Fmatter

Lide Zhang Xiaosheng Fang Changhui Ye
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Controlled Growth of Nanomaterials Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (RGTU Bhopal) on 04/07/13. For personal use only.
CONTROLLED GROWTH OF NANOMATERIALS
World Scientific
NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI HONG KONG TAIPEI CHENNAI
Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
CONTROLLED GROWTH OF NANOMATERIALS Copyright 2007 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher.
For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher.
ISBN-13 978-981-256-728-4 ISBN-10 981-256-728-3
Typeset by Stallion Press Email: enquiries@stallionpress.com
Printed in Singapore.
Contents
1. Introduction Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Controlled Growth of Nanowires and Nanobelts 2.1 2.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oxides nanowires and nanobelts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1. ZnO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2. SnO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.3. In2 O3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.4. MgO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.4.1. Controlled growth of MgO nanostructures . 2.2.4.2. Direct observation of the growth process of MgO nanoowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.5. Al2 O3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Suldes nanowires and nanobelts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1. ZnS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.2. CdS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Doping of nanowires and nanobelts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1. S-doped ZnO nanowires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.2. Ce-doped ZnO nanostructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.3. Sn-doped ZnO nanobelts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.4. Mn-doped ZnS nanobelts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 8 11 13 14 14 19 23 26 27 29 32 37 37 42 47 47 48 51 53 56
vi Contents 3. Design and Synthesis of One-Dimensional Heterostructures 3.1 3.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Synthesis of one-dimensional heterostructures . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1. Coaxial core/shell structure (nanocable) and biaxial nanowires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2. Heterojunction and superlattice nanowire structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.3. Complex branch structure (hierarchical structure) . . 3.3 Concluding remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 69 70 70 77 82 96 97
4. Quasi-Zero Dimensional Nanoarrays 4.1 Synthesis of two-dimensional colloid crystals . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.1. Drop coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.2. Spin-coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.3. Perpendicular withdrawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Ordered nanoarrays based on two-dimensional colloidal crystal templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1. Ordered pore arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1.1. ZnO-ordered pore arrays based on electro-deposition and colloidal monolayers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1.2. Au-ordered through-pore arrays based on electro-deposition and colloidal monolayers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1.3. SnO2 mono- and multi-layered nanostructured porous lms based on solution-dipping templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1.4. Fe2 O3 -ordered pore arrays based on solution-dipping templates and colloidal monolayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1.5. In2 O3 -ordered pore arrays based on solution-dipping templates and colloidal monolayers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.2. Two-dimensional ordered polymer hollow sphere and convex structure arrays based on monolayer pore lms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3. Au nanoparticle arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
101 103 105 107 108 110 112
112
120
128
133
141
147 153 159
Contents vii 5. Nanoarray Synthesis and Characterization based on Alumina Templates 5.1 Preparation techniques of ordered channel AAM (anodization alumina membrane) templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.1. Preparation of ordered channel AAM templates . . . . 5.1.2. Structure and characterization of ordered channel AAM templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.3. Exploration of ordered channel formation mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoarrays . . . . . 5.2.1. Ordered nanoarrays of elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.1.1. Ordered nanoarrays of metal nanowires and nanotubes (Pb, Ag, Cu, Au) . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.1.2. Ordered nanoarrays of semimetal nanowires and nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.1.3. Ordered nanoarrays of Sb nanowires and nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.1.4. Ordered nanoarrays of semiconductor nanowires and nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.1.5. Ordered nanoarrays of carbon nanotubes . . . 5.2.2. Ordered nanoarrays of binary compound nanowires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.2.1. Ordered nanoarrays of alloy nanowires . . . . 5.2.2.2. Ordered nanoarrays of oxide nanowires and nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.2.3. Ordered nanoarrays of sulphide, selenide, telluride and ionide nanowires . . . . . . . . . 5.2.3. Ordered nanoarrays of ternary compound nanowires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.3.1. Co-Ni-P alloy nanoarrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.3.2. Ni-W-P alloy nanowire arrays . . . . . . . . . . Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
165 167 168 170 171 174 175 175 192 206 210 214 226 226 232 247 268 268 271 275
