Groundwater Resources in Current Scenario Rana Chatterjee & Raja Ram Purohit(2009) estimated the dynamic groundwater resources

of India using groundwater resource estimation methodology-1997. This methodology uses the water-level fluctuation technique and empirical norms for recharge estimation. The groundwater utilization is also estimated. The stage of groundwater development was worked out and assessment units are categorized based on the stage of groundwater development and longterm water-level trend. The annual replenishable groundwater resources of India are 433 billion cubic metre and net annual groundwater availability is 399bcm. The annual groundwater draft for 2004 was 231 bcm. Thus the overall stage of groundwater development predicted was 58%. It was found that out of 5723 assessment units in the country, 4078 are safe and 839 are overexploited. The rest fall under semi-critical and critical category. Over-exploitation is more prevalent in northwestern, western and Peninsular India. Eastern India has good potential for future groundwater development. It was suggested by them to consider the changing groundwater scenario, to re-assess the groundwater resources at regular intervals that will lead to the further strengthening of the available database. Casey Brown (2006) this paper presented an operational approach to setting prices for groundwater in accordance with the inter annual variability of monsoon rainfall and the dynamic cost of groundwater use to society. The pricing system is designed for the state of Tamil Nadu, India, where groundwater is largely unregulated and the electricity for pumping is heavily subsidized. Depletion of aquifers during the primary growing season causes environmental damage and drying of wells. The proposed price-setting system estimated the marginal social cost of groundwater use based on the current state of aquifer storage and the forecast of the coming monsoon. Prices were set prior to onset of the monsoon so farmers can plan crop rotations according to the expectation of seasonal rainfall as reflected in the pricing signal. During years that forecasts accurately characterize the probability distribution of monsoon outcomes the market signal encourages economically efficient use of the resource. When monsoons differ from the expected outcome farmers are cushioned by ancillary effects of the pricing system. P S Vijay Shankar, Himanshu Kulkarni (2011) worked to estimate the amount of the groundwater been used for the irrigation purposes. Groundwater irrigation has been expanding at a very rapid pace in India since the 1970s. The data from the Minor Irrigation Census conducted in 2001 shows evidence of the growing numbers of groundwater irrigation structures (wells and tube wells) in the country. Their number stood at around 18.5 million in 2001, of which tube wells accounted for 50%.In all likelihood, the number of groundwater irrigation structures is now around 27 million with every fourth rural household owning at least one such irrigation structure The share of groundwater in the net irrigated area has also been on the rise. Of the addition to net irrigated area of about 29.75 million hectares between 1970 and 2007, groundwater accounted for 24.02 million hectares (80%). On an average, between 2000/01 and 2006-07, about 61% of the irrigation in the country was sourced from groundwater. The share of surface water has

declined from 60% in the 1950s to 30% in the recent years and most of the irrigation needs are met by the Groundwater. Sheetal Sekhri (2012) worked under the problem of Groundwater depletion which is becoming an increasingly important policy concern in many countries around the world especially so in India, which is the largest user of groundwater for irrigation. As in other countries, the stocks of groundwater are rapidly depleting in India. In this study she used the data from observation and monitoring wells of the country to identify depletion hot-spots and evaluate the impact of two policies rainwater harvesting mandates and delaying of paddy transplanting time- on water tables. Finally she observed that the rain water harvesting mandates did not have salutary effects on water tables in the short run and delayed transplanting of paddy resulted in increased use of groundwater Priyantha Ranjan et al., (2009) presented a simplified approach to assess the effects of global warming on global coastal groundwater resources over the next century based on the parameters such as rainfall, temperature, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifers, and population changes regarding the consumption of groundwater. Their work includes a concept model and simplified estimation of groundwater recharge using limited climate data. The output model showed that the future climate changes would decrease fresh groundwater resources in Central American, South American, South African and Australian regions whereas most of the areas in Asia, except South-East Asia. It was found that the combinations of fresh groundwater loss and global population are considered to state the vulnerability of future fresh groundwater supply. Vulnerability assessment of them showed that South Asia, Central America, North Africa and the Sahara, South Africa and the Middle East countries are highly vulnerable whereas, Northern Europe, Western part of South America, New Zealand and Japan are less vulnerable with respect to future fresh groundwater supply. Further, this paper highlighted the necessity Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) practices in these vulnerable coastal regions to ensure the sustainable development in coastal regions.