Sewer Appurtenances : Definition: Sewerage system structures constructed at suitable intervals along the sewer line to assist in efficient

operation and maintenance of the system Main sewer appurtenances: Catch basins, Manholes, Flushing tanks, Oil and grease traps & Drainage/Storm traps Others minor ones: inlets, clean outs, drop manholes, lamp holes, inverted siphons etc (a) Catch basins or Catchpits - Special type of sewer inlet with a basin to retrieve grit, sand, debris etc for settlement - There are 2 types (Fig 6.4 refers) differentiated mainly by presence or absence of baffles - Outlet is usually trapped to prevent escape of odours from the sewer and retain floating matters - Settled matters are periodically removed (b) Manholes Manhole is a masonry or R.C.C chamber constructed on the alignment of a sewer for providing access for inspection, testing, cleaning and other general maintenance Also helps in joining sewer lines and in changing the sewer direction and/or alignment Usually located at bends, junctions, change of gradient or change of diameter On straight reaches, they are provided at convenient spacing depending on sewer sizes Manholes are classified as Shallow, Normal and Deep types, based on the depth Component parts of deep manhole includes access shaft, working chamber, bottom or invert, side walls, steps/ladder and top cover/frame (c) Flushing tanks Flushing tank is a device/arrangement which holds water and then throws it into the sewer for the purpose of flushing it

It is either manually or automatically operated Sewer laid on flat gradients may not produce selfcleansing velocity and may get blocked easily, flushing tanks provide cleaning avenues

(d) Oil and grease traps - Specially built chambers on sewers to exclude grease and oil from sewage before entering the sewer line - Usually located near potential sources like automobile repair workshops, garages, hotel kitchens, oil and grease industries etc - Un-removed oil and grease may harden and cause obstruction on the sewer, increases possibility of explosion, may aid sticking of floating materials, prevents oxygen to aerobic bacteria and delay decomposition thereby causing odour (e) Drainage/Storm traps - They are sometimes called overflow devices - Usually constructed for combined sewerage system - They permit the diversion of storm water when the discharge exceeds certain values - Excess water is diverted to a natural stream or river - The 3 types of storm regulators are Overflow weirs, Leaping weirs and Siphon Spillways