6. Controlled Growth of Carbon Nanotubes 6.1 6.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preparation, morphologies and structures of Small diameter carbon nantubes (CNTs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2.1. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) . . . . . . . 6.2.2. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) . . . . . . . 6.2.3. Discussion and analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
287 289 291 292 295 295
viii Contents 6.3 Very long carbon nanotubes and continuous carbon nanotube yarns (bers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.1. Very long carbon nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.2. Spinning continuous carbon nanotube yarns (bers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Controlled synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes . . . . 6.4.1. Preparation of pure single-walled carbon nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4.2. Direct synthesis of a macroscale single-walled carbon nanotubes non-woven material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4.3. Synthesis of random networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Synthesis of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) . . . . Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
300 301 304 306 307 312 316 319 323
7. Synthesis of Inorganic Non-carbon Nanotubes 7.1 7.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Synthesis of inorganic nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.1. Inorganic nanotubes based on two-dimensional structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.1.1. Inorganic nanotubes based on graphite (carbon nanotubes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.1.2. Inorganic nanotubes based on transition metal chalcogenides and halides . . . . . . . . 7.2.1.3. Inorganic nanotubes based on boron nitride and the derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.1.4. Inorganic nanotubes based on rare earth and transition metal oxides and their derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.2. Inorganic nanotubes based on quasi-two-dimensional structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.3. Inorganic nanotubes based on three-dimensional structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.4. Formation mechanisms of inorganic nanotubes . . . . . 7.3 Concluding remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
327 329 330 331 331 331 339
340 342 350 355 360 360
Contents ix 8. Novel Properties of Nanomaterials Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polarization characteristics of metal nanowire microarrays embedded in anodic alumina membrane templates . . . . . 8.2.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2.2. Optical measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2.3. Polarization characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2.3.1. Cu/AAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2.3.2. Ag/AAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2.3.3. Pb/AAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2.4. Theoretical calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2.4.1. Theory model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2.4.2. Numerical simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2.5. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 Electronic and magnetic properties of Bi-based nanowire arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3.1. Bi nanowire arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3.2. Bi-Bi homogeneous nanowire junction . . . . . . . . 8.3.3. Y-segment Bi nanowire array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3.4. Bi-Sb segment nanowire junction . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 Thermal expansion properties of nanowire arrays . . . . . . 8.4.1. AgI nanowire arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4.2. Bi nanowire arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4.3. Cu nanowire arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Applications 9.1 9.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.1. SnO2 gas sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.2. Biosensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.2.1. Nanodevices for electrical detection of single viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.2.2. Nanoelectromechanical devices for detection of viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.2.3. Biological magnetic sensors . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.2.4. Biotin-modied Si nanowire nanosensors for detection of protein binding . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 8.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 369 369 369 370 371 371 374 375 376 377 380 388 388 389 391 392 394 395 395 398 401 403 407 409 409 409 420 420 426 431 435
x Contents 9.2.2.5. Bio-conjugated nanoparticles for rapid detection of single bacterial cell . . . . . 9.2.2.6. Near-infrared optical sensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes . . . . . 9.2.3. Chemical sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 Field emission of carbon nanotubes and its application 9.4 Light polarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 Light-bulb laments made of carbon nanotube yarns . . 9.6 Electronic and optoelectronic nanoscale devices . . . . . Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
438 440 442 445 448 453 453 457 463

Fmatter

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Fmatter

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Lide Zhang Xiaosheng Fang Changhui Ye

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

CONTROLLED GROWTH OF NANOMATERIALS

ISBN-13 978-981-256-728-4 ISBN-10 981-256-728-3

Typeset by Stallion Press Email: enquiries@stallionpress.com

101 103 105 107 108 110 112

147 153 159

287 289 291 292 295 295

300 301 304 306 307 312 316 319 323

327 329 330 331 331 331 339

340 342 350 355 360 360

438 440 442 445 448 453 453 457 463

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi