Methodology 1

Research Methodology Author Institute

Methodology 2

Research Methodology
Introduction of methodology Methodology in the research refers to prearranged set of instruments and procedures. In the methodology; facts are documented, interpreted and registered in research. There are two key methods of research for studies; quantitati e and qualitati e. !ualitati e researches are usually analytical and descripti e. In qualitati e research, normati e approach is usually deployed. !uantitati e research relates to statistical procedures of manipulating and interpreting data. Data Collection Types and Sources There are multiple sources which ha e "een used in collection of data. #esearcher collected data himself from primary sources, and secondary data is collected from te$t"ooks, pu"lic documents, articles from %ournals and we"sites. Survey In the dissertation it has "een assessed the performance of corporate en ironment of manufacture industry in #ahim &ar 'han in the en ironmental framework. In this study there are two main components; descripti e study and empirical study. In empirical study sur ey is conducted on the performance of en ironment for #ahim &ar 'han (irms. In this part data is collected through inter iews and questionnaires. !uestionnaire is mostly "ased on the instruments of pencil and paper. Inter iews are entirely "ased on respondent. There are three types of inter iews which are distinguished from each others. Inter iews include structured, unstructured and semi)structured. In semi structured and structured inter iews questionnaire is used while unstructured inter iews

Methodology * in ol e the personal con ersations. Inter iew conduct is used to e$tract the information form respondents. In the study unstructured inter iews along with questionnaire and guide were key instrument to collect the data from respondents. Questionnaire Structure and Guide for interview The key instrument in the research which is used to e$tract the information from respondents on corporate en ironment performance through industries was consisting of four sections questionnaire. (irst section of questionnaire in ol es the "road information a"out companies. Information is related to firm si+e, num"er of total workers, type of firm and location of firm. Information is also collected a"out the occupied position of the respondents. ,econd section of questionnaire relates the go ernmental and legal requirements which concern protection of en ironment. In the third section firms management related to en ironmental and resources "y firm ha e "een discussed. In fourth section questions are a"out policy issue and planning of corporate en ironment. There were open)ended as well as close ended questions and also fi e points -.ikert scale/ is also used in the questionnaire. There is also inter iew guide along with questionnaire used for the collection of information. There are also unstructured inter iew for some respondents. The inter iew guide focused on the enforcement and monitoring of en ironment regulation. In the study mining industries and manufacturing firms ha e chosen "ecause these industries ha e huge impact on en ironment.

Methodology 0 Survey area choice and sub ect (or the study #ahim &ar 'han has "een chosen "ecause in this area there are lots of mining firms which are affecting en ironment. #ahim &ar 'han is located on the north of district Mu+afargarh, on east from 1ahawalnagar, on south from 2asilmir, on district 3hotki of ,indh and on west from district #a%anpur. In this area there are lot manufacturing and mining firms. The reason to choose this area is "ecause form this area data can "e generated more which represent the entire country instead focusing on that area in which concentration of these industries are less. The main su"%ect for the study is issues in en ironment go ernance. (or this purpose information is also gathered form managers of these firms. If there are no managers in the firm then questionnaire is gi en to the general manager. It is also mentioned a"o e that unstructured inter iews ha e "een conducted to gather information from people who are e$perts in the field. !rocedure of Sampling To analy+e the understanding of respondent intensity and to assess rele ancy of question pilot study is conducted. In the pilot study respondents were requested to comment on any comple$ity which they e$perienced during completing questionnaire. (rom ten questionnaires si$ questionnaires were returned and those questionnaires were from mining firms. 4ue to this response one other aspect of corporate en ironmental and social responsi"ility has "een e$plored. The questionnaire form pilot study was easy to respond. The complaint from respondent was that questions were too long to answer. 4ue to these responds questionnaire was completely re ised and also length of questions were reduced so that it would "e easy for respondents to gi e answers. The main targeted representati e or su"%ects were in the key

Methodology 5 industrial area of #ahim &ar 'han. 266 questionnaires form sur ey were also administered. 7ut of 266, 125 questionnaire were returned and form 125 questionnaire 5 questionnaire were returned due to incomplete or inconsistency in responses. The alid questionnaires were 126 and the return rate was 869. In the study random sample technique has "een used to approach the manufacturing firms in the area of #ahim &ar 'han. #esponses are gathered from small and medium enterprises. Information is also gathered from large manufacturing industries. This is done to target the proportion of small, large and medium si+e firms. 7ut of 126, *8 were from medium si+e companies, 20 were from small si+e companies and 86 were from large si+e companies. Apart from that four inter iews were also conducted in form of one to one con ersation. (or this purpose inter iew guide has "een prepared. Data "nalysis It has "een mentioned a"o e that "oth quantitati e and qualitati e approaches were used in the study. 7pen as well as closed questions which pro ide aspects of e$planatory for study were analy+ed qualitati ely. The approach for the qualitati e study was analytical and descripti e. .ikert scale has "een used to get the response of respondent. !uantitati e Analysis Likert Scale In 1:*2 #ensis .ikert de eloped likert scale and in the "eginning it was used ion psychometric studies. ;ow a day it has "ecome most wide scale for the sur ey. .ikert scale in "asically refers to degree in which respondents concur to some statement. In the research one to fi e score has

