"Nobleman "Tera-neter

to-historic figure of Tera-neter, a negro nobleman of the Anu or Aunu race who were the first inhabitants of Egypt. The "Tera-neter" tile is predynastic being found by British Egyptologist W. . !linders "etrie #$%&'-$()*+ in the early temple at Abydos underneath the dynastic temple. The figure is on a green gla,ed faience. "etrie, famously -nown as "The !ather of "rehistory". "etrie, e.ca/ations at Nagada and Ballas in 0pper Egypt nearly $11 years ago unearth nearly **11 ancient gra/es. 2e wrote o/er a thousand boo-s, articles and re/iews reporting on his e.ca/ations and his finds. "etrie, The Making of Egypt, $('(3 "age 4% "The Aunu People. Besides these types, belonging to the north and east, There is the aboriginal race of the Anu, or Aunu, people (written with three pillars), who became a part of the historic inhabitants. The subject ramifies too doubtfully if we include all single-pillar names, but looking for the Aunu, written with the three pillars, we find that they occupied outhern !gypt and "ubia, and the name is also applied in inai and #ibya. As to the outhern !gyptians, we ha$e the most essential document, a portrait of a chief, Tera-neter, roughly modeled in relief in green gla%ed faience, found in the early temple at

Abydos. &receding his name, his address is gi$en on this earliest of $isiting cards, '&alace of the Aunu in (ermen city, Tera-neter.' (emen was the name of the god of Tuphium (#an%., )ict, *++), ,- miles south of #u.sor. !rment, opposite to it, was the place of Aunu of the south, Aunu /enti. The ne0t place in the south is Aunti (1ebeleyn), and beyond that Aunytseni (!sneh). The chief peculiarity of the figure is the droop of the chin2 this is caused by a slanting jaw with short ramus. The same type of jaw is seen in the i$ory king from Abydos, and moreo$er, the corpion king who preceded "ar-mer. These figures are, then, the precious portraits remaining of the nati$e pre-/enite kings of the south, and they are of a type certainly different from the dynastic type of the s.uare-jawed "ar-mer (/ena) and his follows. The difference of the slope of jaw in the Aunu people was illustrated by our researchers in the cemetery at Tarkhan. 3n dealing with the remains, the jaws were all photographed in position, and they show two groups of the slope of the lower edge as 45 and 46 to the hori%ontal. "ow we can go a step further. 7n the big mace-head of the corpion king there are car$ed the standard figured. These emblems of /in and et, with rekhyt plo$ers handing from them. The rekhytu people, howe$er, were the special care of the dynastic race, protected by Aha and by Thetu. They were an organi%ed rank ruled by a mayor in the 8th and 83th dynasties. The corpion king was, then, an enemy of the dynastic falcon, (orus. As we find the Aunu strong in the south, but the rekhytu strong in the north, it seems that the rekhytu came in with the dynastic in$asion, entering the "ile $alley at 9optos. Those who went south were attacked by the Aunu, and those going north founded a base at (eliopolis ( yro-!gypt, 4). The heads on pl. :::8333 are arranges to show the difference of type between the Aunu2 the dynastic people, the ,st dynasty in inai, the 33nd dynasty, 9hosekhem2 the 333rd dynasty, udany, anekht, and ;eser.' "age & ' ome of the most ob$ious public works of the 3st dynasty were the carrying on of earlier undertakings. The great historical maces, and the irrigation works, had been de$eloped under the corpion king of the Aunu, and both may ha$e originated much earlier. /any $ases and bowls ((<, 0ii, 0$ii, 0i0, 000i$) bear his name.' "age 5% "Nar-mer Pallette. The principal monument of the first king "ar-mer (/ena) is the large slate palette (:#). This shows his capture of the 'chief of the lake' ( uo she), and the falcon holding =,555 prisoners. Behind him is his body-ser$ant,' the rosette here, and elsewhere, being used for the king. The resemblance of the king on this palette to the sculptor>s trial piece, or model shows that almost certainly to be the royal portrait. 3t was ne$er part of a statute, being flat on the back and top2 it seems to be a life-study as a model for future figures. 3t is accepted as the oldest portrait figure, by /ichaelis, who notes the 'astonishing acuteness of the racial type.' "age $1* "Dynasty II, Tombs. The 33nd dynasty came to terms with the earlier Aunu people, and the first king took the name (etep-sekhemui, 'peace of the two powers.' By the middle of the dynasty, the Aunu people began to control the rule, and et appears on the royal name instead of (orus. By the end of the dynasty, the two scepters were 'united in peace' by 9ho-sekhemui'.

