Measures of Correlation

Pearson Product Correlation

Formula:

Spearman rho
Formula:

r = NXY-(X)(Y) [NX-(X)][NY(Y)]
where: r = correlation between X and Y
X = sum of test X

rs = 1- 6SD N-N
where: rs= spearman rho
D = sum of the squared difference

Y = sum of test Y
XY = sum of the product of X and Y

N = number of cases

N = number of cases
X = sum of the squared of X scores

Consider the set of scores in English (X) and Science (Y) taken by 10 BEEd students in a certain state college.

Steps in Finding Pearson Product Correlation (r)

1. 2. 3.

4.
5.

6.

Find the sum of X and Y scores. Square all X and Y scores. Sum X and Y to get X and Y. Multiply X and Y. Sum XY product for every pair of scores. Apply formula.

Scores in English and Science Class

Students X Y X Y XY

1
2 3

45
32 50

90
82 91

2025
1024 2500

8100
6724 8281

4050
2624 4550

4
5 6 7 8 9 10 Total

22
20 21 48 10 35 51 334

73
60 59 90 40 80 91 756

484
400 441 2304 100 1225 2601 13104

5329
3600 3481 8100 1600 6400 8281 59896

1606
1200 1239 4320 400 2800 4641 27430

r = NXY-(X)(Y) [NX-(X)][NY-(Y) =10(27430)-(334)(756) [10(13104)-(334)] [10(59896)-(756)] =274300-252504 (131040-111556)(598960-571536) =21796 (19484)(27424) =21796 534329216 =21796 23115.5622 r =0.94 very high relationship

1.

Steps in Finding the Spearman rho (rs)

2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Rank the scores of students from the highest to the lowest in the first set of variable (X) and mark these ranks as R. The highest score receives the rank 1, the seconds highest 2, and so on. Rank the second set of scores (Y) in the same manner as in step 1 and mark them as R. Determine the difference in ranks for every pair of ranks. Square each difference to get SD. Sum the squared difference to find D. Compute spearman rho by applying the formula.

Scores in English and Science Class

Students 1 2 3 4 X 45 32 50 22 Y 90 82 91 73 r 4 6 2 7 r 3.5 5 1.5 7 D 0.5 1 0.5 0 D 0.25 1 0.25 0

5
6 7

20
21 48

60
59 90

9
8 3

8
9 3.5

1
-1 -0.5

1
1 0.25

8
9 10

10
35 51

40
80 41

10
5 1

10
6 1.5

0
-1 -0.5

0
1 0.25

Total

334

756

rs =1 6D N - N =1 30 10-10 =1 30 1000-10 =1 30 990 = 1 0.0303 rs =0.97 very high relationship

Interpretations
0.00 to 0.20 = negligible correlation 0.21 to 0.40 = slow / slight correlation 0.41 to 0.70 = marked / moderate correlation 0.71 to 0.90 = high correlation 0.91 to 0.99 = very correlation 1.00 = perfect correlation

Correlation Chart Showing Relationship of X and Y

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Correlation Chart Showing Relationship of X and Y

0 9 8 7 6 21 20 22 50 32 45 0 20 40 Science(Y) 60 English (X) 80 82 90 100 10 35 40 48 59 60 73 91 51 80 91

90

5
4 3 2 1

PROJECT IN ELEMENTARY STATISTICS

(SEMI-FINALS)

Submitted by:

Jenifer B. Espra
Submitted to:

Mrs. Angelie S. Naquila