Methodology 8 "een used for the e aluation of corporate en ironment performance in small, large and medium si+e firms and along with these arious types of mining and manufacturing firms. Procedure In the research fi e score likert scale has "een used. This rating scale is used for study to assess the performance. All firms in the research had "een asked three different questions. (irst is the le el in which practice of en ironmental is taken out. ,econd is the le el in which management of en ironment has undertaken. The third is the le el in which some planning and issues ha e "een pursued. All responses are then entered in the M, e$cel sheet to calculate the percentages and frequency to esta"lish the relationship among aria"les. #atings in research ha e ranged from -strongly agree to strongly disagree/. CEPPI index In the research -<orporate =n ironmental >erformance perception/ ?<=>>I@ is de eloped to determine performance of en ironment in the three key categories on "usiness management and also initiati e of con ersation of resources. Indicator of en ironment is deri ed from one aria"le to reproduce some attri"ute of en ironment and it can use aggregated or indi idually in -en ironmental inde$/. This inde$ is named so "ecause .ikert score is used in aspect of research in which performance of en ironment "ased on performance of en ironment managers ha e "een asked. (or the de elopment of the inde$ 126 firms in all three categories were separately e aluated. The .ikert score were then a eraged and aggregated to minimi+e the score of rank from one to fi e to gather <=>>I inde$ for entire firms. #esults were also represented in the graph "y using M, e$cel. = aluation and de elopment of model deri ed as follow;

Methodology A ,uppose A is the performance of company on fulfillment in go ernmental and legal regulatory en ironment requirements. Then A B a1 C a2 C a* C a0 DD.. C ap Eere a1, a2, a*, a0 and ap are su"components of A and it shows the score of performance and p is total components num"ers. ,uppose 1 is the performance of industry on conser ation of resource initiati e and pollution control. Then 1 B "1 C "2 C "* C "0 DD.. C "q Eere "1, "2, "*, "0 and "q are su"components of 1 and it shows the score of performance and q is total components num"ers. ,uppose < is the performance of industry on commitment of management and en ironment policy issue. Then < B c1 C c2 C c* C c0 DD.. C cr Eere c1, c2, c*, c0 and cr are su"components of < and it shows the score of performance and r is total components num"ers. The whole performance per questionnaire > would "e, >BAC1C<

Methodology F The aggregate and a erage inde$ for <=>I would "e <=>>I ?aggregate@ B G Ai C G 1i C G< (or this study total num"ers of firms are 126, so n will 126. To attain <=>>I inde$ would "e; <=>>I B ?G Ai C G1i C G<i@ H 126 ? pC q C r@ There are 20 small si+ed companies so scale would "e; Eere n will equal to 20 as there are 20 small si+ed industries <=>>I B ?G Ai C G1i C G<i@ H 20 ? pC q C r@ There are *8 medium si+ed companies so scale would "e; Eere n will equal to *8 as there are *8 medium si+ed industries <=>>I B ?G Ai C G1i C G<i@ H *8 ? pC q C r@ There are 86 large si+ed companies so scale would "e; Eere n will equal to 86 as there are 86 medium si+ed industries <=>>I B ?G Ai C G1i C G<i@ H 86 ? pC q C r@

Methodology : Qualitative "nalysis In this research "oth qualitati e and quantitati e methods ha e "een used. In the study researcher su"%ecti e and %udgment opinion in selecting criteria to in estigation is used. 4ifferent methods ha e considered in which in estigator assessment and feelings ha e "een used for the in estigation. The study deals with the analysis of en ironmental instrument in #ahim &ar 'han. There is also analysis taken on legal conte$t in #ahim yar 'han. All these analysis ha e "een done using qualitati e approach. "chieving validity and reliability of data #elia"ility is a"out a"sence of arious faults of measurements which demonstrates the study operation as procedure of collecting data. In the relia"ility it is tested that results should "e same with pre ious studies. Ialidity means to esta"lish core measures for operational concepts which ha e "een studied. It also reflects the conte$t in which study has "een carried out. There are lot of sources ha e "een o"tained for e idence. In the study "oth alidity and relia"ility test ha e "een run. Apart from collecting data from primary sources inter iews are also conducted o gather the information. Inter iews were conducted and information was gathered from company managers. Apart from that companies also asked to assess the performance of en ironment. ,ome companies ha e "etter score than other so they put some effort at en ironmental management le el. It is important to check the alidity and relia"ility "ecause sometime pre ious research might "e conducted in some other conte$t. There are lot of approaches to measure the alidity and relia"ility. (irst questionnaire should "e gi en to some e$perts and professionals who ha e knowledge a"out these things. ,econd thing is that some questions are usually repeated. This helps the researcher to cancel such questionnaire. -<apture eliminates rote

Methodology 16 response/ technique is ery useful in identifying unrelia"le response. It helps the researcher in finding out such questionnaires. There were 125 questionnaires which were recei ed and out 125 questionnaires 5 questionnaires were not accordingly. It has "een made efforts to make sure that all responses reflect the general practices of company. Summary In the chapter o erall methodology of study has "een discussed. In the research "oth qualitati e and quantitati e methods used to in estigate the relationship among aria"les. -<=>>I/ inde$ is also used to assess the corporate performance of en ironment has "een taken out. The main areas ha e "een assess "y using <=>>I inde$; en ironment and legal regulations, management and policy and planning for corporate en ironment. (or the assessment of quantitati e analysis 5 points .ikert scale ha e "een used. ,econdary data is collected from the %ournals, we"sites and "ooks. Inter iews are also conducted from managers of companies to know the en ironmental aspects.

Methodology 11