 2
1. El canal trapezoidal que se muestra en la figura est construido en ladrillo (n
= 0,0150) y tiene una pendiente 1:400. a) Determine el caudal si la
profundidad normal es de 60 cm. b) Si la superficie del canal es en tierra
limpia que se erosiona si la velocidad excede 1,3 m/s Cul es la
profundidad de flujo mxima para que no se produzca erosin en el canal?
Solucin:
= / /
Parte a:
0.60 m
x
60
tan 60 =
z
= + = 2
1
= 0.0025
400
cos 60 =
0.6
0.6
0.6
cos 60
= 1.2
+ ( ) = ( ) + ( ) = (1.03923 0.6) + (2 0.6)
2
= 1.8235 2
= 2 + 2 = 2 + 2(1.2) = 4.4
=
1.8235 2
=
= 0.41443
4.4
/ /
=
= .
. . = .
Parte b:
= 1.3
= 1
( + ) (2 + 2 tan 60)
=
2
2
2
=
2/3 1/2
2 + 2(
)
cos 60
1 = 2
1
2/3 1/2 1
2
= )3 2
2/3 1/2
= 0.030
2
(2 + 2 tan 60) 3
1
1
1
0.5(1 + tan 60) 3
2
2 =
(0.0025)1/2
=
0.030
1
+
2
2+
cos 60
2
1
0.5(1 + tan 60) 3
(0.0025)1/2
1.3 =
0.030
1 + 2
2
1
0.5(1 + tan 60) 3
(0.05)
1.3 =
0.030
1 + 2
2
0.78 =
1 + 2
0.689 =
La profundidad del flujo mximo para que no se produzca erosin a una velocidad
de 1.3 m/s es de 1.53 m.
Solucin:
=
= .
= .
= .
= .
Q=
= / /
1 = 2
1 = 1
1 2/3 11/2
1 = (30)
1 =
1 302
=
= 1.395
1 21.5
2
1
1
3
(1.395)3 (0.0002)2 = 15.15
= 3
0.0350
2 = 2
2 2/3 21/2
2 = (78)
2 782
2 =
=
= 3.545
2
22
2
1
1
3
(3.545)3 (0.0002)2 = 214.64
0.012
3
3
= 244.94
1
= 0.00167
600
= 1.5
= = 1000
9.8 2 = 9800 3
3
75 /3
= 4.592
9800 3 (0.00167)
1
2/3 1/2
sin
1
4
sin
= 12.245
4.592 =
1.5
sin
1
4
sin
= 11.245
Para que tenga solucin el numero debe estar en limite -1<x<1. Por lo tanto el
ejercicio no puede desarrollarse.
Para b = 1.2 m
=
= = 1.2 ;
6 = 1.2
5=
1
2/3 1/2
= + 2 = 1.2 + 2
1.2
=
1.2 + 2
1
1.2 2/3
(0.0012)1/2
0.0150 1.2 + 2
1.2 2/3
(0.0012)1/2
0.0150 1.2 + 2
1.2 2/3
(0.0012)1/2
0.075 =
1.2 + 2
2.165064 =
3.185708 =
1.2 2/3
1.2 + 2
1.2 5/2
1.2 + 2
5/2
2.65476 =
1.2 + 2
= 3.3925
Para b = 2.5 m
=
= = 2.5 ;
6 = 2.5
1
2/3 1/2
= + 2 = 2.5 + 2
2.5
=
2.5 + 2
1
2.5 2/3
(0.0012)1/2
0.0150 2.5 + 2
2.5 2/3
(0.0012)1/2
2.4 =
0.0150 2.5 + 2
2.5 2/3
(0.0012)1/2
0.036 =
2.5 + 2
2.5 2/3
1.03923 =
2.5 + 2
1.059419 =
2.5 5/2
2.5 + 2
= 1.37746
Tenemos:
Ancho b (m)
1.2
2.5
Permetro (m)
7.985
5.25492
rea (m2)
4.071
3.44365
Se concluye que el diseo ms ptimo para aplicar menos ladrillo que el ancho
del canal rectangular sea 2.5 metros.
%=
7.985 5.25492
100% = 51.95%
5.25492
3 =
1
2
1
2/3 1/2
(0.0150) 4.8
2
2
1 2
600
; =
1
2
2/3 = 1.76363
= 1.76363
1
2 = 1.76363
2
2
2
2 3 =
1.76363
1 3
2
2
= 1.78227
= 1.242
6. un acueducto trapezoidal con b = 5,00 m y = 40 transporta una corriente
normal de agua de 60 m3/s y = 3,2 m. Si la superficie es de tejas de arcilla (n
= 0,013.), determine cul es la pendiente necesaria en m/km.
Solucin:
Datos:
b = 5.0 m
50
50
40
Q = 60 m3/s
Y = 3.2 m
40
n = 0.013
S=?
3.2 m
x
50
z
tan 50 =
=
3.2
cos 50
3.2
= 4.9783
= 5 + 2 = 5 + 2 4.9783 = 14.9566
=
28.20 2
=
= 1.88545
14.9566
=
1
2/3 1/2
1/2 =
1
2/3
2
2
0.013 60
=
=
= 0.000327
1
1 2/3
28.20 1 (1.88545)2/3
2/3
1
=
3.058
3058
Q = 9.0 m3/s
70
=?
=?
= 2/3 1/2
tan 30 =
= tan 20
2
= = ( tan 20) = 2 tan 20
2
= 2 = 2
cos 20
sin 20
2
2 tan 20
cos
20 = sin 20
= =
=
2
2
2
cos 20
cos 20
= =
9.0 3 /
= 2
tan 20
= ,
0.3639702343 2 0.3639702343 2
=
=
=
2
0.3639702343
=
=
9.81 =
9
0.3639702343 2
= .
Es la profundidad crtica
= = 2
2 2.2852665
=
= 4.86386
20 0.9396926208
0.3639702342 2
=
= 0.1710100716 2.2852665 = 0.39
2
0.9396926208
=
9 0.0140
(1.9)(0.39)
= .
Pendiente Crtica
Solucin:
= . / /
= 1.38 5/2 tan /2
= (
2
=
2
5)
1.38 2
= ,
5
1.38 22
= 0.2562 = 14,37
= 2 14,37 = 28.74
=
2
1.38
= ,
5
2.752
= .
= 0.34669 = 19.12
= 2 19.12 = 38.24
= (
1.38
2
)2/5
Con =
2
2
6
6
)5 = (
)5 = .
1.38 30
1.38 0.5773502692
= 63 / = (
2
2
2
2
)5 = (
)5 = .
1.38 30
1.38 0.5773502692
= 23 / = (
Con =
2
2
6
6
)5 = (
)5 = .
1.38 19
1.38 0.3443276133
= 63 / = (
2
2
2
2
)5 = (
)5 = .
1.38 19
1.38 0.3443276133
= 23 / = (
Los valores ms apropiados para la altura son los que oscilan entre 1.777m y 2.75 m
con el semiangulo de 19
= 1.84 1 1.63/2
= . /
= . /
= 1.20
= 2.4
= 1.45 1 0.43/2
= . /