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BBN-ANG-241 Phonology: The Rules of English Phonology 9. Vowel Rules 03

T !"en#$y %i"l&s
'e() of English *inguis)i#s+ E ), s *o!-n. /ni,e!si)y

011 Rules 2 !egul3!i)ies .is#usse. in )his le#)u!e ,owels: )ense 2 l34: T!isyll35i# *34ness+ -i#+ -i.+ -ish *34ing+ 6iV *34ness7Tenseness 021 T!isyll35i# *34ness

V = lax

[-stress] * 1 # * / __

i. ii.

stress: target V /it9/

qZnT\ttion, m[`H]grtion, v[`H]tlity, T[`H]tnic ... immnity, nity .... vnity, cremony, mlitary ...

iii. 3rd or earlier than 3rd

02.11 2.11

Phono)3#)i#s: 8ono8o!(he8i# wo!.s (Type A > Type B)

Ty(e A. *34 ,owel in 3 )!isyll35i# #on)e4) animal, origin, possible, ... etc Ty(e B . Tense ,owel in 3 )!isyll35i# #on)e4) Abraham agency apricot boomerang Clytemnestra cogency coterie dinosaur drapery dynamo dynasty (US) genealogy Ireland isogloss microscope nightingale Novocain Oberon Omaha Polaroid protege protocol rhododendron rotifer savoury stevedore trilobite troubadour vitamin

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02.21 2.21 %o!(ho-(honology73l)e!n3)ions: s)!u#)u!e .e(en.en#e

i. weak boundary affixes #penal# - #penal+ty# #vain# - #van+ity# #divide# - #divis+ible# ii -al strong boundary affixes #penal# - #penal#ize# #crazy# - #crazi#ness# #grade# - #grad#able#

a. nature-natural; nation-national; femur-femoral; b. notion - notional, season - seasonal; feature - featural; occasion-occasional; devotion-devotional; climate-climatal, sensation-sensational; and all -ational words (except national and rational)

iii. Exceptions obesity, nicety, probity; notify, nitrify; denotative, donative, excitative; secretive, vibrative; titanous, mountainous

031 -i#+ -i.+ -ish *34ness:

i. target V /it9/

V = lax / __ C {-ic, -id, -ish}# Punic, putrid, stupid ... heroic, algebraic, ... Prevocalic Tenseness >> -ic, -id, -ish Laxness

ii. presence of preceding C: *V_:

iii. #ishadj +ishV, N

eightish, Polish, Danish

03.11 3.11
Ty(e A.

Phono)3#)i#s: 8ono8o!(he8i# wo!.s: (Type A > Type B)

*34 ,owel in )he syll35le 5efo!e -i#+ -i.+ -ish .,Hj. .,Hc. .HR.N, V panic, Eric, Warwick, ... vivid, arid, OvidLatin poet, ... blemish, flourish, parish, fetish ...

Ty(e B.

Tense ,owel in )he syll35le 5efo!e -i#+ -i.+ -ish .,Hj. .,Hc. .HR.N, V OvidUS surname, David, aphid, hybrid fetish %

03.21 3.21

%o!(ho-(honology73l)e!n3)ions:
i. state - static (pale - pallid final - finish)

ii. #ishadj #catt#ish#, #green#ish# iii Exceptions phobic, basic, scenic, encyclopedic, anemic, aphasic, photic, amnesic, Gaelic, hybrid

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041 6iV *34ness7Tenseness 04.11 4.11 CiV position:

___CHV | [+stress] V = Canadian Zj?!mdHcH?m\ Darwinian Zc@9!vH mH?m\

04.21 4.21

i. TEN9:NG

VTENSE / __CHV

where V ZH\

or

)VLAXCHV where V ZH\

ii. *A;:NG

`H

H / __CHV *`HCHV

or

04.31 4.31

Phono)3#)i#s: e4#e()ions
to (4.2i): (4.2ii): Daniel, Harriet, mafia, terrier, stallion, patio, warrior ... none

04.41 4.41
i. ii.

%o!(ho-(honology73l)e!n3)ions
Cyprus-Cypriot; bile-bilious; hide-hideous -ion Z?m\ behaves as if it were HVn: CiV Tenseness: relate-relation; emote-emotion; complete-completion CiV Laxness: divide-division; precise-precision

iii.

Exceptions: proceed-procession; concede-concession, express-expression