Introduction Pump is the device used to move liquid or slurries.

Pump can be combined in series or parallel in order to reach their purpose of installation. If single pump does not provide enough flow rate for a given application, connecting two pumps in parallel can rectify the problem. On the other hand, if a single pump does not provide enough head for a given application, two pumps connected in series can be remedy. Pump distillation columns in chemical engineering to pumping storm sewer in civil and environmental engineering. They are an integral part of engineering and an understanding of how they work is important. Objective -To determine the head or flow rate characteristics and pump efficiency under single, series and parallel pump operation. Theoretical background a)Single centrifugal pump Centrifugal pump is one of the most widely used pumps for transferring liquids. Centrifugal pump operates as follow : -As the prime mover rotates the driveshaft, the impeller fluid is drawn in axially through the centre opening of the housing. The fluid then makes a 90 degree turn and flows radially outward. As energy is added to the fluid by rotating blades(centrifugal action and actual blade force), the pressure and velocity increase until the fluid reaches the outer tip of the impeller. The fluid then enters the volute-shaped housing whose increased flow area causes the velocity to decrease. This action results in a decrease in kinetic energy and an accompanying increase in pressure. b)Series pump operation Pump can be combined in series to obtain an increase in head at the same flow rate as the single pump.

-As shown in Figure 10.1, when two pumps having similar head-flow rate characteristics are operated in series in combined pump head-flow rate curve is obtained by adding the head of single pump curve at the same flow rate. c)Parallel pump operation Pump can be combined in parallel to obtain in increase in flow rate at the same head as the single pump.

-As shown in Figure 10.2, when two pumps having similar head-flow rate characteristics are operated in parallel the combined pump head-flow rate curve is obtained by adding the flow rates of the single pumps at the same head. -Formula for calculation of variables(in aacordance with series and parallel pump test rig Model:HM150.04). To determine the pump efficiency, the electrical input power of the drive motor and the hydraulic output power of the pump are needed. a) Motor Input-Power The motor input power is calculated from the relation :

Where U = voltage I = current Measured with analog meters in the switch box

b)Hydraulic-Pump Output Power Power(hydraulic), Where Q = volume flow rate

2

H = pump head water density c)Volume Flow-Rate The volume flow-rate is calculated as

d)Delivery Head of the Pump The delivery head is calculated as follows : Pump head, Where, ( ) pressure [bar] y = 0.18m (height difference in manometer)

e)Pump Efficiency

= 0.92 Note : 0.1 Bar = 1 Meter, 1 Bar = 100kPa

Apparatus

Procedure i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. Open the drain (2) of the HM150. Close the ball valve (10) (single drive). Open the ball valve (15) (no throttling). Fill the tank (3) of HM150. Connect the electricity mains supply. Fill the pump with ca. 1 liter of water. Turn the screw (16) with a 10mm spanner (only if the pump sucks no water). Adjust the delivery pressure by the ball valve (15). Adjust the rpm via the potentiometer on the switch box. The rpm is displayed on the digital display. Using a various speeds (rpm), take a result and plot the pump characteristics-Curves. a) rpm n = 800 b) rpm n = 1100 c) rpm n = 1300 d) rpm n = 1450