Vectors

Dessy Ariyanti, ST., MT

DEFINITION
Vector is measurements that require more than a single quantity to describe their attributes

P
P = initial point Q = terminal point = direction of vector a = magnitude of vector

Vectors Vocab

FREE VECTOR
A vector can be moved every where in the coordinates with one condition: the vector still have the same direction and magnitude A
A

UNIT VECTOR

k i

Defined as a vector whose length is 1 (the unit length). x, y, z i, j, k

TWO EQUAL VECTORS

B A A B

A B

Two vectors are said to be equal, if they have the same magnitude and the same direction

VECTOR NEGATIVE
P

-P

Defined as vector with the same magnitude and opposite direction

RESULTANT OF VECTORS
The resultant is the vector sum of two or more vectors.
A B

B C

TASK
Find out the following resultant of vectors:
B 3 cm C 5 cm

1 cm

TASK
A Force was applied 40 N to the east and 30 N to the north, find out the resultant

COMPONENT OF VECTORS
A1 = A1 . i A2 = A2 . j

A = A1 . i + A2 . J

A A2 A1
x

TASK
B = i + 4j and C = 4i + 2j Find B + C and C - B

y C B
1 4 5 4 6

C
2

COMPONENT OF VECTORS

A
A3 A1

A2

A1 = A1 . i A2 = A2 . J A3 = A3 . k A = A1 . i + A2 .j + A3 .k

COMPONENT OF VECTORS
OA = r = a . i + b .j + c .k

A
c

a
Task: Find out the l, m, n of vector r = 4i 2j + 4 k

Product Vectors

SCALAR OR DOT PRODUCT

B

Denoted by

SCALAR OR DOT PRODUCT

SCALAR OR DOT PRODUCT

SCALAR OR DOT PRODUCT

VECTOR OR CROSS PRODUCT

B

A Denoted by

RIGHT HAND RULES

AxB

A B

AxB=BxA

B x A = - (A x B)

Vector Function

a mathematical function of one or more variables whose range is a set of multidimensional vectors or infinite-dimensional vectors.

Vector Derivatives

, if t = 0

Vector Calculus

VOCAB OF VECTOR CALCULUS

Vector operator (del)

Gradient (grad) Divergence (div)

Curl (curl)

GRADIENT the gradient of a scalar field is a vector field that points in the direction of the greatest rate of increase of the scalar field, and whose magnitude is that rate of increase. Consider a room in which the temperature is given by a scalar field, T, so at each point (x,y,z) the temperature is T(x,y,z). At each point in the room, the gradient of T at that point will show the direction the temperature rises most quickly. The magnitude of the gradient will determine how fast the temperature rises in that direction

DIVERGENCE divergence is a vector operator that measures the magnitude of a vector field's source or sink at a given point, in terms of a signed scalar. The divergence represents the volume density of the outward flux of a vector field from an infinitesimal volume around a given point. For example, consider air as it is heated. If air is heated in a region it will expand in all directions such that the velocity field points outward from that region. Therefore the divergence of the velocity field in that region would have a positive value, as the region is a source.

CURL the curl is a vector operator that describes the infinitesimal rotation of a 3-dimensional vector field. At every point in the field, the curl of that field is represented by a vector. The attributes of this vector (length and direction) characterize the rotation at that point. The direction of the curl is the axis of rotation, as determined by the right-hand rule, and the magnitude of the curl is the magnitude of rotation. If the vector field represents the flow velocity of a moving fluid, then the curl is the circulation density of the fluid.

TASK