Beam

Beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending. The bending force induced into the material of the beam as a result of the external loads, own weight, span and external reactions to these loads is called a bending moment. Beams are traditionally descriptions of building or civil engineering structural elements, but smaller structures such as truck or automobile frames, machine frames, and other mechanical or structural systems contain beam structures that are designed and analyzed in a similar fashion. Beams generally carry vertical gravitational forces but can also be used to carry horizontal loads (i.e., loads due to an earthquake or wind). The loads carried by a beam are transferred to columns, walls, or girders, which then transfer the force to adjacent structures construction. Beams are characterized by their profile (the shape of their cross-section), their length, and their material. In contemporary construction, beams are typically made of steel, reinforced concrete, wood, composites, or cased fluids (inflatable beams). One of the most common types of steel beam is the I-beam or wide-flange beam (also known as a "universal beam" ). This is commonly used in steel-frame buildings and bridges.

Key words: struktural struktura earthquake potres designe projekat contemporary savremena

Tehnical words: beam greda element element (dio) load optereenje bending savijanje material materijal reactions reakcije bending moment moment savijanja

engineering inenjerstvo frames okviri mechanical mehaniko force sila griders nosai profil profil fluid fluid (tekuina) flange - prirubnica

Prevod: Greda Greda je strukturni element koji je u stanju izdrati optereenja a prije svega otpor savijanja. Sila savijanja izazvana u materijalu za grede kao rezultat vanjskog optereenja, vlastite teine, raspona i vanjske reakcije optereenja naziva se moment savijanja. Grede su tradicionalno opisi zgrade ili graevinarstva , ali i manje strukture, kao to su kamion ili automobil okviri, okviri za maine, i ostali mehaniki ili strukturni sistemi sadre grede koje se konstruiu i analiziraju na slian nain. Grede uglavnom nose vertikalne gravitacione sile ali se takoer mogu koristiti za noenje horizontalnih optereenja (tj. Optereenja prilikom potresa ili vjetra). Optereenja koja greda nosi prenose se na stupce, zidove, ili nosae, koji prenose snagu na okolne strukturne konstrukcije. Grede karakterie njihov profil (oblik njihovog presjeka), njihova duina, i materijal. U savremenoj izgradnji, grede su obino izraene od elika, armiranog betona, drva, kompozita, ili u futrolama fluida (napuhavanje greda). Jedan od najeih vrsta elinih greda je I-greda ili greda sa irokom prirubnicom (takoer poznata kao "univerzalna greda "). Ona se obino koristi u elinim okvirima zgrada i mostova.