"age $1& "Motives of Dynasty III. A breath of life came from the udan. The new dynasty was headed by a-nekht of udany type, and he ga$e a fresh impetus which was later continued by ;eser, ?et there was no new in$ention, but only a strengthening of the old style, without a different art. The southern source was likewise the inspiration of the :33th, the :8333th, the ::8th dynasties, and in a similar manner. The udany infusion continued in the upper classes, as seen in the head of eker-kha-bau. The de$elopment of stone building at the tep &yramid of ;eser at a..ara was based on earlier craft, the car$ings of )ynasty 3 in wood and i$ory. mall objects such as head-rests, had columns with con$e0 fluting, and also with conca$e, in the 33nd dynasty. The moti$es may ha$e originated in the larger work and, later, been borrowed for it again. A similar translation from wood to stone is also to be found in the stone copies of wooden doorways, and of wooden doors represented as thrown open, at the entry of chambers in the temple of the tep &yramid. 3n the 333rd dynasty there was the achie$ement of using stone for wood, fi0ing the principles of art.'--W.M. lin!ers Petrie !rench Egyptologist Abbe 6mile Am7lineau #$%&1-$($4+. 2e disco/ered the tombs of 8a, 9en, and the :erpent 8ing 9;et #whose stela is at the <ou/re+. Am@lineau, is credited with the disco$ery of the Anu and their contribution to !gyptian ci$ili%ation. 3t was Am@lineau who designated the first black race to occupy !gypt as the Anu. (e showed how they came slowly down the "ile and founded the cities of !sneh, !rment, Aouch and (eliopolis. The actual name is always written with three columns. (e states that 'All those cities ha$e the characteristic symbol which ser$es to denote the name Anu.' The original name for (eliopolis is 'Annu'. '!gypt>s greatest /asters, 7siris, (ermes, 3sis, and (orus all belonged to 'the old race', the black Anu.' ( "han!ler, ,BBB) Citing e$idence unco$ered in Am@lineau e0ca$ations, he concludes thatD 'All those cities ha$e the characteristic symbol which ser$es to denote the name Anu. 3t is also in an ethnic sense that we must read the term Anu applied to 7siris. As a matter of fact, in a chapter introducing hymns in honor of <a and containing Chapter :8 of the #ook of the Dea!, we readD '(ail to thee, 7 1od Ani in the mountainous land of AntemE 7 great 1od, falcon of the double solar mountainE 3f 7siris was a "ubian origin, although born at Thebes, it would be easy to understand why the stuggle between et and (orus took place in "ubia. 3n any case, it is striking that the goddess 3sis, according to the legend, has precisely the same skin color that "ubians always ha$e, and that the god 7siris has what seems to me an ethnic epithet indicating his "ubian origin. Apparently this obser$ation has ne$er before been made'.--Am@lineau, Prol$%om&nes, pp. ,4+-,4* 'These Anu were agricultural people, raising cattle on a large scale along the "ile, shutting themsel$es up in walled cities for defensi$e purposes. To this people we can attribute, without fear of error, the most ancient !gyptian books, The #ook of the Dea! and the Te'ts of the Pyrami!s, conse.uently, all the myths or religious teachings. 3 would add almost all the philosophical systems then known and still called !gyptian. They e$idently knew the crafts necessary for any ci$ili%ation and were familiar with the tools those trades re.uired. They knew how to use metals, at least elementary metals. They made the earliest attempts at writing, for the whole !gyptian tradition attributes this art to Thoth, the great (ermes an Anu like 7siris, who is called 7nian in Chapter :8 of The #ook of the Dea! and in the Te'ts of the Pyrami!s. Certainly the people already knew the principal arts2 it left proof of this in the

architecture of the tombs at Abydos, especially the tomb of 7siris and in those sepulchers objects ha$e been found bearing unmistakable stamp of their origin, such as car$ed i$ory, or a little head of a "ubian girl found in a tomb near that of 7siris, or the small wooden or i$ory receptacles in the form of a feline head--all documents published in the first $olumn of my ouilles !(Aby!os'. B.8. =hatter;ee and >.9. 8umar, =omparati/e :tudy and ?acial Analysis of the 2uman ?emains of @ndus Aalley =i/ili,ation. #=alcutta, :ol 9istributors, W. Neuman, $(4&+, p. $53 'They compared the mean $alues of different cranial, facial, nasal, and orbital measurements of skulls related to $arious areas and periods of !gyptian ci$ili%ation. Cranium material was analy%ed from the pre-historic sites of !gypt "a.ada 33, !gypt Badari, plus "ubia Ariba, and were then compared with skulls from the Twelfth and Thirteenth )ynasties and a..ara, (7ld 9ingdom). The archaeologist found that all of these skulls in respect to 'long head, broad face, low orbit, and broad nasal aperture ha$e the characteristic features of the "egroid type'. ?eferences3 Am@lineau, Fmile. ,6BB. )es nouvelles fouilles !(Aby!os, &arisD !d. #erou0 Am@lineau, Fmile. ,B,=. Prol$%om&nes * l($tu!e !e la reli%ion $%yptienne, &arisD !d. #erou0 )iop, Cheikh Anta. ,BG+. The Afri+an ,ri%in of "ivili-ation, Myth or .eality, #awrence (ill Books &etrie, H./. Ilinders. The Makin% of /%ypt, #ondon. "ew ?ork, heldon &ress2 /acmillan 8an ertima, 3$an. ,BBB. /%ypt revisite!, Transaction &ublishers, (page ,,G, ,f 0o!s an! Men1 /%ypt(s ,l! 2in%!om, Hayne B. Chandler)

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