Acoustical Case Studies of HVAC Systems in School Gary W. Siebein and Robert M.

Lilkendey ASHRAE Journal, May 2004 https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact= 8&ved=0CDEQFjAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashrae.org%2FFile%2520Library%2FdocLib%2FP ublic%2F2004427105345_326.pdf&ei=SIMdU7qCE8HIkwW9joCwBQ&usg=AFQjCNHfqjmF82JP7Mws yeGTu3P2ox-Ziw&sig2=WHqCkONoei9uOSv7nSol_Q&bvm=bv.62578216,d.dGI Controlling HVAC system noise is essential to the quality of the listening envir onment in classrooms. To control HVAC system noise, individual components of the total noise perceived by a listener must be identified. Such noise can be class ified as one of five types namely, (1) airborne noise; (2) self-generated noise; (3) duct-borne noise; (4) structure-borne noise; and (5) breakout noise. Acoust ical results from eigh case studies conducted were presented and explained. The studies made were (1) through-the-wall, self-contained heat pump units; (2) modi fied through-the-wall, self-contained heat pump units; (3) mezzaniine heat pump system; (4) fan coil units in separate mechanical rooms; (5) primary air AHUs pl us fan coil units in closets; (6) central AHU system with clustered floor plan a rrangement; (7) central AHU systems with mechanical rooms separated from classro om buildings; and (8) AHU in mechanical penthouse with VAV terminal units over c lassrooms.

Generation of Higher Order Modes in a Rectangular Duct Carl H. Gerhold, Randolph H. Cabell and Donald E. Brown September 2004 http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20040139250.pdf According to the study, advanced noise control methodologies to reduce sound emi ssion from aircraft engines take advantage of the modal structure of the noise i n the duct. This noise is caused by the interaction of rotor wakes with downstre am obstructions such as exit guide vanes. Mode synthesis has been accomplished i n circular ducts and current active noise control work has made use of this capa bility to cancel fan noise. The goal of the curent effort is to examine the fund amental process of higher order mode propagation through an acoustically treated , curved duct. The duct cross-section is rectangular to permit greater flexibili ty in representation of a range of duct curvatures. The work presented is the de velopment of a feedforward control system to generate a user-specified modal pat tern in the duct. The multiple-error, filtered-x LMS algorithm is used to determ ine the magnitude and phase of signal input to the loudspeakers to produce a des ired modal pattern at a set of error microphones. Implementation issues, includi ng loudspeaker placement and error microphone placement, were discussed. The res ults presented demonstrate the ability of the control system to generate a userspecified mode while suppressing undesired modes. In conclusion, a control syste m has been successfully implemented which generates higher order modes in a rect angular duct without flow. The control system has been shown to converge to the desired mode for a majority of cases in the duct. Compact Integrated Active-Passive Approach for Axial Fan Noise Control Kenji Homma September 2004 http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09232004-204237/unrestricted/etd_ kenji_homma.pdf The study presented a new active-passive approach for the control of noise radia ted from a small axial fan was investigated. The approach involved the installat ion of an axial fan into a short duct with both passive and active noise control

functions. A systematic methodology for the analytical modeling of finite-lengt h ducts with multiple discontinuities was formulated. The procedure involved the modeling of a duct as a collection of simple duct sections, which were intercon nected at multiple junctions. Analytical studies have shown that a short lined d uct provides passive noise reduction effects through the mass-loading effect of the duct air volume at low frequencies and the sound absorption by a passive lin er at high frequencies. It was also shown that active control can provide furthe r noise attenuations at low-to-mid frequencies, thereby enhancing the overall no ise control performance. Two alternate designs of active-passive noise control f an duct were considered. The results showed that, by housing a fan into a lined short duct, global radiated fan noise power can be reduced at both low and high frequencies. The low frequency noise reduction is obtained by the mass-loading e ffect of the air volume in the duct, while the high frequency noise reduction is obtained by the sound absorption effect of the passive liner. The experimental result also showed the expected control performance degradation in the mid frequ ency range due to a duct axial resonance effect. A Typical Case Study of School Sound Insulation Gary E. Ehrlich and Yuri Gurovich http://www.sandv.com/downloads/0406ehrl.pdf The case study involved a sound-insulation program at Green Acres Elementary Sch ool which was sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Cit y of Manchester, in order to mitigate noise due to aircraft operations associate d with Manchester Airport. The sound insulation modifications included replacing windows and aluminum wall panels with acoustically-rated units, installing acou stical doors, installing upgraded ventilation, and installing new acoustical cei ling tiles. Overall, the modifications implemented at Green Acres Elementary Sch ool were successful at significantly reducing noise levels from aircraft operati ons and meeting the FAA criteria.