Scientia Magna

Vol. 2 (2006), No. 1, 42-44

On the mean value of the1Smarandache ceil function

Wang Xiaoying
Research Center for Basic Science, Xian Jiaotong University Xian, Shaanxi, P.R.China Abstract For any xed positive integer n, the Smarandache ceil function of order k is denoted by N N and has the following denition: Sk (n) = min{x N : n | xk }, n N .

In this paper, we study the mean value properties of the Smarandache ceil function, and give a sharp asymptotic formula for it. Keywords Smarandache ceil function; Mean value; Asymptotic formula.

1. Introduction
For any xed positive integer n, the Smarandache ceil function of order k is denoted by N N and has the following denition:

Sk (n) = min{x N : n | xk },

n N .

For example, S2 (1) = 1, S2 (2) = 2, S2 (3) = 3, S2 (4) = 2, S2 (5) = 5, S2 (6) = 6, S2 (7) = 7, S2 (8) = 4, S2 (9) = 3, . This was introduced by Smarandache who proposed many problems in [1]. There are many papers on the Smarandache ceil function. For example, Ibstedt [2] [3] studied this function both theoretically and computationally, and got the following conclusions: (a, b) = 1 Sk (ab) = Sk (a)Sk (b), a, b N .

1 r r 1 2 Sk (p 1 p2 pr ) = Sk (p1 ) Sk (pr ) .

In this paper, we study the mean value properties of the Smarandache ceil function, and give a sharp asymptotic formula for it. That is, we shall prove the following: Theorem. For any real number x 2, we have the asymptotic formula
1 1 3 ln2 x + A1 ln x + A2 + O(x 4 + ), = 2 S2 (n) 2

nx

where A1 and A2 are two computable constants,

1 This

is any xed positive integer.

work is supported by the N.S.F(10271093) and P.N.S.F of P.R.China

Vol. 2

On the mean value of the Smarandache ceil function

43

2. Proof of the theorem

To complete the proof of the theorem, we need the following Lemma, which is called the Perrons formula (See reference [4]):

Lemma. Suppose that the Dirichlet series f (s) =

n=1

a(n)ns , s = + it, convergent

absolutely for > a , and that there exist a positive increasing function H (u) and a function B (u) such that a(n) H (n), and

n = 1 , 2, ,

|a(n)| n B ( ),
n=1

> a .

Then for any s0 = 0 + it0 , b0 > a , b0 b > 0 , b0 0 + b > a , T 1 and x 1, x not to be an integer, we have a(n)ns0 =
nx

1 2i

b+iT

f (s0 + s)
biT

xs ds + O s

xb B (b + 0 ) T x T || x || ,

+ O x10 H (2x) min 1,

log x T

+ O x0 H (N ) min 1,

where N is the nearest integer to x, || x ||= |N x|. Now we complete the proof of the theorem. Let s = + it be a complex number and f (s) = 1 . S (n)ns n=1 2

1 Note that | S21 , so it is clear that f (s) is a Dirichlet series absolutely convergent for ( n) | n 1 Re(s) > 2 , by Euler product formula [5] and the denition of S2 (n) we have

f (s)

=
p

1+ +

1 1 1 + + S2 (p)ps S2 (p2 )p2s S2 (p3 )p3s

=
p

1 1 1 + + + + S2 (p4 )p4s S2 (p2k )p2ks S2 (p2k+1 )p(2k+1)s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + s+1 + 2s+1 + 3s+2 + 4s+2 + + 2ks+k + (2k+1)s+k+1 p p p p p p 1 1 + (2(k+2)+1)s+k+2 + p2(k+1)s+k+1 p 1 1 1 + s+1 1 p 1 p2s +1

+ =
p

(2s + 1) (s + 1) , (2s + 2) denotes the product over all primes.

p

where (s) is the Riemann zeta-function and

44 Taking H (x) = 1;
5

Wang Xiaoying

No. 1

B ( ) =

2 , 2 1

>

1 ; 2

s0 = 0; b = 1; T = x 4 in the above Lemma we may get 1 1 = S2 (n) 2i

1+ix 4
5 1ix 4 5

f (s)

nx

1 xs ds + O(x 4 + ). s

To estimate the main term, we move the integral line in the above formula from s = 1 ix 4 5 xs 4 to s = 1 4 ix . This time, the function f (s) s have a third order pole point at s = 0 with residue 3 ln2 x + A1 ln x + A2 , 2 2 where A1 and A2 are two computable constants. Hence, we have 5 5 5 5 1 4 4 4 +ix 4 1 1ix 4 s 4 ix 1 1+ix (2s + 1) (s + 1)x ds + + + 5 5 5 5 2i (2s + 2)s 4 4 1ix 4 1+ix 4 1 1 4 +ix 4 ix = 3 ln2 x + A1 ln x + A2 . 2 2
s

We can easily get the estimate 1 2i

4 1 4 +ix 5 1+ix 4 5 1 5 4 i 4 5 1 4 +i 4

(2s + 1) (s + 1)x ds 5 1 (2s + 2)s 4 ix 4

1ix 4

x 4 + .

From above we may immediately get the asymptotic formula:

1 3 1 = ln2 x + A1 ln x + A2 + O(x 4 + ). S2 (n) 2 2

nx

This completes the proof of the theorem.

References
[1] F. Smarandache, Only problems, not Solutions, Xiquan Publ. House, Chicago, 1993, pp. 42. [2] Ibstedt, Surng on the ocean of numbers-a few Smarandache notions and similar topics, Erhus University press, New Mexico, 1997. [3] Ibstedt, Computational Aspects of Number Sequences, American Research Press, Lupton, 1999. [4] Pan Chengdong and Pan Chengbiao, Goldbach conjecture, Science Press, Beijing, 1992, pp. 145. [5] Tom M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1976.