01 RRM Overview 2004

1 NOKIA RANPAR Version 1.1/31.07.
2003
Course Content
Radio Resource Management Overview
Parameter Configuration
Common Channels & Power Control
Load Control
Admission Control
Packet Scheduling
Handover Control
Resource Manager
2 NOKIA RANPAR Version 1.1/31.07.2003
Course Objectives
At the end of the course you will be able to:
Describe the purpose of RRM
List the RRM functional entities
Describe the purpose of each of the RRM functional entities
Identify the location of RRM entities
Identify relationships between RRM entities
Describe the Nokia RAN parameter database structure
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Admission Control (AC)
Packet Scheduler (PS)
Power Control (PC)
Handover Control (HC)
Resource Manager (RM)
Radio Resource Management
Target for RRM is to ensure the RAN offers:
The planned coverage for each targeted service
High capacity i.e. low blocking (new calls, handovers)
The required Quality of Service (QoS)
Optimize the use of available capacity (priorities)
By continuously monitoring/adjusting how the available resources are used in accordance
with user requests
Radio Resource Management (RRM) is responsible for optimal
utilisation of the air interface resources
RRM
Link Quality
Cell Coverage Cell Capacity
RRM must be able to:
Predict the impact on interference (power) of the
admitting a new user for UL & DL
Perform appropriate actions (e.g. new call admissions,
bitrate increase/decrease etc.) in accordance with
prevailing load conditions
Provide different quality of service for real time (RT)
and non-real time (NRT) users
Take appropriate corrective action when the different
cell load thresholds are exceeded in order to maintain
cell stability (i.e. load control)
Overload
Load Target
Overload Margin
P
o
w
e
r
Time
Estimated capacity for
NRT traffic
Measured load caused
by non-controllable load
(RT)
RRM Tasks
RT services must have higher quality assurance than NRT
RRM is made up of a number of closely interdependent functions (i.e. algorithms)
These functions can be divided into;
Cell Based
Load control (LC)
Admission control (AC)
Packet scheduling (PS)
Resource manager (RM)
Connection Based
Handover control (HC)
Power control (PC)
RRM Functional Split
PC
HC
Connection based functions
LC
AC
Cell based functions
PS
RM
RRM Cell Based Functions
Admission control (AC)
Performs the admission control for new bearers to enter the network.
Predicts interference caused by the bearer and checks whether there is room for it.
Power allocation
Defines transport channel parameters
Scheduling packets on the radio interface (UL/DL)
Ensures fast allocation of resources for NRT users
Load Control (LC)
Takes care of radio network stability
Gathers interference information and provides cell load status to AC & PS
Resource manager (RM)
Manages the physical resources of RAN
Maintains the code tree and code allocations
RRM Connection Based Functions
Power Control (PC)
Continuously monitors the quality of the radio link and adjusts MS, BTS powers
Ensures absolute minimum Tx power is used to maintain required quality
Can be divided into;
Closed loop PC
Open loop PC
Outer loop PC
Manages the mobility of the users
Ensures MS is connected to the optimal cell(s) > minimising interference
Can be divided into;
Intra-frequency handovers
Inter-frequency (hard) handovers
Inter-system handovers
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Power Control (PC)
Load control States
The load control function within RRM can be divided:
Preventative load control (e.g. congestion)
Overload control (e.g. dropping of calls in worst case)
Preventative actions are performed before the cell is overloaded (threshold y)
Overload actions are performed after cell is overloaded (threshold x)
RNP parameters define the thresholds for the RRM functionalities
The thresholds define a stable functionality within a cell and with surrounding cells
Overload
threshold x
Load Target
threshold y
P
o
w
e
r
Time
Estimated capacity for
NRT traffic.
Measured load caused
by non-controllable load
(RT)
Preventative Load Control
Overload Control
Load Control
LC performs the function of load control in association with AC & PS
Updates load status using measurements & estimations provided by AC and PS
Continuously feeds cell load information to PS and AC;
Interference levels
BTS power levels
Non-controllable load
LC
AC
PS
NRT load
Load change info
Load status
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Power Control (PC)
Admission Control
Responsible for maximising capacity (throughput) whilst providing the required
quality of service for RT traffic.
Checks that admitting a new user will not sacrifice planned coverage or quality of
existing connections
Determines whether RABs can be admitted to the RAN
Handles RT RABs alone by estimating the increase in non-controllable load
With PS decides whether to admit NRT RABs
In the decision UL interference & DL power measurements by BTS are used
Provides RLC parameters to PS for NRT users, for example
Bearer class
Transport Formats
AC sets quality and power parameters for the radio link, for example
UL/DL BLER, Eb/No targets, SIR target
Initial DL transmission power
In uplink the total received wideband interference power measured indicates the traffic
load of the radio resources .
For downlink the power change caused by new RT service is obtained from the
maximum allowed DL transmission power for the service.
In the admission decision procedure new call (or modified existing call) is admitted if
both UL and DL admission decisions are passed
Prx_target
Prx_target_BS
UL interference power
Load
Planned load area
Marginal load area
Admission Control
PrxTotal
RNP decision
thresholds
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Power Control (PC)
Packet Scheduler
PS allocation times need to be fast to accommodate changing conditions & accurate
(up-to-date load info)
Capacity requests sent via traffic volume measurement reports (governed by RNP
parameters)
PS comprises two parts: MS specific & Cell specific
power
time
non-controllable load
controllable load
Total Load
Target threshold
Overload threshold
Responsible for scheduling radio resources
for both UL and DL NRT RABs
Scheduling period defined by RNP
parameters
PS relies on up-to-date information from
AC and LC
Capacity allocated on a needs basis using
best effort approach
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Power Control (PC)
Power Control
Since WCDMA system is interference limited it is beneficial to reduce transmission
power as far as possible.
Thus, the target of power control (PC) is to achieve the minimum signal-to-
interference ratio (SIR) that is required to offer sufficient quality of the connection.
PC works on a per-connection basis.
Power Control
Power Control
Load Control
RNC BS MS
Power Control
Handover Control
Admission Control
Load Control
Packet Scheduler
Power Control (PC) Loops in WCDMA
RNC
Open Loop Power Control (Initial Access)
Fast Closed Loop Power Control
Outer Loop Power Control
MS BTS
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Power Control (PC)
HC is responsible for;
Managing the mobility aspects of an RRC connection as UE move around network
Maintaining high capacity by ensuring UE is always served by strongest cell
Intra-layer
Inter-layer
Intra-System
Soft(er) Handover
Hard Handover
Inter-frequency
Intra-frequency
Intra-frequency
Inter-System
(Inter-RAT)
Hard Handover
Inter-frequency
WCDMA to GSM
WCDMA to GPRS
GSM to WCDMA
GPRS to WCDMA
WCDMA to WCDMA
Intra-layer
Inter-layer
Intra-layer
Inter-layer
Intra-layer
Inter-layer
Requires
Compressed
Mode
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Power Control (PC)
Responsible for managing the logical radio resources of the RNC in co-operation with
AC and PS
On request for resources, from either AC(RT) or PS(NRT), RM allocates;
DL spreading code
UL scrambling code
Also looks after code tree management (to maintain orthogonality);
Initial code selection codes concentrated to same branch
Code re-fragmentation dynamic reallocation of codes as users enter/leave system
Code Type Uplink Downlink
Scrambling codes
Spreading codes
User separation Cell separation
Data & control channels from same UE Users within one cell

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1 NOKIA RANPAR Version 1.1/31.07.

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